- 1402, 10th Avenue South.,
Room 3160, University Hall,
Department of Anthropology,
College of Arts and Science (CAS),
The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB),
Birmingham, AL 35294-1241, USA
Gregory Mumford
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Anthropology, Faculty Member
- Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Sinai, ancient Red sea ports, Ancient Incense Trade, Egyptian fortresses, Egypt and Canaan, and 37 moreEgypt and Nubia, Aegean Egyptian Interrelatlations, Red Sea Trade, Ethiopian archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, History of Pre-Islamic Arabia, Sudanese Archaeology, Western Desert of Egypt, Eastern Desert of Egypt, Egyptian Delta survey, Nile Delta archaeology, History of Egyptology, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, foreign relations during ancient Egypt's Middle Kingdom, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Late Period in ancient Egypt, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Fortresses In Egypt and Sudan, Turquoise, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Libyan archaeology, Ancient Nubia, Nubian Studies and Egyptology, Nubian Archaeology, Ancient Eritrea, Punt, Ancient Ship Wrecks, Near Eastern Archaeology, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, and Sudanedit
- BRIEF BIOGRAPHY: Although I was born in Canada (1965), I grew up in Nairobi, Kenya (1965-1976), Niagara Falls, Canada... moreBRIEF BIOGRAPHY: Although I was born in Canada (1965), I grew up in Nairobi, Kenya (1965-1976), Niagara Falls, Canada (1976-77), and Pretoria, South Africa (1977-1980), during which I accompanied my parents on frequent trips to archaeological sites, museums, and public lectures in these and other countries (e.g., Ethiopia; Tanzania; Uganda). Upon returning to Canada I completed my schooling in Vancouver (1980-1983), and then went to the University of Toronto where I pursued a long-held childhood dream to become both an archaeologist and an Egyptologist. During my studies I expanded my interests to study both Ancient Egypt and its neighbors (including Nubia, the Aegean, Anatolia, Syria-Palestine, and Mesopotamia) and began focusing upon international relations between these regions from Prehistory through the Pharaonic period (5,000-332 BCE). My other academic and related interests include architecture/drafting and the medieval period (particularly the Vikings), two career options that I considered seriously, but have maintained mainly as side interests (e.g., I incorporate them into some courses and archaeological projects). I have participated in a broad range of archaeological excavations and surveys from 1985 to the present, including in British Columbia (Canada), Newfoundland (Canada), Alabama (U.S.A.), and multiple sites and regions throughout Egypt: I direct projects at Tell Tebilla (NE Delta) and Markha Plain (SW Sinai) in Egypt; I have participated variously in prehistoric through Roman-Coptic period projects at East Karnak (Luxor), Amarna and its vicinity (Middle Egypt), Dakhleh Oasis (Western Desert), Mendes (NE Delta), Tell Kedwa/Qedwa (NW Sinai), and Tell Borg (NW Sinai). I have taught a number of courses at Wilfrid Laurier University (1995), UCLA (1999-2000), the University of Toronto (periodic teaching from 1999-2005), and the University of Wales Swansea (2005-2006), and am now based --as an associate professor-- at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (2006/7-present). I also work frequently with my spouse, Dr. S. Parcak, on several joint projects, including co-directing a few archaeological projects (e.g., Point Rosee, NL), and assisting on others (e.g., el-Lisht, Egypt [i.e., as a co-director/field director with lead directors: S. Parcak and M. Youssef; A. Okasha]).edit
ADDED NOTES: I am not the author, but I am posting Sarah Parcak's book flyer and some pertinent data and reviews here, on my academia page, to inform potential interested readers and followers about this publication (now available: July... more
ADDED NOTES: I am not the author, but I am posting Sarah Parcak's book flyer and some pertinent data and reviews here, on my academia page, to inform potential interested readers and followers about this publication (now available: July 9, 2019), which includes some coverage regarding work we have done together in Egypt (e.g., at Tell Tebilla and el-Lisht; plus at Tanis/San el-Hagar in-part) and in eastern Canada (Point Rosee/Rosie, Newfoundland). The book contains many other topics (see below and in the attached flyer) and is now available via Amazon.com, Barnes and Noble, Books-a-Million, IndieBound, and Powells, while Amazon.com provides the following summary:
"National Geographic Explorer and TED Prize-winner Dr. Sarah Parcak welcomes you to the exciting new world of space archaeology, a growing field that is sparking extraordinary discoveries from ancient civilizations across the globe.
In Archaeology from Space, Sarah Parcak shows the evolution, major discoveries, and future potential of the young field of satellite archaeology. From surprise advancements after the declassification of spy photography, to a new map of the mythical Egyptian city of Tanis, she shares her field’s biggest discoveries, revealing why space archaeology is not only exciting, but urgently essential to the preservation of the world’s ancient treasures.
Parcak has worked in twelve countries and four continents, using multispectral and high-resolution satellite imagery to identify thousands of previously unknown settlements, roads, fortresses, palaces, tombs, and even potential pyramids. From there, her stories take us back in time and across borders, into the day-to-day lives of ancient humans whose traits and genes we share. And she shows us that if we heed the lessons of the past, we can shape a vibrant future.
Includes Illustrations"
https://www.amazon.com/Archaeology-Space-Future-Shapes-Past
See also: https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250198280
"National Geographic Explorer and TED Prize-winner Dr. Sarah Parcak welcomes you to the exciting new world of space archaeology, a growing field that is sparking extraordinary discoveries from ancient civilizations across the globe.
In Archaeology from Space, Sarah Parcak shows the evolution, major discoveries, and future potential of the young field of satellite archaeology. From surprise advancements after the declassification of spy photography, to a new map of the mythical Egyptian city of Tanis, she shares her field’s biggest discoveries, revealing why space archaeology is not only exciting, but urgently essential to the preservation of the world’s ancient treasures.
Parcak has worked in twelve countries and four continents, using multispectral and high-resolution satellite imagery to identify thousands of previously unknown settlements, roads, fortresses, palaces, tombs, and even potential pyramids. From there, her stories take us back in time and across borders, into the day-to-day lives of ancient humans whose traits and genes we share. And she shows us that if we heed the lessons of the past, we can shape a vibrant future.
Includes Illustrations"
https://www.amazon.com/Archaeology-Space-Future-Shapes-Past
See also: https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250198280
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Cultural Heritage, and 15 moreHeritage Conservation, Satellite remote sensing, Viking Age Archaeology, Peruvian History, Ancient Egypt, Space Archaeology, Antiquities Looting, Archaeology of the Future, Lisht, Tanis, Nazca Lines, Excavations, Roman Archaeology, Tell Tebilla, and Point Rosie, Newfoundland
“Middle Kingdom: Government, Economics, and Trade,” pp. xx-xx in Susan Hollis (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Egypt and the Hebrew Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press (6000-8000 words); For submission June 15, 2018; publication... more
“Middle Kingdom: Government, Economics, and Trade,” pp. xx-xx in Susan Hollis (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Egypt and the Hebrew Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press (6000-8000 words); For submission June 15, 2018; publication anticipated 2019.
IN-PROGRESS BACKGROUND: Relatively few details are known regarding the emergence and development of commercial and other relations between Egypt, Subsaharan Africa, the Red Sea, and Southwest Arabia. Unfortunately, the details become... more
IN-PROGRESS BACKGROUND: Relatively few details are known regarding the emergence and development of commercial and other relations between Egypt, Subsaharan Africa, the Red Sea, and Southwest Arabia. Unfortunately, the details become murkier the further back in time one goes. In very broad and simple terms, one might propose that economics and politics have often gone hand-in-hand in creating an impetus behind commercial and other relations between separate polities, not to mention the added input and needs of different rulers, their personalities, subjects, territories, and relations with other peoples and nations. This can be illustrated via the much better documented complexities during the more recent “Age of Discovery,” which incuded a search for sea routes to the East in order to obtain spices, silk, and other costly products without requiring the payment of high tarrifs to middlemen. If one heads further back in time, the Nabataeans represent another well-known example, forging an exceedingly wealthy nation in the semi-arid regions of southern Transjordan via implementing a careful water management system and dominating the spice trade with Southwest Arabia. Although the Roman Empire failed in an attempt to gain direct control of this region (Arabia Felix), its merchants voyaged widely to the Red Sea, East Africa, and India. This extensive Roman period commerce with the East grew out of the preceding Hellenistic era. Several centuries earlier, Alexander the Great defeated and took over the Persian Empire for various personal, political, and economic reasons, ushering in an expansion of Hellenism throughout the Near East and direct access to eastern products, including aromatics from Subsaharan Africa, Arabia, and India. However, earlier archaeological and textual-pictorial sources suggest that Alexander’s brief-lived empire represents a continued expansion and outgrowth of the successively increasing, first millennium BC, Near Eastern imperialism; this included the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian empires, each of which incorporated a focus on controlling the Negev and Arabia to obtain the aromatics and other products of Arabia. One might step back yet again to less secure footing to the Iron Age kingdoms of Israel, Judah, and Edom, which seem to have wrestled occasionally with one another, and sometimes with Egypt (e.g., Biblical Shishak/Sheshonq I; Necho II), in order to control access to the Red Sea trade amongst other objectives. This study extends further back in time, beginning with Predynastic Egypt, in an attempt to guage Egypt’s intial and changing roles in the Red Sea trade in relation to Subsaharan Africa, Arabia, and its Near Eastern and East Mediterranean neighbours during the pharaonic period. In each of these quite different time periods, the Red Sea trade plays a significant, albeit fluctuating, role, in conjunction with many other complex factors, in the changing policies and objectives of Ancient Egypt’s rulers.
IN-PROGRESS: The in-progress manuscript will be posted and updated online soon (i.e., summer 2015), including images and other data, and we encourage any email communications (see gmumford@uab.edu) supplementing our corpus of 21 known... more
IN-PROGRESS: The in-progress manuscript will be posted and updated online soon (i.e., summer 2015), including images and other data, and we encourage any email communications (see gmumford@uab.edu) supplementing our corpus of 21 known Bes-jars and Bes jar fragments from Tebilla, and an increasing, albeit so far only initial, list of (selected) Bes jar parallels, for inclusion in this study (particularly post New Kingdom examples). The preliminary image files (saved in a pdf document) will represent intact, virtually intact, and fragmentary Bes jars found at Tell Tebilla, while the in-progress manuscript and growing list of parallels will be posted later once it has become more substantial.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT (in-progress): The African continent encompasses a vast area of approximately 30,420,000 square kilometres and great diversity in geology, topography, hydrology, soils, flora, fauna, climate, cultures, and history, with many and... more
ABSTRACT (in-progress): The African continent encompasses a vast area of approximately 30,420,000 square kilometres and great diversity in geology, topography, hydrology, soils, flora, fauna, climate, cultures, and history, with many and varied changes in these individual categories over time. In addition, the archaeological study of Africa is equally varied, ranging from intensely studied individual regions and time periods (e.g., Olduvai Gorge [Tanzania]; pharaonic through Ptolemaic-Roman period Egypt) to moderately through relatively little or more recently investigated regions (e.g., pre-Aksumite Ethiopia versus the prehistory of Nigeria and West Africa in general); past cultures also varied greatly, from past peoples, who left few easily visible remains (e.g., early hominids; ancient hunter-gatherers), to past-recent people dwelling within obscured landscapes (e.g., Mubuti pygmies in dense forests), and other past societies with more visible, albeit often sub-surface or buried remains (e.g., Aksumite, Zimbabwe, and other cultures). In the face of rapidly growing populations, widespread urban and rural development, looting, and other factors, which vary from region to region in Africa, archaeologists and archaeology face a multitude of problems and challenges in re-dressing the many gaps in our knowledge regarding different parts of Africa, and its early hominid remains through many past cultures. One tool that offers a partial but invaluable cost-effective and time saving aid in detecting little known and previously unknown surface and sub-surface sites is satellite remote sensing, LiDAR, and other aerial-based surveys. This paper highlights the successful application of various aerial and space-based remote sensing techniques in several parts of Saharan and sub-Saharan Africa, including Egypt, Tunisia, and Kenya, and proposes potential promising approaches in other selected regions of Africa. UPDATE: I have no idea what has happened to this submission (from several years ago). The manuscript and volume do not appear to have materialized, unless it was translated into and published in another language ? ADDED NOTE (July 2020): We have not heard back from the editors of this volume, and are uncertain as to the fate of this (preliminary) contribution, while some of its content may be outdated as time passes and my/our/other views and research advance and change. In any case, we will leave this draft posted for any/all interested researchers and/or input, suggestions, etc.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This paper aspires to furnish a useful aid for individuals interested in assessing the widely dispersed materials from Niankhnisut’s late Old Kingdom tomb chapel at Saqqara, focusing initially upon the Worcester Art Museum’s... more
ABSTRACT: This paper aspires to furnish a useful aid for individuals interested in assessing the widely dispersed materials from Niankhnisut’s late Old Kingdom tomb chapel at Saqqara, focusing initially upon the Worcester Art Museum’s marsh scene and later graffiti, but expanding into an overview of what is known and postulated currently concerning Niankhnisut: The paper furnishes discussion about the identity and significance of Niankhnisut, his tomb chapel, its initial placement, its decoration, and some identifications of officials in the WAM relief. It has also attempted to assess how much of the tomb chapel is known; it points out a more recently acquired relief from Niankhnisut’s tomb; it suggests a Late period date for the graffiti in the WAM marsh scene; and it offers some re-contextualizing of ex-situ blocks in the re-discovered tomb –in particular the large marsh scene from the Worcester Art Museum. However, much more excavation, publication, and research are required to understand this tomb, its owner, the affiliated family, officials, and personnel, and their broader context more fully: Most of this awaits the input of the current through future excavation team(s) and other scholars. PLEASE NOTE: The article has been approved, the galley proofs are completed, and awaits publication in Fall 2020.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, Art History, and 14 moreOld Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Graffiti (Archaeology), Mortuary archaeology, Tomb decoration (Egyptian), Antiquities Looting, Late Old Kingdom, Mastabas, Re contextualization, Saqqara necropolis, Unas (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 5), Teti (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 6), tomb-chapel, Niankhnisut, and Ni-ankh-nisut
SUMMARY (feedback welcome): The geographical proximity of Egypt and Nubia via the Nile and adjacent deserts have encouraged long-term, diverse and fluctuating interactions, including trade, diplomacy, military alliances, transitory... more
SUMMARY (feedback welcome): The geographical proximity of Egypt and Nubia via the Nile and adjacent deserts have encouraged long-term, diverse and fluctuating interactions, including trade, diplomacy, military alliances, transitory migrants, defensive measures, conflict, punitive raids, imperialism, and cultural influences across both sides of the First Cataract region (see Torok 2009). Nubia offered attractive resources such as diverse metals, minerals, semi-precious stones, flora, fauna, and human resources, plus a conduit to sub-Saharan Africa and its varied products. In turn, Egypt contained a broad range of finished products and materials, access to East Mediterranean and Near Eastern goods, cultural and religious inspirations, employment and settlement opportunities, and sometimes a ready sphere for political expansion. This paper emphasizes that while certain geographic factors and resources enabled Egypt to dominate politically and economically more frequently over Nubia, other circumstances occur that permitted both Egypt and Nubia to deviate from this “norm” and pursue more peaceful interactions, often during times of relative weakness (for varying, differing and complex reasons), while other periods (e.g., exhibiting a sufficient imbalance in prosperity, strength and the means and opportunity to bypass more peaceful trade, intermediaries and tariffs) may have encouraged the imposition of more direct intervention. NOTE: Approved, Dec. 2018, pending publication online (in 2020):
See https://products.abc-clio.com/abc-cliocorporate/product.aspx?pc=AWHSW
World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, by David Tipton, Lee Eysturlid, Rob Kiely, and Peter Stearns (Editors).
See https://products.abc-clio.com/abc-cliocorporate/product.aspx?pc=AWHSW
World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, by David Tipton, Lee Eysturlid, Rob Kiely, and Peter Stearns (Editors).
ABSTRACT: It is a distinct pleasure to write an article in honor of James (“Jim”) Hoffmeier, a friend and project director with whom I have worked at Tell el-Borg (North Sinai) in recent years, plus a well-respected and prolific... more
ABSTRACT: It is a distinct pleasure to write an article in honor of James (“Jim”) Hoffmeier, a friend and project director with whom I have worked at Tell el-Borg (North Sinai) in recent years, plus a well-respected and prolific colleague whose many and wide-ranging works I have consulted since the advent of my studies in the 1980s regarding both Egyptology and the Ancient Near East. Selecting a pertinent topic for his Festschrift was initially tricky, since Jim’s interests are equally broad and varied, but this final selection has been drawn and expanded from a portion of a manuscript I am currently completing. In researching the broader relations between Egypt, sub-Saharan Africa and other regions, I became intrigued by three or four “imports” that often appear together in different groupings with dwarfs, especially during the Old Kingdom, namely sub-Saharan African dogs, felines (usually leopards), and primates (i.e., baboons; monkeys); Egyptian dwarfs appear frequently alongside these exotic imports, but are overshadowed somewhat by the novelty and rarity of imported sub-Saharan “pygmies” who are distinguished by a different nomenclature in Egyptian texts. This paper supplements the Old Kingdom portion of Veronique Dasen’s 1993 seminal study on Dwarfs in Ancient Egypt and Greece, by adding some less well-known and new examples; it applies some quantification and statistical analyses to the apparent Old Kingdom preference for using indigenous dwarfs as handlers of imported dogs, primates, and sometimes felines (e.g., from Nubia, sub-Saharan Africa, Punt, and occasionally the adjacent deserts and oases); and it reviews Egyptian dwarfs and foreign pygmies’ presence in other professions and activities in the Old Kingdom (and later periods). Published July 2020.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, and 15 moreOld Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Cheetah, Primates, Dwarfs (dwarves) in history and art, Canine Cultural Studies, Archaeological dogs, Tomb decoration (Egyptian), Exotic animals, Monkeys, Subsaharan Africa, Leopards, Pygmies, Little People, and Animal Handling
ABSTRACT: This paper will assess the most recently available open access high-resolution optical satellite data (0.3 m–0.6 m) and its detection of buried ancient features versus ground based remote sensing tools. It also discusses the... more
ABSTRACT: This paper will assess the most recently available open access high-resolution optical satellite data (0.3 m–0.6 m) and its detection of buried ancient features versus ground based remote sensing tools. It also discusses the importance of CORONA satellite data to evaluate landscape changes over the past 50 years surrounding sites. The study concentrates on Egypt’s Nile Delta, which is threatened by rising sea and water tables and urbanization. Many ancient coastal sites will be lost in the next few decades, thus this paper emphasizes the need to map them before they disappear. It shows that high resolution satellites can sometimes provide the same general picture on ancient sites in the Egyptian Nile Delta as ground based remote sensing, with relatively sandier sedimentary and degrading tell environments, during periods of rainfall, and higher groundwater conditions. Research results also suggest potential solutions for rapid mapping of threatened Delta sites, and urge a collaborative global effort to maps them before they disappear.
Public access Link: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/7/4/94/htm
Public access Link: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/7/4/94/htm
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This paper will assess the most recently available open access high-resolution optical satellite data (0.3 m–0.6 m) and its detection of buried ancient features versus ground based remote sensing tools. It also discusses the... more
ABSTRACT: This paper will assess the most recently available open access high-resolution optical satellite data (0.3 m–0.6 m) and its detection of buried ancient features versus ground based remote sensing tools. It also discusses the importance of CORONA satellite data to evaluate landscape changes over the past 50 years surrounding sites. The study concentrates on Egypt’s Nile Delta, which is threatened by rising sea and water tables and urbanization. Many ancient coastal sites will be lost in the next few decades, thus this paper emphasizes the need to map them before they disappear. It shows that high resolution satellites can sometimes provide the same general picture on ancient sites in the Egyptian Nile Delta as ground based remote sensing, with relatively sandier sedimentary and degrading tell environments, during periods of rainfall, and higher groundwater conditions. Research results also suggest potential solutions for rapid mapping of threatened Delta sites, and urge a collaborative global effort to maps them before they disappear. See online article via https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/7/4/94/htm
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Ground Penetrating Radar, Satellite Remote Sensing (Archaeology), New Kingdom (Archaeology), and 15 moreThird Intermediate Period, Saite Period, Ancient Egypt, Landscape change, Nectanebo II, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Nile Delta archaeology, Mastabas, Archeological Prospection, Magnetometry, Persian Period In Egypt, Egyptian Temples, Tell Tebilla, Cultural Heritage Mapping, worldview satellite imagery, and corona satellite imagery
ABSTRACT: This chapter covers the excavations, findings, and analysis of several seasons of excavations in mainly the New Kingdom, non-fortified, "public area" in Field II, Areas 1-3, at Tell el-Borg. Field II contained a stone-lined... more
ABSTRACT: This chapter covers the excavations, findings, and analysis of several seasons of excavations in mainly the New Kingdom, non-fortified, "public area" in Field II, Areas 1-3, at Tell el-Borg. Field II contained a stone-lined well and outlying areas (Area 1 Units A-H), a large pit and adjacent courtyard/open area (Areas 1–2 Units I-K), a river channel bank, nearby structure (shrine?), and walling system (Area 2 Units A-I), and some test units in Area 3 (i.e., the south end of Field II), and two outlying test units to the north (Unit L) and east (Unit M) in “Area 1.” This author (Mumford) relied upon the excavations and records, and some early analysis, of many field personnel: Louise Bertini (animal osteology [2004–2007]), Aaron Burke (Area 2 Unit I), Jeremy Cheek (Area 1 Unit H; assisting in Units E-F), Thomas Davis (Area 2 Units D-I; Area 3 Unit A), Rosa Frey (Area 1 Units A-C; Area 2 Units A-D), Scott Haddow (assisting in Area 1 Units D-I; Area 2 Unit E; human osteology), Tomasz Herbich (magnetometer survey in Fields II–VII), James Hoffmeier (director; field reports), Rexine Hummel (Field II pottery), James Knudstad (Areas 1–2 architectural plans), Michelle Loyet (animal osteology [1999–2002]), Ashraf Melika (Area 2 Units D-I), Stephen Moshier (Areas 1–3 magnetometer surveys), Gregory Mumford (Area 1 Units J-K; Area 2 Units E extension, and F-G), Lyla Pinch-Brock (small finds registration), and Linda Wilding (Unit A; data base). The text portion of this chapter is accompanied by a more extensive (i.e., full) set of field drawings and photographs, including plans, profiles, artifacts, etc., via an affiliated website for volume II of Tell el-Borg. Chapter 3 contains: Excursus I on Field II pottery by R. Hummel (pp. 136-64) and Excursus II on stamped jar handles by J. K. Hoffmeier (p. 165). This chapter is copyrighted by Eisenbrauns, and the volume with this chapter may be purchased via www.eisenbrauns.com (see https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/titles/978-1-57506-988-3.html) and is also available via Amazon.com (May 15, 2019+).
Research Interests: Archaeology, Sculpture, Late Bronze Age archaeology, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Cisterns (Archaeology), and 15 moreFaience, Ancient Egypt, The Amarna Period, Copper Artefacts, Domestic Architecture (Egyptology), Mycenaean pottery, Sinai, Mudbrick architecture, Tutankhamun, Archaeology of Wells, Architecture and Public Spaces, Smenkhkare, Canaanite Pottery, Cypriot Pottery, and Scarabs Seals
SUMMARY (2018 pre-publication draft): The study of the Late Bronze Age collapse and the Sea Peoples’ migrations is exceedingly complex and contentious regarding diverse and often contradictory evidence and interpretations. Its scope spans... more
SUMMARY (2018 pre-publication draft): The study of the Late Bronze Age collapse and the Sea Peoples’ migrations is exceedingly complex and contentious regarding diverse and often contradictory evidence and interpretations. Its scope spans multiple regions in the East Mediterranean, Egypt, and Near East; it covers several centuries straddling the Late Bronze Age (1550–1200 BCE) to Iron Age (1200–586 BCE); it entails diverse disciplines and specialists, including the archaeology, art, languages, and history of the Aegean, Western Anatolia, the Hittites, Cyprus, Syria-Palestine, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Libya, and elsewhere. The topic also incorporates a continuous influx of new data and re-assessments. The textual-pictorial account from Ramesses III’s memorial temple at Medinet Habu has long dominated more popular and simplified perceptions and misconceptions regarding a “single” event ca. 1200 BCE (elsewhere 1190/1177 BCE): This pivotal event is applied to mark the “collapse” of Late Bronze Age empires, kingdoms, city states, and their affiliated cultures throughout the East Mediterranean and Near East, followed by their integration and/or partial replacement during the early Iron Age with hybrid populations, societies, material culture, and polities. In contrast, the extant and emerging patchwork of evidence suggests that the foundation of a new geo-political and socio-cultural landscape of the biblical Philistines, Israelites, and their neighbors reflects far more complex, multi-faceted, obscure, and long-term factors. Such data also imply a continuity and merging of the Canaanites and other indigenous cultures with various Sea Peoples (e.g., Philistines), the Israelites, and other peoples and influences (Bachhuber 2013). SEE PUBLICATION (BSOT) FOR FINAL FALL 2018 VERSION AND ILLUSTRATIONS ...
ABSTRACT (Introductory paragraph): Despite Egypt’s frequent exploitation of the Nile, its diverse other waterways (e.g., lakes; ponds; marshes), and the Red Sea and Mediterranean for local through long-distance interactions with the... more
ABSTRACT (Introductory paragraph): Despite Egypt’s frequent exploitation of the Nile, its diverse other waterways (e.g., lakes; ponds; marshes), and the Red Sea and Mediterranean for local through long-distance interactions with the surrounding world, the Egyptians and other peoples actually used overland routes quite commonly and increasingly for passage between a broad network of near to distant regions, polities, and peoples, often combining riverine, maritime, and overland transport (e.g., portaging boats around impassable stretches in the Nile; ferrying personnel across rivers, lakes, and sea). Although the nature, scope, routes and carriers of overland interactions changed over time, from prehistory to the pharaonic period (and later), these local through long-distance ventures included such objectives as obtaining and redistributing non-indigenous raw materials and products, mining metals and minerals, quarrying stone, prospecting for new resources, scouting and securing key areas and regions (e.g., desert patrols), maintaining communications (e.g., keeping in touch with remote garrisons, desert patrols and expeditions), diplomacy (e.g., dispatching regular messengers and special emissaries; escorting foreign dignitaries, princesses, and their entourages to Egypt), trade, transitory military activities (e.g., small-scale raids; campaigns), and long-term settlement and colonization (i.e., imperialism in Nubia, the Levant, and western oases). The means employed for travelling overland also varied widely according to the specific locality, distance, time period, and their varying requirements, including foot traffic, transportation in litters, chariots, and other vehicles, riding donkeys, horses, and (later) camels, and utilizing porters, pack animals, and ox-drawn sleds, carts, and wagons for carrying heavy loads. The types of overland routes, terrain, and cultural landscapes varied greatly too, ranging from deserts to savannah lands, marshes, forests, cultivated lands, and plains and mountains, encompassing infrequent to well-travelled ways, natural and prepared roadways, and traversing routes with minimal natural amenities (e.g., springs; oases) to better-appointed trails containing artificial wells, way stations, forts, villages, towns, and cities. This paper examines Ancient Egypt’s land connections and relations with Nubia and sub-Saharan Africa, the Western Desert, Eastern Desert, Sinai, Arabia, and Near East, providing a synthesis on the diverse land routes, travel, travelers, objectives, interactions, and commodities exchanged between Egypt and its neighbors, and addresses some changes in such interactions between these regions during the predynastic through pharaonic periods.
PLEASE NOTE: The more extensive pre-publication, draft copy (20,616 words including bibliography and captions) contained 268 footnotes and many more sources, but needed to be cut/reduced greatly for the publication copy (i.e., now just under 10,000 words), but the fuller version can be made available upon direct request to the author for a pdf copy. The text for publication of this chapter/article has now been peer-reviewed and modified for publication, with all changes also being added to the original, longer text (which can be sent to anyone wishing to see/use the in-text endnotes (also containing more discussion and data) and the more complete bibliography. An even longer version of this work is being completed as a separate book/two-volume publication (285,000+ words).
PLEASE NOTE: The more extensive pre-publication, draft copy (20,616 words including bibliography and captions) contained 268 footnotes and many more sources, but needed to be cut/reduced greatly for the publication copy (i.e., now just under 10,000 words), but the fuller version can be made available upon direct request to the author for a pdf copy. The text for publication of this chapter/article has now been peer-reviewed and modified for publication, with all changes also being added to the original, longer text (which can be sent to anyone wishing to see/use the in-text endnotes (also containing more discussion and data) and the more complete bibliography. An even longer version of this work is being completed as a separate book/two-volume publication (285,000+ words).
Research Interests: Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, Sudanese Archaeology, and 20 moreKharga Oasis, Ancient Nubia, Archaeology of Roads, Ancient Roads, Arabian Peninsula in Antiquity, Siwa Oasis, Red Sea archaeology, Western Desert of Egypt, Eastern Desert of Egypt, Ancient South Arabia, ancient Red sea ports, Ancient Trade Routes, Transport in Ancient Egypt, Ancient transportation, Ancient Eritrea, Dakhla Oasis, Punt, Red Sea Trade, Ancient and Roman Roads, and Wadi Hammamat
ABSTRACT: The Valley of the Kings contains many royal and private burials from the New Kingdom, with continuing discoveries of new tombs, caches, huts, walling systems, and other features. This necropolis is inextricably linked to a... more
ABSTRACT: The Valley of the Kings contains many royal and private burials from the New Kingdom, with continuing discoveries of new tombs, caches, huts, walling systems, and other features. This necropolis is inextricably linked to a broader ritual and secular landscape in West Thebes, from which we have a patchwork of earlier and later occupation, desert routes, other royal tombs, memorial and cult temples, processional routes, palaces and villas, harbor basins and waterways, private cemeteries, and a main town and a workmen’s village serving the production, maintenance, and security of both royal and private tombs. Remote sensing includes diverse space-, aerial-, and ground-based technologies (e.g., WorldView; ASTER; LiDAR; Thermography; GPR; Electrical Resistivity), which are improving continuously and offer a cost-effective and efficient means of detecting surface, sub-surface, and buried sites, structures, and features in this region. This remote sensing study has located a huge, sub-surface structure at Qurnet Murai that is suggestive of a Coptic monastic complex, and hut clusters elsewhere. UPDATE: This penultimate draft copy excludes the latest minor additions, including a brief statement confirming the presence of visible surface/subsurface architecture at Qurnet Murai, which was observed during the authors' brief trip to Deir el-Medineh in late December 2014. Published in late December 2015 / early January 2016.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Remote Sensing, Egyptian Archaeology, and 16 moreSatellite remote sensing, Coptic (Archaeology), New Kingdom (Egyptology), Middle Kingdom, Mortuary archaeology, Theban Tombs, Deir el-Medina, Coptic Monasteries, Ancient Urbanism, Deir el Medina, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Valley of the Kings, Deir El-Medineh, Egyptian Temples, Exploration In the Valley of the Kings, and Thebes (Egypt)
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS: This work is offered in honour of my Ph.D. supervisor, mentor, and colleague John S. Holladay, Jr., who encouraged me to re-examine the Amman Airport structure and provided invaluable advice during my initial... more
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS: This work is offered in honour of my Ph.D. supervisor, mentor, and colleague John S. Holladay, Jr., who encouraged me to re-examine the Amman Airport structure and provided invaluable advice during my initial examination of it in the mid-1990s. Following the completion of my doctorate in fall 1998 (Mumford 1998), more recent articles, scholarly input and other considerations have augmented this study into the form presented here (see also Mumford in press).
Our conceptions regarding the date-range, function and overall role of the Amman Airport structure within the Levant and East Mediterranean in general have evolved since its accidental discovery and salvage work in 1955 (Harding 1958: 10; Hennessy 1966a: 155–62). Further excavations took place within and beside it in 1966 (Hennessy 1985) and 1976 (Herr 1983a), while significant portions of its material culture assemblage, surviving in records and the Amman Museum collections, have been published over the past few decades (Hankey 1974a; idem 1974b; idem 1995; Hennessy 1985; Ward 1964). Although the building contains artefacts spanning the Early through Late Bronze Ages, the bulk of the published material places it firmly in the Late Bronze Age, particularly LB 2B (ca. 1300–1200 BC). The site’s function has received less universal acceptance, having been posited as a tribal league centre serving a semi-nomadic population (Campbell and Wright 1969: 104–116), a fire temple (Wright 1966: 351–7), a temple for human sacrifice (Hennessy 1966a: 161; idem 1985), a Hittite mortuary complex with cremation burials (Herr 1983b: 225, 228; idem 1997a: 103), a cultic installation/temple (Harding 1958: 12; Gonen 1992: 229; Hankey 1995: 171), a military watchtower, or “magdalu” (Fritz 1971: 140–52; Burke 2007: 46–7), a “governor’s residency” associated with trade (Mazar 1990: 257), or a somewhat more complex fortified trading post and elite centre (Holladay 2001: 163–7). Published November, 2015.
Our conceptions regarding the date-range, function and overall role of the Amman Airport structure within the Levant and East Mediterranean in general have evolved since its accidental discovery and salvage work in 1955 (Harding 1958: 10; Hennessy 1966a: 155–62). Further excavations took place within and beside it in 1966 (Hennessy 1985) and 1976 (Herr 1983a), while significant portions of its material culture assemblage, surviving in records and the Amman Museum collections, have been published over the past few decades (Hankey 1974a; idem 1974b; idem 1995; Hennessy 1985; Ward 1964). Although the building contains artefacts spanning the Early through Late Bronze Ages, the bulk of the published material places it firmly in the Late Bronze Age, particularly LB 2B (ca. 1300–1200 BC). The site’s function has received less universal acceptance, having been posited as a tribal league centre serving a semi-nomadic population (Campbell and Wright 1969: 104–116), a fire temple (Wright 1966: 351–7), a temple for human sacrifice (Hennessy 1966a: 161; idem 1985), a Hittite mortuary complex with cremation burials (Herr 1983b: 225, 228; idem 1997a: 103), a cultic installation/temple (Harding 1958: 12; Gonen 1992: 229; Hankey 1995: 171), a military watchtower, or “magdalu” (Fritz 1971: 140–52; Burke 2007: 46–7), a “governor’s residency” associated with trade (Mazar 1990: 257), or a somewhat more complex fortified trading post and elite centre (Holladay 2001: 163–7). Published November, 2015.
Research Interests: Egyptology, Levantine Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Aegean Egyptian Interrelatlations, New Kingdom (Egyptology), and 16 moreBronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Transjordan, Ancient Arabs, Early Iron Age, the Sea Peoples, XIX - XX Dynasty in Egypt, the Hittites, the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Medittaranean, Mycenaean pottery, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Arabian Peninsula in Antiquity, Archaeology of Jordan, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Amman Airport Temple, Votive Deposit, Votive offerings, Ancient Incense Trade, Incense Routes, and Qurayyah Painted Ware
ABSTRACT: The Sinai Peninsula has provided a continuous land bridge connecting northeast Africa and Asia, and particularly Ancient Egypt with the Levant. This paper focuses mainly upon past through recent explorations of Ancient Egypt’s... more
ABSTRACT: The Sinai Peninsula has provided a continuous land bridge connecting northeast Africa and Asia, and particularly Ancient Egypt with the Levant. This paper focuses mainly upon past through recent explorations of Ancient Egypt’s Prehistoric through pharaonic interactions with the Sinai and its environs, including the Negev, and in particular considers our changing perceptions of Egyptian contact and influence, and also examines Near Eastern, Arabian, and other cross-cultural relations with the Sinai. The nature of these cross-cultural relations fluctuates and changes, taking place in three main areas: the North Sinai transit route between Egypt’s East Delta and Southwest Levant, a Red Sea crossing to South Sinai to obtain turquoise, copper, and other materials, and a more complex, adjacent Negev route between the Red Sea and Southwest Levant, which variously accommodated Egyptians, Canaanites, and others mining copper in the southern Arabah and Faynan, obtaining Red Sea shells, and getting aromatics from Arabia. PUBLICATION PDF (i.e., 3 years after initial release date). See this issue of JAEI for other articles on Sinai.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, and 28 moreBorder Studies, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, Cross-Cultural Studies, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Second Intermediate Period (Egyptology), Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Third Intermediate Period, Prehistory, Middle Kingdom, Fortifications, Borders and Frontiers, Red Sea, Copper extraction and production, Sinai, Arabian Peninsula in Antiquity, Red Sea archaeology, ancient Red sea ports, Turquoise, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Negev, Ancient harbours and anchorages, Egyptian fortresses, Ayn Sukhna, Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai, and Ancient Incense Trade
ABSTRACT: The 2008 excavations at Ras Budran continued exposing the late Old Kingdom fort’s courtyard, finding baking installations, deep hollows filled by ash and sand, and parts of an underlying occupation layer that may reflect earlier... more
ABSTRACT: The 2008 excavations at Ras Budran continued exposing the late Old Kingdom fort’s courtyard, finding baking installations, deep hollows filled by ash and sand, and parts of an underlying occupation layer that may reflect earlier activity at the fort (which needs further clarification). The exploration of a suggestive “chamber” in the eastern enclosure wall revealed it to be a modern disturbance. The project also concentrated on the western “bastion,” tracing it for 20 meters and finding evidence for salt encrustations and potential storm activity along the fort’s western side; one preliminary conclusion is that the sealing of the fort’s original entryway, and the subsequent abandonment and dismantling of the fort, may have been encouraged by a poor placement of the fort too close to the Red Sea and/or possibly increasingly harsher (winter) weather ca. 2300–2200 B.C. The study also contains Rexine Hummel’s analysis of the fort’s pottery fabrics, forms, and functions. PUBLICATION PDF (i.e., 3 years after initial release date). See this issue of JAEI for other articles on Sinai.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Strategy (Military Science), Anthropology, and 23 moreArchitecture, Foodways (Anthropology), Pottery (Archaeology), Border Studies, Maritime History, Egyptian Archaeology, Architectural History, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Military History, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), History of architecture, Fortifications, Ancient Egypt, Borders and Frontiers, Red Sea, Copper extraction and production, Egyptian Pottery, Sinai, Red Sea archaeology, Ancient Egyptian Pottery, ancient Red sea ports, Turquoise, and Red Sea Trade
ABSTRACT: The 2002 University of Toronto and SCA (renamed MoA) expedition to el-Markha Plain, South Sinai, mapped and excavated the eastern portion of a small, seasonal copper smelting site and anchorage (Rothenberg’s site 346), which W.... more
ABSTRACT: The 2002 University of Toronto and SCA (renamed MoA) expedition to el-Markha Plain, South Sinai, mapped and excavated the eastern portion of a small, seasonal copper smelting site and anchorage (Rothenberg’s site 346), which W. F. Albright had discovered in 1948 and dated to the early New Kingdom. In 2002, this encampment yielded potsherds from Nile silt vessels (5%) and numerous pottery fragments (95%) from two types of “Sinaitic”/Red Sea fabrics, most of which date to the Middle Kingdom. The remaining artifacts represent copper lumps and slag, stone tools, fish bones, sea urchin spines, marine shells, and coral. The expedition also investigated an adjacent wadi bed and waterfall, and found isolated pottery scatters from Egyptian store jars at several places along the northwest edge of the plain. In addition, the team surveyed Rothenberg’s site 345 (Ras Budran), Seih Baba, the mouth of Wadi Sidri, and selected portions of el-Markha Plain to the south of Abu Rodeis. PUBLICATION PDF (i.e., 3 years after initial release date). See this issue of JAEI for other articles on Sinai.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Egyptology, Maritime Archaeology, Anthropology, Pottery (Archaeology), and 17 moreMaritime History, Egyptian Archaeology, Egypt and Canaan, Middle Kingdom, Ancient Egypt, Red Sea, Copper extraction and production, Copper, Sinai, Red Sea archaeology, ancient Red sea ports, Turquoise, Ancient harbours and anchorages, Furnace, Copper Smelting, Crucibles, and 12th Dynasty
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: Egypto-Levantine relations have varied from the Neolithic through Persian periods, ranging from overland and maritime commerce, diplomatic missions, emigrants, imperial expansion, and alliances, while at other... more
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: Egypto-Levantine relations have varied from the Neolithic through Persian periods, ranging from overland and maritime commerce, diplomatic missions, emigrants, imperial expansion, and alliances, while at other times Asiatics have traded, raided, pastured their flocks, infiltrated, taken refuge in, served as mercenaries, and sometimes controlled parts of Egypt. Although fluctuations occur in the intensity of contact, in general interactions have increased over time, with local adoptions and emulations of different aspects of each culture: language, literature, religion, art, and artifacts.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, and 28 moreNeolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Hyksos, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Second Intermediate Period (Egyptology), Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Third Intermediate Period, Middle Bronze Age, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Saite Period, Iron Age, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Forts and garrisons, Fortresses, 1) cultural interconnections and trade (Egypt and Levant), Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Neo Babylonian Empire, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Predynastic Egyptian Trade, Egyptian Temples, Colonialism and Imperialism, and Anthropoid Clay Cofins
"Field VIII Area 2 (2005)" (pp.147-60); "Fosse Y (Field V)" (pp.164-67); "Stratigraphy of Field V, Area 1, Unit A" (pp.210-16); and "II. Tell el-Borg pottery volumes" (pp.502-5): G. Mumford contributions to excavations at New Kingdom forts at Tell el-Borg, Sinai (vol.1 by J. Hoffmeier [ed.] 2014)more
SUMMARY: (1). Field VIII Area 2 (2005) (pp. 147-60): summarizes this writer's findings (as a field supervisor/excavator) at the western end of the southern stretch of a moat that formed a fortification area in mid/late Dynasty 18... more
SUMMARY:
(1). Field VIII Area 2 (2005) (pp. 147-60): summarizes this writer's findings (as a field supervisor/excavator) at the western end of the southern stretch of a moat that formed a fortification area in mid/late Dynasty 18 (preceding an early Ramesside fort that overlay it further to the east). More details and context appear elsewhere within James Hoffmeier's publication on Tell el-Borg.
(2). Fosse Y (Field V)" (pp. 164-67): summarizing this writer's findings (as a field supervisor/excavator), in conjunction with preliminary work by Thomas Davis, in Fosse Y (Field V) of the mid/late Dynasty 18 fortification area and an overlying wall from the early Ramesside fortress (in Unit A, Field V). More details and context appear elsewhere within James Hoffmeier's publication on Tell el-Borg.
(3). Stratigraphy of Field V, Area 1, Unit A (pp. 210-16): summarizing this writer's work (as a field supervisor/excavator) in Unit A (Field V), in conjunction with Thomas Davis' initial work in this unit, regarding the exposure of part of an early Ramesside forts wall and the underlying, preceding layers, its foundation trench, the adjacent contemporary strata, and later layers and mud brick remains. More details and context appear elsewhere within James Hoffmeier's publication on Tell el-Borg.
(4). II. Tell el-Borg pottery volumes" (pp. 502-5): providing this writer's measurements and related data for the interior volumes and weights for 17 intact, and virtually intact, New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age pottery containers that include six Canaanite amphorae (nos. 1 and 4-6, 9-10), three Western Desert Oasis ware amphorae (nos. 2-3, 11), a zir-type vessel (no. 7), two Egyptian marl D amphorae (nos. 8, 12), two Beer jars (nos. 13-14), and three Nile silt jars (nos. 15-17). More details and context appear elsewhere within James Hoffmeier's publication on Tell el-Borg, and in R. Hummel and C. Duff's chapters on Egyptian and Canaanite pottery (including illustrations of the measured pottery vessels).
(1). Field VIII Area 2 (2005) (pp. 147-60): summarizes this writer's findings (as a field supervisor/excavator) at the western end of the southern stretch of a moat that formed a fortification area in mid/late Dynasty 18 (preceding an early Ramesside fort that overlay it further to the east). More details and context appear elsewhere within James Hoffmeier's publication on Tell el-Borg.
(2). Fosse Y (Field V)" (pp. 164-67): summarizing this writer's findings (as a field supervisor/excavator), in conjunction with preliminary work by Thomas Davis, in Fosse Y (Field V) of the mid/late Dynasty 18 fortification area and an overlying wall from the early Ramesside fortress (in Unit A, Field V). More details and context appear elsewhere within James Hoffmeier's publication on Tell el-Borg.
(3). Stratigraphy of Field V, Area 1, Unit A (pp. 210-16): summarizing this writer's work (as a field supervisor/excavator) in Unit A (Field V), in conjunction with Thomas Davis' initial work in this unit, regarding the exposure of part of an early Ramesside forts wall and the underlying, preceding layers, its foundation trench, the adjacent contemporary strata, and later layers and mud brick remains. More details and context appear elsewhere within James Hoffmeier's publication on Tell el-Borg.
(4). II. Tell el-Borg pottery volumes" (pp. 502-5): providing this writer's measurements and related data for the interior volumes and weights for 17 intact, and virtually intact, New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age pottery containers that include six Canaanite amphorae (nos. 1 and 4-6, 9-10), three Western Desert Oasis ware amphorae (nos. 2-3, 11), a zir-type vessel (no. 7), two Egyptian marl D amphorae (nos. 8, 12), two Beer jars (nos. 13-14), and three Nile silt jars (nos. 15-17). More details and context appear elsewhere within James Hoffmeier's publication on Tell el-Borg, and in R. Hummel and C. Duff's chapters on Egyptian and Canaanite pottery (including illustrations of the measured pottery vessels).
Research Interests: Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, Military Architechture, and 15 moreFortified Settlements (Archaeology), New Kingdom (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Fortifications, Egyptian Pottery, Sinai, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, New Kingdom Egyptian Warfare, Pottery Volume, Forts, and North Sinai
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH (minus endnotes): During the Third Intermediate Period through Late Period, and possibly as early as the New Kingdom, a settlement formed at Tell Tebilla, near the mouth of a now defunct channel of the Mendesian... more
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH (minus endnotes): During the Third Intermediate Period through Late Period, and possibly as early as the New Kingdom, a settlement formed at Tell Tebilla, near the mouth of a now defunct channel of the Mendesian branch of the Nile and beside a probable coastal embayment in Egypt’s northeast delta (fig. 1). The coincidence of an outlet for a substantial Nile delta river branch, a natural protected coastal harbour, and the delta’s lush marshland vegetation, clarifies both Tebilla’s ancient name Ro-nefer (“beautiful mouth”) and the site’s initial foundation and prosperity as a riverine and maritime port for the inland provincial capital at Mendes (Tell Rub’a), 12 km to the south along the same river branch. The town apparently flourished in the Saite period (Dynasty 26); it may have been revitalized in Dynasty 29, when Mendes briefly became a national capital, and its coastal port at Ro-nefer (Tebilla) presumably rose in importance. Dynasty 30 marks a peak in the temple’s importance, with the construction of a new massive enclosure wall that may have been levelled during the Second Persian occupation in 342 B.C. Although a few Ptolemaic inscriptions elsewhere attest to the continued existence of a temple at Ro-nefer, there is virtually no surviving evidence from Tebilla for occupation during this time. By the early Roman period the coastal embayment became a closed lagoon (Lake Manzaleh), the Mendesian river soon dried up, and Tebilla became a land-locked and abandoned town beside emerging marshland (Daqhelieh Plain).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 25 moreCross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Ports and Harbours, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Coffins/Sarcophagi (Egyptology), East Greek Pottery, Ancient Egyptian Pottery, Osiris, Nectanebo II, Ancient Bronze Statuary, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Ports, Phoenician Pottery, Mediterranean archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Iron Age, Votive offerings, Nile Delta archaeology, Horus, Osiris cult, Maritime trade, Ancient Egyptian non-royal tombs, Ancient Ports and Harbours, Atef Crown, Egyptian Temples, Nectanebo I, Anthropoid Clay Cofins, and Apis bull
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Urban Planning, and 11 moreSatellite remote sensing, Settlement archaeology, Roman Architecture, Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, Ancient Harbors, Nile Delta archaeology, Ancient Ports and Harbours, Roman Archaeology, Egyptian Temples, Archaeology Taposiris, and Hippodrome
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Border Studies, and 19 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Societal Collapse, Fortifications, Borders and Frontiers, Red Sea, Sinai, Red Sea archaeology, ancient Red sea ports, Archaeology of Societal Collapse, Turquoise, Ancient harbours and anchorages, Copper Smelting, collapse of the Old Kingdom, Maritime trade, Forts, and Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Maritime Archaeology, and 24 moreLevantine Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, Cross-Cultural Studies, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Fortifications, Red Sea, Archaeology of shell middens, Sinai, Crabs, Turtles, Fish Trade, Tortoises, Red Sea archaeology, ancient Red sea ports, Sea Urchins, Turquoise, Votive offerings, Ancient harbours and anchorages, Copper Smelting, Maritime trade, and Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: Ancient Egyptian settlements have generally received much less attention than monumental tombs and temples, but a picture of Egypt’s urban landscape is beginning to emerge (Fattovich 1999: 857–8). Despite the... more
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: Ancient Egyptian settlements have generally received much less attention than monumental tombs and temples, but a picture of Egypt’s urban landscape is beginning to emerge (Fattovich 1999: 857–8). Despite the patchwork nature of surviving and excavated villages (New Kingdom whyt), towns (dmiw), and cities (niwt), the archaeological and textual-pictorial sources are sufficient to reveal the distribution, layout, architecture, and development of diverse settlement types and buildings across the Pharaonic landscape. The ultimate subdivision of the Nile floodplain into administrative districts (nomes) focused upon and transformed major settlements and their satellite communities. These nomes straddled stretches of land that lay on either side of the Nile or between Delta river branches (Butzer 1976). Their individual status, size, economy, prosperity, ethnic composition, and cross-cultural relations relied largely on their location and proximity to diverse resources, trade routes, and neighbouring nations and peoples (e.g., Eastern Desert Bedouin, Nubia, Libya, Syria-Palestine). Settlement types and structures varied widely, including royal and provincial capitals, provincial towns and villages, specialized communities, funerary cults, cultic centres, border fortifications, way-stations, mining and quarry camps, and garrison posts and other installations in foreign territories.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Landscape Archaeology, Border Studies, and 22 moreLandscape Architecture, Urban History, Egyptian Archaeology, Urban Planning, Settlement Patterns, Village Studies, Architectural History, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, Egypt and Canaan, Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Settlement archaeology, History of architecture, Fortifications, Imperialism, Borders and Frontiers, Forts and garrisons, Egypt and Nubia, Western Desert of Egypt, Ancient Architecture and Construction History, Ancient domestic architecture, Egyptian Eastern Desert, and Colonialism and Imperialism
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: 21st century archaeology faces many challenges as field archaeologists balance traditional, current and emerging concepts and techniques regarding site selection, excavation, recording, conservation, and analysis,... more
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: 21st century archaeology faces many challenges as field archaeologists balance traditional, current and emerging concepts and techniques regarding site selection, excavation, recording, conservation, and analysis, regarding both individual artifacts and their broader matrix in mortuary through occupation contexts. This chapter outlines the broad range of traditional through current approaches to artifacts and their contexts, and incorporates selected issues and potential solutions for future archaeology. Like many fields of study, the archaeology of diverse study areas/periods (e.g., Egyptology; Classics; Mesoamerica) has splintered into numerous specialties (e.g., Egyptian archaeology; Egyptian language) and sub-specialties (e.g., Old Kingdom Egypt; New Kingdom pottery). Such experts also rely on other fields and specialists for input (e.g., geology; paleobotany; zooarchaeology). This increasing diversification has challenged archaeologists to communicate more effectively amongst themselves and with other disciplines, especially in cross-cultural studies and broader global issues in the past (e.g., the 4.2 K BP event: a global climatic change that affected world cultures differently around 2,200 BC). Current through future generations of archaeologists must now deal with an ever growing and indispensable tool kit of varying expertise’s, technologies, and analytical tools, to anticipate, remain competitive, and deal effectively with seemingly infinite field-specific through site/period-specific requirements. Archaeology also faces such major and increasing obstacles: global warming, population growth, a world-wide economic recession, political turmoil, urbanization, agricultural expansion, site destruction, and looting. These and other factors impact archaeological remains, whether through the exposure of previously submerged and naturally protected waterlogged sites, or the targeting of sites for looting and destruction (e.g., March 2001 destruction of the Bamiyan Buddha’s; 2003 looting of the Iraqi National Museum in Baghdad).
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This brief communication re-assesses the identification with Horemheb of a prenomen on a votive found at Serabit el-Khadim. It concludes that until a re-assessment of the original votive can be undertaken, the ROM card... more
ABSTRACT: This brief communication re-assesses the identification with Horemheb of a prenomen on a votive found at Serabit el-Khadim. It concludes that until a re-assessment of the original votive can be undertaken, the ROM card transcription of the prenomen is best equated with Sety II.
Research Interests:
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: To-date, there has been a greater focus on Egypto-Asiatic relations in the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1550–1150 BC) than during much of the succeeding Iron Age to early Persian periods (ca. 1150–525 BC). In regards to... more
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: To-date, there has been a greater focus on Egypto-Asiatic relations in the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1550–1150 BC) than during much of the succeeding Iron Age to early Persian periods (ca. 1150–525 BC). In regards to the Iron Age, the first few centuries of which have sometimes been labeled a “Dark Age,” most studies have relied more upon textual-pictorial evidence and have yet to explore the full potential offered by the extant archaeological record, especially regarding the quantification and analysis of diverse data. Although this deficiency is related to less pertinent archaeological and textual evidence having survived from the Iron Age, sufficient data remain to clarify diverse aspects of Egypt’s relations with the Levant. The following paper addresses these issues, summarizing and augmenting the Iron Age portion of this writer’s Ph.D. dissertation (1998) and related research.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, International Trade, and 22 moreLevantine Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), New Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Third Intermediate Period, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Assyrian Empire, Ramesside Period, Imperialism, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Neo Babylonian Empire, Iron Age Levant, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Ramesses IX, Phoenician trade, Iron Age IIA (Levant), Shishak Sheshonk Shoshenk Shoshenq, Bronze Age Collapse, Ramesses X, and Kushite and Saite Periods
ABSTRACT: Our current understanding of Egypt's New Kingdom relations with the Sinai and Levant relies heavily upon the extant textual-pictorial record. It has mostly neglected the full potential of the archaeological record, even during... more
ABSTRACT: Our current understanding of Egypt's New Kingdom relations with the Sinai and Levant relies heavily upon the extant textual-pictorial record. It has mostly neglected the full potential of the archaeological record, even during periods of relatively few contemporary pertinent, historical sources. This paper summarizes and updates results from this writer’s doctoral dissertation, quantifying the nature, proportions, and spatial and temporal distributions of Egyptian and Egyptianizing artefacts from occupation, mortuary and cultic assemblages in the Sinai (featuring a New Kingdom temple of Hathor and Sopdu at Serabit el-Khadim, and a small Hathor shrine in the southern Arabah [Negev]) and 21 selected Levantine sites. This data is balanced by an assessment of the dispersal of New Kingdom royal-name items and monuments throughout the Near East, and textual-pictorial sources recording the nature and dispatch of Egyptian products and personnel to the Levant. The overall Egyptian(izing) artefact proportions from individual and combined contexts at Levantine sites display peaks in Egyptian activity in LB 1B (1450-1400 B.C.) and late LB 2B to Iron 1A (1250-1150 B.C.), with a definite decline in early-mid Iron 1B (late Ramesside period).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 17 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Red Sea, Sinai, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Hathor, Turquoise, Votive Deposit, Votive offerings, Foreign Trade, Ancient Imperialism, Egyptian Temples, and Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai
ABSTRACT: El-Markha Plain is a key coastal region providing an anchorage for Egyptian expeditions traveling to the copper and turquoise mining region in South Sinai. The University of Toronto expedition investigated a mound at Ras Budran... more
ABSTRACT: El-Markha Plain is a key coastal region providing an anchorage for Egyptian expeditions traveling to the copper and turquoise mining region in South Sinai. The University of Toronto expedition investigated a mound at Ras Budran and uncovered a late Old Kingdom, circular stone structure. It represents one of three Egyptian “forts” identified from the Early Dynastic through Old Kingdom period and augments two published Old Kingdom sites in South Sinai. It clarifies and underscores the perceived dangers in and the importance of South Sinai to Egyptian mining expeditions during this period. It displays an unusual circular design for an ancient Egyptian structure and an uncommon application of stone to a “fort”. Its construction, occupation, possible destruction, and abandonment reflect contemporary late Old Kingdom records for Egyptian campaigns against Asiatic “Sand-dwellers” and a Bedouin massacre of an Egyptian expedition beside the Red Sea. The site illuminates multiple aspects of a period associated with the Old Kingdom’s “collapse” and the activities and cross-cultural interactions of a transitory garrison on Egypt’s eastern frontier.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 24 moreBorder Studies, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, Military Architechture, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, Fortifications, Borders and Frontiers, Red Sea, Copper extraction and production, Forts and garrisons, Sinai, Fortresses, Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant, Red Sea archaeology, ancient Red sea ports, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, Turquoise, Ancient harbours and anchorages, collapse of the Old Kingdom, Predynastic Egyptian Trade, Forts, and Red Sea Trade
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 19 moreBorder Studies, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, Cross-Cultural Studies, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Fortifications, Borders and Frontiers, Red Sea, Copper extraction and production, Sinai, Fortresses, Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant, Red Sea archaeology, ancient Red sea ports, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, Turquoise, Ancient harbours and anchorages, and Red Sea Trade
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: The archaeozoological evidence that is available for the trade of fish in the Eastern Mediterranean area is summarized. This overview covers the Chalcolithic to the Crusader period and is based on data from 76 sites compiled... more
ABSTRACT: The archaeozoological evidence that is available for the trade of fish in the Eastern Mediterranean area is summarized. This overview covers the Chalcolithic to the Crusader period and is based on data from 76 sites compiled from the literature and from as yet unpublished material under study by the authors. Remains of fish from the Nile, the Mediterranean and the Red Sea are regularly found in archaeological sites that are located outside the natural distribution of the fish species and thus indicate that they were transported as items of trade or exchange. Evidence for trade of Anatolian freshwater fish is also documented. The fish bone finds are discussed according to their provenance and the regions to which they were transported, and an attempt is made, on the basis of archaeological, artefactual and --if available-- textual evidence, to understand the diachronic changes in the distribution within the broader economic and political contexts of the areas involved in the production and the consumption of fish.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Egyptology, Maritime Archaeology, Zooarchaeology, and 38 moreInternational Trade, Archaeozoology, Aegeo-Egyptian relations, Medieval Archaeology, Crusader Archaeology, Byzantine Archaeology, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Coptic (Archaeology), Roman Trade Networks, Cultural interrelations in the eastern Mediterranean from the BA to the EIA, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Foreign Relations and Cross-Cultural contact, Fishing, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Byzantine trade, Ichthyoarchaeology, Middle Bronze Age Period relations with Egypt, Fish-Salting, foreign relations during ancient Egypt's Middle Kingdom, ancient Red sea ports, Nile Tilapia, Catfish, Sea Urchins, Molluscs in Archaeology, Aegean Archaeology Anatolian Archaeology Egyptian Archaeology Levantine Archaeology, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Clariidae, Iron Age trade, Synodontis, Nile Perch, Hellenistic trade, Predynastic Egyptian Trade, Neolithic Trading Links, Ancient Incense Trade, Red Sea Trade, Cyprus Egypt, and Trade Networks In the Middle and Late Bronze Age
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: The overall objectives of the University of Toronto expedition to South Sinai include tracing pharaonic routes and camps en route to the turquoise and copper mining region, investigating pharaonic and indigenous... more
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: The overall objectives of the University of Toronto expedition to South Sinai include tracing pharaonic routes and camps en route to the turquoise and copper mining region, investigating pharaonic and indigenous camps, mines, and their material culture assemblages in this region, and assessing Egypto-Sinaitic cross-cultural relations within this region. The 2000-2001 reconnaissance work and 2002 excavations in South Sinai focussed on Site 346, a New Kingdom anchorage and copper smelting camp beside the Red Sea, located at the northern end of El-Markha Plain and west of the mining region around Serabit el-Khadim. A topographic map was generated for Site 346 and this mound yielded a limited repertoire of pottery, copper furnaces, copper nodules, and crucible fragments, grinding stones and pounders, lithics, some faience beads, marine shells, urchin spines, and fish bones. A surface survey revealed two contemporary, small pottery scatters (Sites 346a-b) two km to the south. The project also investigated a circular, limestone structure (Site 345), 1.7 km to the south of 346. In addition, the project has incorporated satellite image interpretation to isolate vegetation signatures and associated water sources within the arid environment of El-Markha Plain, thereby detecting potential archaeological sites for ground reconnaissance work. This report concentrates mainly on the results of the 2000-2001 reconnaissance, but incorporates some preliminary results from the 2002 excavations.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 22 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Maritime Routes, Satellite Remote Sensing (Archaeology), Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Ancient Egyptian History, Copper extraction and production, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Sinai, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Red Sea archaeology, ancient Red sea ports, Turquoise, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Ancient harbours and anchorages, Egypt, Sinai, Bedouin, collapse of the Old Kingdom, Predynastic Egyptian Trade, and Red Sea Trade
Research Interests: Archaeology, Egyptology, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Third Intermediate Period, Roman Egypt, and 9 moreCoffins/Sarcophagi (Egyptology), Ancient Egyptian Statuary, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Nile Delta archaeology, Osiris cult, Ancient Egyptian non-royal tombs, Archeological Prospection, Magnetometry, Egyptian Temples, and Ancient Egyptian Cemeteries
Research Interests: Archaeology, Urban History, Architectural History, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Third Intermediate Period, and 13 moreRoman Egypt, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Settlement archaeology, Egyptian Sarcophagi, Osiris, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Ports, Nile Delta archaeology, Egyptian Faience, Osiris cult, Ancient Egyptian non-royal tombs, Egyptian Temples, and Anthropoid Clay Cofins
ABSTRACT: A satellite remote sensing survey of el-Markha plain assessing areas of vegetation (NDVI), water sources, and other features, with a subsequent ground-truthing mission to investigate promising areas for ancient through more... more
ABSTRACT: A satellite remote sensing survey of el-Markha plain assessing areas of vegetation (NDVI), water sources, and other features, with a subsequent ground-truthing mission to investigate promising areas for ancient through more recent habitation and exploitation. The investigation yielded mixed results owing to the introduction of more recent, piped water and irrigation into several parts of this otherwise fairly barren plain, but did produce a few areas with traces of past/ancient activity and seasonal settlement.
Research Interests: Landscape Ecology, Archaeology, Egyptology, Landscape Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 9 moreCultural Landscapes, Survey Methodology, Satellite remote sensing, Archaeological Prospection, Archaeological survey, Sinai, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Red Sea archaeology, and Turquoise
ABSTRACT: A preliminary report on the excavations in part of a First Intermediate Period house at Mendes (northeast Delta) that contained evidence for destruction by a fire, and a later, large pit dating to the Third Intermediate Period... more
ABSTRACT: A preliminary report on the excavations in part of a First Intermediate Period house at Mendes (northeast Delta) that contained evidence for destruction by a fire, and a later, large pit dating to the Third Intermediate Period pit that cut through some of the debris and a wall of this house. The pit yielded an intact wine jar, clay balls, and other refuse (e.g., part of an animal carcass).
Research Interests: Archaeology, Egyptology, Pottery (Archaeology), Egyptian Archaeology, Third Intermediate Period, and 9 moreAmphorae (Archaeology), Settlement archaeology, Archaeology of destruction, Egyptian Pottery, First Intermediate Period, Ancient Egyptian Settlement Archaeology, Nile Delta archaeology, collapse of the Old Kingdom, and Clay balls from ancient Egypt
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH (minus references): A fort is often defined as a ‘fortified building,’ or ‘fortified position,’ while military historians distinguish three basic types: a refuge (place of retreat), a stronghold (essentially a... more
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH (minus references): A fort is often defined as a ‘fortified building,’ or ‘fortified position,’ while military historians distinguish three basic types: a refuge (place of retreat), a stronghold (essentially a center securing an area), and strategic defenses (an integrated line of fortifications controlling a broad region or frontier). The materials, designs, sizes, population (“garrison”), aims/functions, and locations of fortifications vary widely throughout Antiquity, while innovations over time are closely related to geographical location (i.e., landscape), changing socio-political and economic circumstances, means, and needs, and advances in and adaptations against military technology, siege tactics, and other strategies. This entry covers Egyptian fortifications from the late Predynastic through pharaonic periods (ca. 4,000–332 BCE).
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 20 moreStrategy (Military Science), Architecture, Landscape Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, Architectural History, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, Prehistoric Fortification (Archaeology), Fortified Settlements (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, Fortifications, Borders and Frontiers, Sinai, Fortresses, 1) cultural interconnections and trade (Egypt and Levant), Fortification, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Castles and Fortifications, Forts, and Colonialism and Imperialism
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Oxford Biblical Studies Online: “Sinai Peninsula,” in www.oxfordbiblicalstudies.com
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ABSTRACT: A summary of the discoveries at and nature of the late Dynasty 18, capital city of Akhetaten (Tell el-Amarna), built by Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) between years 5-9, and occupied for almost two decades before its abandonment and... more
ABSTRACT: A summary of the discoveries at and nature of the late Dynasty 18, capital city of Akhetaten (Tell el-Amarna), built by Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) between years 5-9, and occupied for almost two decades before its abandonment and dismantlement of its temples. The main central city featured such things as a north-south royal road, a major state palace (along the riverfront originally), an overpass leading to the king's in-town residence, an Aten temple for the king's usage with a small, royal mortuary (i.e., "memorial") shrine, a massive major Aten temple, offices (e.g., correspondence), structures facilitating the military and police (including stables and training facilities), and various workshops and artist studios to the immediate south. Suburbs lay north and south; other palaces, wealthy homes and desert altars lay to the north; private rock-cut tombs lay north and south; the royal tombs lay to the east; a workmen's village, shrines, stone village, and cemeteries lay to the east.
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INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: The Amarna Letters span the reigns of Amenhotep III (year 30+), Akhenaten, Smenkhkare, and Tutankhamun (years 1-2), ca. 1360-1335/4 BC in late Dynasty 18, and form a corpus of at least 382 foreign communications,... more
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: The Amarna Letters span the reigns of Amenhotep III (year 30+), Akhenaten, Smenkhkare, and Tutankhamun (years 1-2), ca. 1360-1335/4 BC in late Dynasty 18, and form a corpus of at least 382 foreign communications, diverse texts (e.g., myths and epics; syllabaries; lexical texts; a god-list; a Hurrian tale), and draft copies of correspondence between Egypt, its Syro-Palestinian vassals, and neighbouring states (Alašia [Cyprus]; Mittani [Syria]; Hatti; Arzawa [western Anatolia]; Assyria; Babylonia). These texts occur on small, baked clay tablets using mainly Hurro-Akkadian and “Babylonian” cuneiform, the international lingua franca during the Late Bronze Age. Most were discovered in 1887-8 by farmers at el-Amarna (Egypt), while subsequent excavation in and near Akhenaten’s records’ office (“The Place of the Letters of the Pharaoh”) produced 34 letters. Although 150-200 letters may remain lost, the majority eventually appeared in private and museum collections. Other similar letters have been found in the Levant at Tel el-Hesi, Tel Aphek, Taanach, Ras Shamra (Ugarit), and Boghazköy (Hattusas: Ramesside correspondence).
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Diplomatic History, Egyptology, Near Eastern Studies, and 19 moreImperial History, Cross-Cultural Studies, Akkadian Language, Gift Giving (Economic Anthropology), Amarna Letters, Egypt and Canaan, New Kingdom (Egyptology), History of Diplomacy, Gift Giving, Late Bronze Age, Mitanni, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Diplomatic marriage, Amenhotep III, Mitanni- Egypt, Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Levant and Aegean Sea, Dowry, Expressing Gratitude and Appreciation and Greeting, and Shasu
ABSTRACT: A brief introduction to both rulers and their time period followed by two separate overviews summarizing the reigns of Amenhotep II and Amenhotep III during the early-mid Dynasty 18 in the Egyptian New Kingdom. Each reign... more
ABSTRACT: A brief introduction to both rulers and their time period followed by two separate overviews summarizing the reigns of Amenhotep II and Amenhotep III during the early-mid Dynasty 18 in the Egyptian New Kingdom. Each reign summary is accompanied by a selected bibliographies suggesting further readings for each ruler.
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ABSTRACT: This encyclopedia entry contains a summary of Egyptian and Levantine relations with the Sinai Peninsula during (a) the late Predynastic to Early Dynastic, (b) the Old Kingdom, (c) Middle Kingdom, (d) New Kingdom, (e) Late... more
ABSTRACT: This encyclopedia entry contains a summary of Egyptian and Levantine relations with the Sinai Peninsula during (a) the late Predynastic to Early Dynastic, (b) the Old Kingdom, (c) Middle Kingdom, (d) New Kingdom, (e) Late Period, and (f) Greco-Roman periods. It focuses mainly on South Sinai and North Sinai, but also includes the Negev and southern Arabah, providing a summary of both historical and archaeological evidence for pharaonic, Levantine, and Near Eastern activities within and across these regions. An annotated, selected bibliography appears at the end of this entry.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Cross-Cultural Studies, and 19 moreCross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Cross-Cultural Interaction (History), Egypt and Canaan, Exodus, Red Sea, Sinai, Fortresses, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, foreign relations during ancient Egypt's Middle Kingdom, Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, Hathor, Turquoise, Proto Sinaitic, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Votive offerings, Egyptian fortresses, Old Kingdom Archaeology, Predynastic Egyptian Trade, and Ancient Incense Trade
ABSTRACT: This encyclopedia entry summarizes the relations between Egypt and the Mediterranean area from the late Predynastic through Dynasty 20 (ca. 3,500-1,069 BCE), subdividing these cross-cultural relations into (a) the late... more
ABSTRACT: This encyclopedia entry summarizes the relations between Egypt and the Mediterranean area from the late Predynastic through Dynasty 20 (ca. 3,500-1,069 BCE), subdividing these cross-cultural relations into (a) the late Predynastic-Early Dynastic, (b) Old Kingdom, (c) First Intermediate Period, (d) Middle Kingdom, (e) Second Intermediate Period, (f) Early 18th Dynasty, (g) mid-18th Dynasty, (h) late 18th Dynasty, (I) 19th Dynasty, (j) early 20th Dynasty, (k) the Sea Peoples, and (l) late 20th Dynasty. This study is further subdivided within each of these twelve time blocks, by summarizing Egypt's varying indirect and/or direct relations with Cyprus, Anatolia, and the Aegean, and in-turn each of these regions' fluctuating relations with Egypt, including both the material culture (i.e., artifacts; art; architecture) and the textual-pictorial records. A summary table provides broad synchronisms between the chronology and periods in Egypt with those used in Cyprus, the Levant and Anatolia, Crete (Minoan), the Aegean islands (Cyclades/Cycladic Ages), and mainland Greece (Hellas/Helladic Ages; Mycenaean LB Age). An annotated, selected bibliography appears at the end of this entry.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 29 moreCross-Cultural Studies, Aegean Egyptian Interrelatlations, Hyksos, Second Intermediate Period (Egyptology), Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Cultural interrelations in the eastern Mediterranean from the BA to the EIA, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Middle Bronze Age, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, the Sea Peoples, XIX - XX Dynasty in Egypt, the Hittites, the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Medittaranean, Late Bronze Age, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Cyprus and the East Mediterranean, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, egyptian and aegean archaeology, trade, Keftiu, Aegean Archaeology, Mediterranean Archeology, the island of Crete, Early Iron Age Aegean and Anatolia, Sea Peoples, Late Chalcolithic, foreign relations during ancient Egypt's Middle Kingdom, Old Kingdom reliefs, Minoan Mycenaean economy and administration, Minoan Crete, Bronze Age Interconnections, Aegean Archaeology Anatolian Archaeology Egyptian Archaeology Levantine Archaeology, Cyprus Archaeology, and Predynastic Egyptian Trade
ABSTRACT: This encyclopedia entry summarizes relations between Egypt and Syria-Palestine from the late Predynastic through Dynasty 20 (ca. 3,500-1,069 BCE), subdividing the cross-cultural relations into (a) Late Predynastic (EB I), (b)... more
ABSTRACT: This encyclopedia entry summarizes relations between Egypt and Syria-Palestine from the late Predynastic through Dynasty 20 (ca. 3,500-1,069 BCE), subdividing the cross-cultural relations into (a) Late Predynastic (EB I), (b) Early Dynastic (EB II), (c) Old Kingdom (EB III), (d) First Intermediate Period (EB IV / MB I), (e) Middle Kingdom (MB IIA), (f) late Middle Kingdom (MB IIB), (g) Second Intermediate Period (MB IIC), (h) Early Dynasty 18 (MB IIC-LB IA), (I) mid-Dynasty 18 (LB 1B), (j) late Dynasty 18 (LB 2A), (k) Dynasty 19 (LB 2B), (l) early Dynasty 20 (Iron 1A), (m) the New Kingdom in general (Dynasties 18-20), and (n) late Dynasty 20 (Iron 1B). This study is further subdivided within each of these fourteen time blocks, by summarizing Egypt's varying indirect and/or direct relations with Syria-Palestine, and in-turn this region and the Near East's fluctuating relations with Egypt, including both the material culture (i.e., artifacts; art; architecture) and the textual-pictorial records. An annotated, selected bibliography appears at the end of this entry.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, and 22 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Cross-Cultural Studies, Hyksos, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Second Intermediate Period (Egyptology), Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, Egypt and Canaan, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Foreign Relations and Cross-Cultural contact, Late Bronze Age, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), 1) cultural interconnections and trade (Egypt and Levant), Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Middle Bronze Age Period relations with Egypt, Sea Peoples, Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Predynastic Egyptian Trade, and Colonialism and Imperialism
ABSTRACT: This encyclopedia entry contains a summary of the explorations and findings at Serabit el-Khadim spanning 1762 to the 1990s, including Predynastic, pharaonic, and later activity at nearby sites such as several Chalcolithic to... more
ABSTRACT: This encyclopedia entry contains a summary of the explorations and findings at Serabit el-Khadim spanning 1762 to the 1990s, including Predynastic, pharaonic, and later activity at nearby sites such as several Chalcolithic to Early Bronze I-II camp sites, Old Kingdom and Middle Kingdom activity at Wadi Kharig (another pharaonic mining site), and Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom activity at Wadi Nasb (e.g., copper slag heaps; texts) and Rod el-'Air (a rest stop with graffiti, en-route to the plateau top at Serabit). Mention is also made of pharaonic activity at Tell er-Retabeh, Serapeum(?), Gebel Abu Hassa, Gebel Mourr, Kom el-Qulzoum, and perhaps Ain Moussa, en-route to South Sinai. In addition, this article details the various periods and reigns of activities attested in the turquoise mines, quarries, shrines, and Hathor-and-Sopdu Temple at Serabit el-Khadim, the types of votive offerings in the temple, and the evidence for New Kingdom copper working from a few caves (i.e., mining galleries). The narrative is accompanied by a temple plan (fig. 102) showing the distribution of individual monuments and structures installed by thirty-nine Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom rulers at Serabit el-Khadim (each monument is coded to indicate whether it is a pylon text, wall block, pillar, Hathor column, lintel, stela, altar, or statuette, while known year dates are placed beside each item).
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 17 moreCross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), New Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Glass, Copper extraction and production, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Mycenaean pottery, Sinai, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, foreign relations during ancient Egypt's Middle Kingdom, Turquoise, Votive offerings, Copper Smelting, Egyptian Temples, Cypriot Pottery, Tell El-Yahudiyeh Ware, and Proto-sinaitic Inscriptions
ABSTRACT: This encyclopedia entry contains a summary of the explorations and findings at Wadi Maghara in South Sinai, spanning its rediscovery in 1809 to the 1980s. Pharaonic activity begins in the Old Kingdom, including Dynasty 3-6... more
ABSTRACT: This encyclopedia entry contains a summary of the explorations and findings at Wadi Maghara in South Sinai, spanning its rediscovery in 1809 to the 1980s. Pharaonic activity begins in the Old Kingdom, including Dynasty 3-6 private and royal rock-cut texts (Djoser; Sanakht; Sekhemkhet; Sneferu; Khufu; Sahure; Nyussere; Menkauhor; Djedkare-Isesi; Pepi I; Pepi II), associated mining galleries (e.g., some portraying pharaoh smiting Bedouin chiefs: Mntjw, etc.), waste heaps, rock shelters on a hilltop, and various artifacts. The Middle Kingdom activity yielded several structures, reuse of the hilltop settlement, and mining galleries and inscriptions dating to Amenemhet III-IV, and private texts. Minimal New Kingdom activity is attested, such as a text of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III, and a lost one ascribed to Ramesses II, while a Proto-Sinaitic text and Armenian pilgrim inscription were found at Wadi Maghara. This entry includes a summary distribution map (fig. 129) showing the location of various royal texts, the settlements, and other remains arranged in chronological sequence.
Research Interests: Mining Engineering, History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 14 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Cross-Cultural Studies, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Copper extraction and production, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Sinai, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Thoth, Hathor, Sea Urchins, Turquoise, Proto Sinaitic, Fortified Architecture, and Egyptian mining
Research Interests: Ancient History, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), and 12 moreCross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Fortifications, Red Sea, Sinai, Fortresses, Red Sea archaeology, Ancient Egyptian Pottery, ancient Red sea ports, Turquoise, Ancient harbours and anchorages, Stone Masonry Walls, and collapse of the Old Kingdom
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Osiris, Nectanebo II, and 12 moreLate Period in ancient Egypt, Temple Ritual (Ancient Egypt), Votive Deposit, Votive offerings, Nile Delta archaeology, Horus, Osiris cult, Atef Crown, Egyptian Temples, Nectanebo I, Apis bull, and Osiris figures
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ABSTRACT: This overview first provides a two-page broad background summarizing the late prehistory through recent periods in the Sinai, including the Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Ptolemaic-Roman period, and the Byzantine through... more
ABSTRACT: This overview first provides a two-page broad background summarizing the late prehistory through recent periods in the Sinai, including the Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Ptolemaic-Roman period, and the Byzantine through Coptic-Islamic periods, with a focus on the exploitation of and other activities in this region: e.g., pharaonic copper and turquoise mining; transit and trade routes; the Red Sea canal; fortifications; Christian hermits, settlements, and pilgrimages to the Monastery of St. Catherine; Crusaders and Saladin; and broader activities. The second half of the article provides a narrower summary of the initial excavations and findings in el-Markha Plain in Southwest Sinai (fig. 2), including a "New Kingdom" copper smelting site (later redated to mostly the Middle Kingdom) (fig. 3) at site 346 ("Tell Markha") and the initial survey of a possible "Mamluk" circular stone fort/watchtower (later redated to the late Old Kingdom) at site 345 (Tell "Ras Budran") (figs. 4-5). Despite the later redating of both sites (see more recent articles), this part of the article summarizes and illustrates some of the findings from each site.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Mamluk Studies, Military Architecture, and 17 moreByzantine Studies, Crusader Archaeology, Graeco-Roman Egypt, Ptolemaic Egyptian History, Roman Egypt, Fortifications, Red Sea, Copper extraction and production, Sinai, Fortresses, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Red Sea archaeology, Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, ancient Red sea ports, Turquoise, Red Sea Trade, and Christian Sinai
Research Interests: Sinai and Red Sea Trade
ABSTRACT: The summer 2001 excavation season at Tell Tebilla (Ancient Ro-nefer), in the northeast Delta (Egypt), shifted focus to the northern part of the site (fig. 1), examining a few chambers in a buried two-and-a-half storey late Third... more
ABSTRACT: The summer 2001 excavation season at Tell Tebilla (Ancient Ro-nefer), in the northeast Delta (Egypt), shifted focus to the northern part of the site (fig. 1), examining a few chambers in a buried two-and-a-half storey late Third Intermediate Period to early Late Period structure (ca. 7th to 6th century B.C.) containing burials (figs. 4-5), the upper part of a chamber in a Saite period mastaba (ca. 656-525 B.C.) (fig. 3) with mud-encased bodies with one painted casing, and a survey of the ex-situ temple and other blocks on the mound's surface, in the adjacent water filtration plant and fields, and along the edge of the neighbouring village (Ezbet et-Tell). An attempt was made to provide a hypothetical reconstruction of the minimum dimensions and design of the temple (fig. 2) based upon the extant types and sizes of architectural pieces, including wall block widths, column base sizes, paving blocks and drainage channels, naoi types, and other evidence (e.g., contemporary typical Third Intermediate Period to Late Period temple designs). The summary also provides an account of the ex-situ sarcophagi and other findings from the surface of the site, including a sherd from a Tell el-Yahudiyeh vessel, which suggests some sort of activity at this site in the Second Intermediate Period to early Dynasty 18. Some evidence also emerged for Ptolemaic-Roman period disturbances at the site, including digging out some of the large structures/tombs and burials and local glass production (incorporating human bone).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Roman Egypt, and 8 moreAncient Glass, Roman Glass, Glass Technology, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Egyptian Third Intermediate Period, Nile Delta archaeology, Temple architecture, Ancient Egyptian non-royal tombs, and Egyptian Temples
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ABSTRACT: This report summarizes the findings of the summer 2000 excavation season at Tell Tebilla (Ancient Ro-nefer) in the northeast Delta, Egypt (fig. 1), including the results of Dr. Pavlish's coring across the site. The coring at... more
ABSTRACT: This report summarizes the findings of the summer 2000 excavation season at Tell Tebilla (Ancient Ro-nefer) in the northeast Delta, Egypt (fig. 1), including the results of Dr. Pavlish's coring across the site. The coring at Tebilla revealed an apparent 1 meter gap in occupation, presumably reflecting a period when the Mendesian branch of the Nile shifted away from the site, perhaps during the early Middle Kingdom through New Kingdom (i.e., paralleling the gap in pottery observed at the site to-date). The initial excavations focused upon the southern edge of the mound, finding late Third Intermediate Period to Late Period mastaba tombs (fig. 2), burials, and artifacts (figs. 3-5). Some of the bodies yielded traces of bitumen coating. The artifacts included a wide range of local pottery forms, imported pottery containers, and a locally made Judean-type juglet (fig. 5); of special note, the small finds included part of a faience flask with a bull(?) (perhaps an Apis bull, paralleling later finds from this site), a shawabti/shabti fragment, terra cotta figurines, amulets, and jewellery. One of the mastaba structures appears to have been added beside an earlier one, with its foundation trench partly cutting the earlier building. A series of later, probable Roman period graves were placed in the uppermost surviving stratum in this area. A preliminary assessment of one body suggested the presence of leprosy.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Cross-Cultural Studies, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), and 11 moreArchaeology of Mediterranean Trade, History of Leprosy, Egyptian Pottery, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Nile Delta archaeology, Bitumen, Egyptian Faience, Ancient Egyptian non-royal tombs, Roman Archaeology, Ancient Egyptian Amulets, and Shabtis - Shawabtis - Ushebtis
ABSTRACT: This preliminary report summarizes the background research, project objectives, and initial results of a summer 1999 visit to and an initial December 1999 mapping and survey season at Tell Tebilla (ancient Ro-nefer) in the... more
ABSTRACT: This preliminary report summarizes the background research, project objectives, and initial results of a summer 1999 visit to and an initial December 1999 mapping and survey season at Tell Tebilla (ancient Ro-nefer) in the northeast Delta, Egypt. This survey yielded evidence for occupation during the late Old KIngdom to First Intermediate Period, and Third Intermediate Period through Late Period (Dynasties 21-30: ca. 1069 - 343 BC). Past investigations, various artifacts, monuments, and inscribed materials from the mound, plus temple texts elsewhere noting Ro-nefer, attest to a temple dedicated to Osiris-khes and others (e.g., Isis; Horus; Sobek), a possible temple of Sheshonq I (Dynasty 22), poor through elite graves and tombs (e.g., sarcophagi), ex-situ blocks from one or more periods of temple construction, and other activity (e.g., destruction debris). This article also summarizes and illustrates two topographic site maps and some of the surface finds from 1999 (e.g., an inscribed block; a sarcophagus), and a number of past through present discoveries (in the early 1900s and 1999), including the project's observations regarding the potsherds and various features noted in both the adjacent water filtration plant (under construction) and the mound's surface.
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ADDENDUM: The decorated potsherds in question had seemed different (i.e,, from most Blue-painted pottery) to the project ceramicist when this writer began examining and summarizing the decorated pottery to-date from Mendes (in late summer... more
ADDENDUM: The decorated potsherds in question had seemed different (i.e,, from most Blue-painted pottery) to the project ceramicist when this writer began examining and summarizing the decorated pottery to-date from Mendes (in late summer 1992). However, a closer examination of these potsherds has confirmed that they do indeed represent New Kingdom, Blue-painted pottery, which spans the reigns of Amenhotep III through Ramesses IV (i.e., Dynasties mid-18 to early 20), with the Mendes' examples perhaps reflecting some local variants. UPDATE: The New Kingdom date and Blue-painted ware attribution are now confirmed, while the contextual data and other information remain the same.
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: The Sinai Peninsula is a vast region, encompassing around 60,000 square kilometers with hundreds, if not thousands of archaeological sites, only a relative small sample of which have been fully explored. The Sinai attracted... more
SUMMARY: The Sinai Peninsula is a vast region, encompassing around 60,000 square kilometers with hundreds, if not thousands of archaeological sites, only a relative small sample of which have been fully explored. The Sinai attracted people in ancient times and continues to do so today, whether as a dwelling place, an area rich in resources, a defensive zone, a refuge, a holy site, or simply as a land through which merchants, armies, emissaries, and others might travel from one region to another. The papers presented here contribute to a greater understanding and appreciation of the rich heritage of the Sinai Peninsula in its role as a key land bridge between Africa and Asia and as a region important in its own right.
See JAEI vol.7 no.1 for pdf files of each article:
https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/jaei/issue/view/1218.
CONTENTS:
Gregory Mumford, “The Sinai Peninsula and its Environs: Our Changing Perceptions of a Pivotal Land Bridge Between Egypt, the Levant, and Arabia,” pp. 1-24.
Orly Goldwasser and Eliezer Oren, “Marine Units on the "Ways of Horus" in the Days of Seti I,” pp. 25-38.
Hesham Hussein and Elsayed Alim, “The Way(s) of Horus in the Saite Period: Tell El-Kedwa and its Key Location Guarding Egypt's Northeastern Frontier,” pp. 39-51.
Gregory Mumford and Rexine Hummel, “Preliminary Findings at a Late Old Kingdom Fort in South Sinai, Including the Pottery, from the 2008 Season,” pp. 52-82.
Sarah Parcak, “A Satellite Survey of El-Markha Plain and Beyond: Searching for Additional Potential Pharaonic Forts,” pp. 83-90.
Gregory Mumford, “Explorations in El-Markha Plain, South Sinai: Preliminary Findings at Tell Markha (Site 346) and Elsewhere,” pp. 91-115.
See JAEI vol.7 no.1 for pdf files of each article:
https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/jaei/issue/view/1218.
CONTENTS:
Gregory Mumford, “The Sinai Peninsula and its Environs: Our Changing Perceptions of a Pivotal Land Bridge Between Egypt, the Levant, and Arabia,” pp. 1-24.
Orly Goldwasser and Eliezer Oren, “Marine Units on the "Ways of Horus" in the Days of Seti I,” pp. 25-38.
Hesham Hussein and Elsayed Alim, “The Way(s) of Horus in the Saite Period: Tell El-Kedwa and its Key Location Guarding Egypt's Northeastern Frontier,” pp. 39-51.
Gregory Mumford and Rexine Hummel, “Preliminary Findings at a Late Old Kingdom Fort in South Sinai, Including the Pottery, from the 2008 Season,” pp. 52-82.
Sarah Parcak, “A Satellite Survey of El-Markha Plain and Beyond: Searching for Additional Potential Pharaonic Forts,” pp. 83-90.
Gregory Mumford, “Explorations in El-Markha Plain, South Sinai: Preliminary Findings at Tell Markha (Site 346) and Elsewhere,” pp. 91-115.
Research Interests: Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Maritime Archaeology, Border Studies, and 28 moreCross-Cultural Studies, Anthropology of Borders, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Egypt and Canaan, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Middle Kingdom, Saite Period, Fortifications, Ancient Egypt, Borders and Frontiers, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Sinai, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Arabian Peninsula in Antiquity, Red Sea archaeology, ancient Red sea ports, Turquoise, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Negev, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai, North Sinai, Red Sea Trade, Tel Qedwa (Sinai; Dynasty 26; Saite), Ways of Horus (North Sinai), Ras Budran (late Old Kingdom; Sinai), Qolzoum (Suez; New Kingdom fort), and el-Markha Plain (South Sinai; pharaonic sites)
The second mission to Lisht, co-directed by Mohammed Yousef Ali (the Ministry of Antiquities [MoA]) and Sarah Parcak (the University of Alabama at Birmingham [UAB]), and assisted by Gregory Mumford (UAB), returned to work at the Tomb of... more
The second mission to Lisht, co-directed by Mohammed Yousef Ali (the Ministry of Antiquities [MoA]) and Sarah Parcak (the University of Alabama at Birmingham [UAB]), and assisted by Gregory Mumford (UAB), returned to work at the Tomb of Intef from December 4 to December 22, 2016. The mission included several objectives, including (1) the continued excavation of the tomb of Intef, (2) an examination of the pottery from the tomb, (3) photographing, drawing, and recording the other artefacts and remains from the tomb, (4) the conservation and restoration of the limestone pieces with pigments (mainly from the 2015 season, but including the 2016 season), (5) a preliminary assessment of the human remains from the tomb, (6) a geological assessment of the tomb of Intef and its environs, (7) an archaeological fieldwork training program for five students, and (8) the securement of the tomb of Intef. See the online segment from the 60 Minutes episode (May 21, 2017) on work at this tomb, and related investigations: WEB LINK (pending): See http://www.cbsnews.com/news/space-archaeology-transforms-how-ancient-sites-are-discovered/
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Art History, Middle Kingdom, and 16 moreAncient Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Ancient Egypt, Egyptology - temple & tomb reliefs, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Tomb decoration (Egyptian), Documentary Archaeology, Ancient Egyptian Military, Lisht, Rock-cut Tombs, 12th Dynasty, Intef, Itj-tawy / Itj-towy (Dyn. 12, capital, Egypt), Great overseer of the army, Great overseer of the army (pharaonic Egypt), Intef (Middle Kingdom Egypt), and mortuary chapels (Ancient Egypt)
NOTE: I am posting Sarah Parcak's article title and publication venue (JAEI 7.1 March 2005: 83-90) here to provide additional information and links to persons interested in following our ongoing project work in El-Markha Plain, Sinai... more
NOTE: I am posting Sarah Parcak's article title and publication venue (JAEI 7.1 March 2005: 83-90) here to provide additional information and links to persons interested in following our ongoing project work in El-Markha Plain, Sinai (e.g., Ras Budran; Tell Markha; other sites), directed by G. Mumford and the SCA/MoA. A pdf of this article is available via the online journal (JAEI), by a direct request to the author (Sarah Parcak [see Parcak www.academia.edu profile and email]), and will be released for public access two years following its publication date, namely in March 2017.
Research Interests:
NOTE: In the interest of (a) obtaining any/all feedback prior to the publication of the attached material in a broader article and/or the final excavation report, and (b) in order to make such data readily available to our colleagues and... more
NOTE: In the interest of (a) obtaining any/all feedback prior to the publication of the attached material in a broader article and/or the final excavation report, and (b) in order to make such data readily available to our colleagues and other interested readers, this preliminary report is being placed online here prior to any further editing and incorporation into a forthcoming article (ideally for submission in 2015). UPDATE: This report has since been re-formatted and expanded into an article with G. Mumford and published in JAEI 7.1 (March 2015).
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, and 12 moreOld Kingdom (Egyptology), Fortifications, Red Sea, Copper extraction and production, Sinai, Fortresses, ancient Red sea ports, Turquoise, Ancient harbours and anchorages, Egyptian fortresses, Bread Moulds, and Old Kingdom Pottery
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: El-Markha Plain in South Sinai provides an anchorage and resting point for Egyptian expeditions traveling to the copper and turquoise mining region in South Sinai. The Toronto expedition investigated a mound at Ras Budran and... more
ABSTRACT: El-Markha Plain in South Sinai provides an anchorage and resting point for Egyptian expeditions traveling to the copper and turquoise mining region in South Sinai. The Toronto expedition investigated a mound at Ras Budran and revealed a late Old Kingdom, circular stone fort. It displays a new architectural form (circular) and an uncommon pharaonic application of stone to a fortress. It is exceptionally well-preserved and the undisturbed occupation layer allows analysis of activity patterns. The fort's late Old Kingdom construction, occupation, and destruction/abandonment in South Sinai reflect Dynasty 5-6 historical records for Egyptian campaigns against Asiatic "Sand-dwellers" and a Bedouin massacre of an Egyptian expedition beside the Red Sea. The site illuminates multiple aspects of a period associated with the "collapse" of the Old Kingdom and the activities and cross-cultural interactions of a garrison located at the edge of Egypt's eastern frontier.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, and 15 moreOld Kingdom (Egyptology), Red Sea, Copper extraction and production, Sinai, Potmarks, Fortresses, Red Sea archaeology, ancient Red sea ports, Sea Urchins, Turquoise, Ancient harbours and anchorages, Ancient Ports and Harbours, Bread Moulds, Forts, and Old Kingdom Pottery
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: This post-excavation season report provides a brief summary of G. Mumford and his crew's excavation work and findings within and beside a New Kingdom fortress in Field V at Tell el-Borg (Northwest Sinai) during 2004, provided to... more
SUMMARY: This post-excavation season report provides a brief summary of G. Mumford and his crew's excavation work and findings within and beside a New Kingdom fortress in Field V at Tell el-Borg (Northwest Sinai) during 2004, provided to the Tell el-Borg project director (J. K. Hoffmeier), project team members, and project funders. This work was carried out in conjunction with the main excavation work in Field V (conducted and directed by James Knudstad and Rosa Frey) and consisted of explorations at the corner of a New Kingdom fort's moat in Unit Y (late Dyn. 18 - early Dyn. 19), investigations along the northeast wall and interior of a Ramesside fort in Units A-H and K-L, and an examination of remains along the eastern exterior of the same Ramesside fort in Unit V. For a more comprehensive overview and publication of Field V (and other fields) at Tell Borg, see the diverse and collaborative excavations and findings by multiple team members in the recent project volume by J. K. Hoffmeier (ed.), Excavations in North Sinai. Tell el-Borg I: The "Dwelling of the Lion" on the Ways of Horus (Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2014).
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: The 2003 University of Toronto expedition to Tell Tebilla photographed and recorded, for a joint publication with the Supreme Council of Antiquities, architectural remains, inscribed blocks, a statuette, shawabtis, jewellery,... more
ABSTRACT: The 2003 University of Toronto expedition to Tell Tebilla photographed and recorded, for a joint publication with the Supreme Council of Antiquities, architectural remains, inscribed blocks, a statuette, shawabtis, jewellery, pottery, and other artefacts. These findings originated from the Supreme Council of Antiquities' excavations within and monitoring of a construction site for a water plant, initiated in 1988 at Tebilla. The Toronto pottery team processed over 4,000 Late Period, diagnostic potsherds from the 2001 and 2003 seasons at Tebilla. The osteologists examined 36 human skeletal remains from the 2000-2003 seasons, assessing their gender, age, height, diseases, health, and physical indicators of activities in life. The burials contained relatively healthy individuals with robust physiques, strong hands from continuous work, a female with neck disc degeneration and arm muscle development from carrying heavy loads on her head, few dental cavities, abscesses, a healed broken bone, various diseases, and a fairly healthy diet with fewer carbohydrates than today. A 1968 satellite image and surface excavation revealed the foundations for a Dynasty 30, fort-temple enclosure wall measuring 235 by 352 metres. The expedition also investigated a large, Late Period structure in the northeast area of the mound. Various chambers had been plundered in the Roman period, providing bone to extract calcium for use in glass production.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Ramesses II, and 16 moreOsteology (Anthropology), New Kingdom (Egyptology), Third Intermediate Period, Roman Egypt, Coffins/Sarcophagi (Egyptology), Human Osteology, Osteoporosis, Egyptology - temple & tomb reliefs, Ancient Egyptian Statuary, Ancient Health, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Nile Delta archaeology, Ancient Diseases, Mastabas, Ancient Egyptian non-royal tombs, and Egyptian Temples
ABSTRACT: The 2002 University of Toronto and SCA expedition to El-Markha Plain (South Sinai) mapped and excavated the eastern portion of a small, coastal, copper smelting site (no. 346), which W. F. Albright had discovered in 1948 and... more
ABSTRACT: The 2002 University of Toronto and SCA expedition to El-Markha Plain (South Sinai) mapped and excavated the eastern portion of a small, coastal, copper smelting site (no. 346), which W. F. Albright had discovered in 1948 and dated to the New Kingdom. This site contained a limited pottery repertoire, containing various Nile silt vessels (5%) and numerous pottery vessels (95%) made of two types of Sinaitic clays. The occupation debris also yielded copper lumps, slag, stone tools, fish bones, sea urchin spines, marine shells, and coral. The expedition investigated an adjacent area (no. 345), which contained a circular, limestone structure that measured 42 metres in diameter with 5 metre thick walls preserved up to 3.5 metres in height. Surface pottery indicates a date ranging from the late Roman period to 11th century AD (NOTE: Later excavation revealed an actual date in the late Old Kingdom). This structure probably represents a coastal watchtower (and possibly a caravanserai), safeguarding maritime and overland traffic along the west coast of Sinai (NOTE: Actually, later excavation showed it to be a late Old Kingdom, seasonal anchorage for turquoise expeditions). It contained a western bastion and an entrance that had been walled up. After its abandonment, the structure was later reused briefly as a campsite.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, and 10 moreOld Kingdom (Egyptology), Roman Egypt, Fortifications, Red Sea, Copper extraction and production, Sinai, Fortresses, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, ancient Red sea ports, and Copper Smelting
ABSTRACT: The joint University of Toronto and Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) expedition to Tell Tebilla (East Delta) conducted three seasons here in 1999-2001, and is funded by the Canadian government, an American Research Center in... more
ABSTRACT: The joint University of Toronto and Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) expedition to Tell Tebilla (East Delta) conducted three seasons here in 1999-2001, and is funded by the Canadian government, an American Research Center in Egypt grant (2001), and private donors. The results of these investigations include (1) completing a topographic map, (2) a magnetometer survey of the eastern and southwestern portions of the mound, (3) coring various areas to learn the site's geological history, (4) cataloguing, photographing, and drawing selected pieces from 367 monuments and fragments found on the surface, (5) the excavation of a cemetery (Dynasties 26-30) along the south edge of the mound, (6) excavation of Late Period burials at the northern end of the mound, and (7) excavation of (probable) three-storey houses destroyed in 343 B.C. and resued for burials.
Research Interests:
ADDENDUM TO REPORT: The northern site (Rothenberg no. 346) in Markha Plain produced a limited repertoire of pottery forms, but in contrast to the initial, presumed "New Kingdom" date for this anchorage (described by Albright's 1948... more
ADDENDUM TO REPORT:
The northern site (Rothenberg no. 346) in Markha Plain produced a limited repertoire of pottery forms, but in contrast to the initial, presumed "New Kingdom" date for this anchorage (described by Albright's 1948 survey report), the eastern portion of this small campsite yields Middle Kingdom (to early Second Intermediate Period) pottery forms. The preliminary pottery plates for all of the diagnostic pottery from this site has been appended to the report and is being prepared in the final report from site 346 ("Tell Markha"). This report contains drawings of some of the surface top plans, copper smelting installation, soil sections, and other areas from the site (to be published in the near future in the final report).
The southern/neighbouring site (Rothenberg no. 345) was investigated further and re-dated to the late Old Kingdom (based upon a much larger pottery deposit, and other evidence). The initial exploration had yielded very few diagnostic potsherds, some late Roman pottery from the surface along the fort's wall top, and very unusual architecture (for the late Old Kingdom and/or pharaonic period) that had led to the initial incorrect conclusion from season-1 (2002). This report contains some additional detailed plans, profiles, and other views for inclusion in the final report.
The northern site (Rothenberg no. 346) in Markha Plain produced a limited repertoire of pottery forms, but in contrast to the initial, presumed "New Kingdom" date for this anchorage (described by Albright's 1948 survey report), the eastern portion of this small campsite yields Middle Kingdom (to early Second Intermediate Period) pottery forms. The preliminary pottery plates for all of the diagnostic pottery from this site has been appended to the report and is being prepared in the final report from site 346 ("Tell Markha"). This report contains drawings of some of the surface top plans, copper smelting installation, soil sections, and other areas from the site (to be published in the near future in the final report).
The southern/neighbouring site (Rothenberg no. 345) was investigated further and re-dated to the late Old Kingdom (based upon a much larger pottery deposit, and other evidence). The initial exploration had yielded very few diagnostic potsherds, some late Roman pottery from the surface along the fort's wall top, and very unusual architecture (for the late Old Kingdom and/or pharaonic period) that had led to the initial incorrect conclusion from season-1 (2002). This report contains some additional detailed plans, profiles, and other views for inclusion in the final report.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: This post-excavation season report provides a brief, albeit more technical, summary of G. Mumford and A. Burke's excavation work and findings in an occupation area associated with a nearby New Kingdom fortress at Tell el-Borg... more
SUMMARY: This post-excavation season report provides a brief, albeit more technical, summary of G. Mumford and A. Burke's excavation work and findings in an occupation area associated with a nearby New Kingdom fortress at Tell el-Borg (Northwest Sinai) during 2001, provided to the Tell el-Borg project director (J. K. Hoffmeier), project team members, and project funders. the explorations consisted mainly of excavating a series of sloping layers beside a substantial, deep pit near an ex-situ, large granite block, a mud brick walling system, and a small rectilinear structure (dating to the New Kingdom and situated outside a New Kingdom fort). The publication of Field II and its more extensive remains will appear in a forthcoming publication of Tell el-Borg (volume 2; edited by J. K. Hoffmeier); G. Mumford has a summary power point of the overall findings from Field II placed in the "Talks" section of his academia profile page (i.e., presented at ARCE); for a more comprehensive overview and publication of the New Kingdom fortifications at Tell Borg, see the diverse and collaborative excavations and findings by multiple team members in the recent project volume by J. K. Hoffmeier (ed.), Excavations in North Sinai. Tell el-Borg I: The "Dwelling of the Lion" on the Ways of Horus (Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2014).
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This report forms the basis of a forthcoming study on the late Old Kingdom to First Intermediate Period housing and burials in Units HF and AL-K at Mendes, which were excavated by G. Mumford during the 1991-94 and 1998 seasons... more
ABSTRACT: This report forms the basis of a forthcoming study on the late Old Kingdom to First Intermediate Period housing and burials in Units HF and AL-K at Mendes, which were excavated by G. Mumford during the 1991-94 and 1998 seasons at Mendes (Project Director: D. B. Redford). The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada funded this writer's subsequent post-doctoral research and work in these areas (via the Mendes project), with the final report being readied for publication (all the diagnostic pottery has been digitized; most plans and sections have been completed). The current, preliminary report provides an overview from Unit AL-K. ADDED: The upper strata in the excavation unit contained a lime processing kiln/furnace from the Roman period, which had been used, with other such installations, in processing lime from limestone blocks extracted from various pharaonic and Ptolemaic period structures from Mendes.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Roman Egypt, and 13 moreFirst Intermediate Period, Ancient Egyptian Pottery, Ancient Egyptian burial practice, Old Kingdom private tombs, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Nile Delta archaeology, Lime Kiln, collapse of the Old Kingdom, Roman Archaeology, Bread Moulds, Spinning Industry in Egypt, First Intermediate Period Cemetery, and Lime Kilns
UPDATE: April 6: Adding new TED weblink and editing links page; April 5: Only adding a table of contents (mainly to aid media requests for images and/or caption details); April 4: Three sessions with a most recent addition of some good... more
UPDATE: April 6: Adding new TED weblink and editing links page; April 5: Only adding a table of contents (mainly to aid media requests for images and/or caption details); April 4: Three sessions with a most recent addition of some good links, plus previous final edits to photo caption credits, some minor text edits, and a few additional recommended key sources on L'Anse aux Meadows; April 3 two sessions with some minor edits and revisions only; April 2: Adding some broader contextual information on the potential time period and setting (e.g., L'Anse aux Meadows; Little Passage Indians), a selected bibliography, plus a "potential significance" statement on Point Rosee issued to the press (added after the project team's summary statement (posted earlier).
ABSTRACT: March 31: The recent processing of satellite imagery data, magnetometer surveys (October 2014; June 2015), preliminary excavations (June 2015), and the initial, albeit ongoing, analysis of an archaeological site and its associated, potential “Norse” materials at Point Rosee/Rosie in southern Newfoundland have revealed traces of: (a) a few suggestive rectilinear features in processed satellite imagery (albeit only partly excavated), (b) some probable and highly suggestive roasting of bog iron ore (analyzed by T. Birch and J. Still), (c) limited exposure of turf-type remains (i.e., evidence of turf cutting [assessed by D. Bolender]), (d) some promising magnetometer readings (e.g., a few “hot spots” suggest potential hearths and/or additional metal/metal-working), (e) a series of thirteen associated AMS radiocarbon dates, some of which fall between the early 9th century AD and late 13th century AD (excluding two later berries from contaminated contexts), and (f) a total absence (so far) of either any indigenous materials (i.e., Palaeoeskimo and Amerindians) or any historical remains that are otherwise typically present at such sites. Although the preliminary indications are thus somewhat promising for both a “Norse” date (i.e., ca. 1000–1450 AD in Greenland) and a potential “Norse” affiliation (see 2016 documentaries by the BBC and Pbs/Nova, and other media), further excavation, analysis, and multi-specialist input are absolutely crucial before determining and expanding upon the site’s time period(s) and cultural affiliation(s). Likewise, the specific occupation span (i.e., longevity) and nature of the overall site at Point Rosee, which has been postulated publicly to be a “settlement” (versus a “camp,” or some other site-type), also remain unclear as of yet, requiring yet again broader exposure, context, material culture, and analysis. Much on-site recording and post-excavation research, processing, analyses, and other work have been and are still being conducted (e.g., TL/OLS dating pending), all of which have generated many reports, notes, and other findings dispatched regularly to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO). These preliminary records and reports are listed further below (and listed via Academia), and will form the main basis for the pending publications on the initial season at Point Rosee, and a much needed/desired follow-up season –ideally later this summer. In brief, a “Norse” date and “affiliation” do look rather promising, at this still early stage in the project, but we simply need more work at this site and more specialist input and peer-reviewed data before being confidant in stating this as “fact.” SPECIAL THANKS to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO), the people of Newfoundland, our funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic), and many consultants and others (listed within the online paper).
(SELECTED) WEB LINKS TO VARIOUS MEDIA REPORTS:
BBC News Magazine (March 31, 2016):
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35935725
BBC One Vikings’ documentary, airing Monday, April 4, 8:30 pm (U.K.):
On TV in United Kingdom
National Geographic Vikings’ story (online; by Mark Strauss, March 31, 2016):
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/160331-viking-discovery-north-america-canada-archaeology/ Please note: The materials analyzed do not represent “slag” (mentioned in one photo caption), but are roasted bog iron ore (T. Birch & J. Still).
New York Times (online; by Ralph Blumenthal, March 31, 2016):
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/science/vikings-archaeology-north-america-newfoundland.html?_r=0
Pbs/Nova Vikings’ documentary, streaming online, 3:30 p.m., Eastern time, Monday, April 4 (U.S.A.):
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/
Pbs/Nova Vikings’ documentary airing Wednesday, April 6, 9 pm on Pbs:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/
UAB announcement/post (March 31, 2016):
https://www.uab.edu/news/faculty/item/6707-birmingham-space-archaeologist-uncovers-ancient-civilizations-teaches-the-world
ABSTRACT: March 31: The recent processing of satellite imagery data, magnetometer surveys (October 2014; June 2015), preliminary excavations (June 2015), and the initial, albeit ongoing, analysis of an archaeological site and its associated, potential “Norse” materials at Point Rosee/Rosie in southern Newfoundland have revealed traces of: (a) a few suggestive rectilinear features in processed satellite imagery (albeit only partly excavated), (b) some probable and highly suggestive roasting of bog iron ore (analyzed by T. Birch and J. Still), (c) limited exposure of turf-type remains (i.e., evidence of turf cutting [assessed by D. Bolender]), (d) some promising magnetometer readings (e.g., a few “hot spots” suggest potential hearths and/or additional metal/metal-working), (e) a series of thirteen associated AMS radiocarbon dates, some of which fall between the early 9th century AD and late 13th century AD (excluding two later berries from contaminated contexts), and (f) a total absence (so far) of either any indigenous materials (i.e., Palaeoeskimo and Amerindians) or any historical remains that are otherwise typically present at such sites. Although the preliminary indications are thus somewhat promising for both a “Norse” date (i.e., ca. 1000–1450 AD in Greenland) and a potential “Norse” affiliation (see 2016 documentaries by the BBC and Pbs/Nova, and other media), further excavation, analysis, and multi-specialist input are absolutely crucial before determining and expanding upon the site’s time period(s) and cultural affiliation(s). Likewise, the specific occupation span (i.e., longevity) and nature of the overall site at Point Rosee, which has been postulated publicly to be a “settlement” (versus a “camp,” or some other site-type), also remain unclear as of yet, requiring yet again broader exposure, context, material culture, and analysis. Much on-site recording and post-excavation research, processing, analyses, and other work have been and are still being conducted (e.g., TL/OLS dating pending), all of which have generated many reports, notes, and other findings dispatched regularly to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO). These preliminary records and reports are listed further below (and listed via Academia), and will form the main basis for the pending publications on the initial season at Point Rosee, and a much needed/desired follow-up season –ideally later this summer. In brief, a “Norse” date and “affiliation” do look rather promising, at this still early stage in the project, but we simply need more work at this site and more specialist input and peer-reviewed data before being confidant in stating this as “fact.” SPECIAL THANKS to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO), the people of Newfoundland, our funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic), and many consultants and others (listed within the online paper).
(SELECTED) WEB LINKS TO VARIOUS MEDIA REPORTS:
BBC News Magazine (March 31, 2016):
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35935725
BBC One Vikings’ documentary, airing Monday, April 4, 8:30 pm (U.K.):
On TV in United Kingdom
National Geographic Vikings’ story (online; by Mark Strauss, March 31, 2016):
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/160331-viking-discovery-north-america-canada-archaeology/ Please note: The materials analyzed do not represent “slag” (mentioned in one photo caption), but are roasted bog iron ore (T. Birch & J. Still).
New York Times (online; by Ralph Blumenthal, March 31, 2016):
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/science/vikings-archaeology-north-america-newfoundland.html?_r=0
Pbs/Nova Vikings’ documentary, streaming online, 3:30 p.m., Eastern time, Monday, April 4 (U.S.A.):
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/
Pbs/Nova Vikings’ documentary airing Wednesday, April 6, 9 pm on Pbs:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/
UAB announcement/post (March 31, 2016):
https://www.uab.edu/news/faculty/item/6707-birmingham-space-archaeologist-uncovers-ancient-civilizations-teaches-the-world
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Medieval History, Metallurgy, Medieval Archaeology, and 17 moreViking Studies, Viking Age Archaeology, Vikings in the North Atlantic, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ancient Metallurgy, Norse Archaeology, Vikings, Viking Age, Newfoundland, Newfoundland Archaeology, Turf construction, Iron Working, Vinland, Newfoundland History, Bog iron, Peat Bogs, and Norse Archaeology Newfoundland
ABSTRACT: The most recent version of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and is updated periodically as the... more
ABSTRACT: The most recent version of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and is updated periodically as the analysis and status of certain materials and items change during post-excavation processing (July 2015 - June 2016). These records will soon be translated into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 24, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
APOLOGIES: We are unable to make a pdf copy available until later; FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, please see summary statement (pdf) elsewhereon our Academia websites: (Project team) "Recent findings regarding a potential new “Norse” site at... more
APOLOGIES: We are unable to make a pdf copy available until later; FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, please see summary statement (pdf) elsewhereon our Academia websites: (Project team) "Recent findings regarding a potential new “Norse” site at Point Rosee/Rosie in southern Newfoundland" (by G. Mumford; S. Parcak; F. Schwarz; T. Birch; D. Bolender; D. Gathings; C. Childs), while the preliminary findings are also reported in various venues (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic).
ABSTRACT: This power point presentation gives a broad and up-to-date overview --with images and text-- of the historical and archaeological setting for the fieldwork at Point Rosee, beginning with the historical setting, the initial surveys at this and other sites (October 2014), the 2015 June season at Point Rosee, grid mapping, magnetometer survey, excavation unit layout, methodology and recording system, findings, post-season analysis, implications and significance, and future work. A pdf copy and hardcopy of this ppt have been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this ppt. may be modified and/or appended periodically with revisions/edits, supplemental data, and/or modifications and corrections. The pertinent portions of this ppt. will be extracted into a published record of the broader setting of Point Rosee, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by S. Parcak, G. D. Mumford, F. Schwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This power point presentation gives a broad and up-to-date overview --with images and text-- of the historical and archaeological setting for the fieldwork at Point Rosee, beginning with the historical setting, the initial surveys at this and other sites (October 2014), the 2015 June season at Point Rosee, grid mapping, magnetometer survey, excavation unit layout, methodology and recording system, findings, post-season analysis, implications and significance, and future work. A pdf copy and hardcopy of this ppt have been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this ppt. may be modified and/or appended periodically with revisions/edits, supplemental data, and/or modifications and corrections. The pertinent portions of this ppt. will be extracted into a published record of the broader setting of Point Rosee, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by S. Parcak, G. D. Mumford, F. Schwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This overall report (no. 33) furnishes preliminary communications, discourse, and selections of several samples (from Point Rosee) for potential Thermoluminesence/TL and OLS-dating (results pending). The analysis remains... more
ABSTRACT: This overall report (no. 33) furnishes preliminary communications, discourse, and selections of several samples (from Point Rosee) for potential Thermoluminesence/TL and OLS-dating (results pending). The analysis remains in-progress and the aim is to establish an independent check for the already obtained radiocarbon dates from Point Rosee. A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report have been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to some project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with revisions/edits, supplemental data, and/or modifications and corrections, all of which will be clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, interpretations and/or new data). The pertinent portions of this report will be extracted into a published record for Point Rosee, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This overall report (no. 32) furnishes a broad background to Point Rosee and its regional/hinterland environs, including the topography, geology, climate, hydrology, flora (vegetation), fauna (wildlife and fisheries),... more
ABSTRACT: This overall report (no. 32) furnishes a broad background to Point Rosee and its regional/hinterland environs, including the topography, geology, climate, hydrology, flora (vegetation), fauna (wildlife and fisheries), seasonality and other factors, and some conclusions regarding Point Rosee’s setting, its hinterland, and benefits and drawbacks regarding past-recent human occupation. The report contains footnotes, a bibliography with sources, and a series of images (i.e., charts; maps; photographs). A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report have been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with revisions/edits, supplemental data, and/or modifications and corrections, all of which will be clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, interpretations and/or new data). The pertinent portions of this report will be extracted into a published record of the broader setting of Point Rosee, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 31) provides a summary of on-going examinations by G. Mumford, and various analyses by Dr. Scott Brande and others, of a rock top and associated installation at Point Rosee. The findings... more
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 31) provides a summary of on-going examinations by G. Mumford, and various analyses by Dr. Scott Brande and others, of a rock top and associated installation at Point Rosee. The findings are still pending, and will supersede some of the preliminary observations in this report, but much of this report provides contextual data, multiple, close-up images of the rock-top, the methodology and reasoning for sample extractions, and the broader context, significance, and implications of the rock-top and affiliated installation (including potential additional installations at the site). A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report have been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with new key/crucial post-excavation record revisions/edits, supplemental data, and/or modifications and corrections, all of which will be clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, interpretations and/or new data). The pertinent portions of this report will be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This overall report (no. 30) places the site in its much broader chronological and geographic context, providing a fairly broad and non-specialist background perspective regarding the past-recent cultures and history of... more
ABSTRACT: This overall report (no. 30) places the site in its much broader chronological and geographic context, providing a fairly broad and non-specialist background perspective regarding the past-recent cultures and history of Newfoundland, including the Maritime Archaic Indians, a 400-year hiatus in human occupation (Intermediate Period), the Early Palaeoeskimos (Groswater Palaeoeskimos, Late Palaeoeskimos (Middle Dorset Palaeoeskimos), and Recent Indians and historic period groups; the latter peoples consist of Cow Head complex, The Beaches complex, Little Passage peoples, brief settlers at L'Anse aux Meadows, the (past-historic) Beothuk culture, and Micmac/Mi‘kmaq culture, plus the more recent Basque in Newfoundland and adjacent areas and historic Europeans (especially at or near Point Rosee [since the latter topic is quite immense]). The report also has a bibliography, a series of images and references (links) for historic and regional maps, and further sources pertinent to this overview, but awaiting fuller consultation. A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report have been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with new key/crucial post-excavation record revisions/edits, supplemental data, and/or modifications and corrections, all of which will be clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, interpretations and/or new data). The pertinent portions of this report will be extracted into a published record of the broader setting of Point Rosee, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 29) provides a summary of on-going findings/analyses by Dr. Thomas Birch and Dr. John Still, and additional discussion by Greg Mumford, regarding selected metallurgical materials from... more
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 29) provides a summary of on-going findings/analyses by Dr. Thomas Birch and Dr. John Still, and additional discussion by Greg Mumford, regarding selected metallurgical materials from Point Rosee, including a few, initially potential "artefacts" and artefact categories, which are now deemed to reflect natural concretions. This report contains a discussion, drawings, photographs, and the broader significance of the potential artefact categories. A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report have been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with new key/crucial post-excavation record revisions/edits, supplemental data, and/or modifications and corrections, all of which will be clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, interpretations and/or new data). The pertinent portions of this report, and especially the specialist report (elsewhere) will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 28) provides a series of summaries of a 2015 magnetometer survey and its on-going analysis by David Gathings (revised and assisted by G. Mumford and C. Childs), regarding subsurface... more
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 28) provides a series of summaries of a 2015 magnetometer survey and its on-going analysis by David Gathings (revised and assisted by G. Mumford and C. Childs), regarding subsurface findings at Point Rosee. A few supplemental revisions will modify the current report, but this report contains contains a series of images and other details for the 2015 survey grid, and some references to the separate, preliminary October 2014 magnetometer survey (reported elsewhere). A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report have been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with new key/crucial post-excavation record revisions/edits, supplemental data, and/or modifications and corrections, all of which will be clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, interpretations and/or new data). The pertinent portions of this report will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and elsewhere), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: D. Gathings and G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 27) provides a summary of on-going analyses by Dr. Thomas Birch and Dr. John Still, regarding the metallurgical materials from Point Rosee, but will be superseded by their separate,... more
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 27) provides a summary of on-going analyses by Dr. Thomas Birch and Dr. John Still, regarding the metallurgical materials from Point Rosee, but will be superseded by their separate, official metallurgical report (pending). This report contains images and other details for each of the selected materials dispatched for analysis. A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with new key/crucial post-excavation record revisions/edits, supplemental data, and/or modifications and corrections, all of which will be clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, interpretations and/or new data). The pertinent portions of this report, and especially the specialist report (elsewhere) will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and elsewhere), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 26) furnishes a summary of the 13 AMS, calibrated radiocarbon dates obtained from various materials and contexts at Point Rosee, including a successive series of updates as each new... more
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 26) furnishes a summary of the 13 AMS, calibrated radiocarbon dates obtained from various materials and contexts at Point Rosee, including a successive series of updates as each new radiocarbon result modified the interpretations regarding the site's date range and significance. The original reports and calibrated dates for each sample are placed at the end of the report, alongside photographs (with captions) of each sample dispatched for radiocarbon dating (to a radiocarbon facility at the University of Georgia, Athens). A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with new key/crucial post-excavation record revisions/edits, supplemental data, and/or modifications and corrections, all of which will be clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, interpretations and/or new data). The pertinent portions of this report will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and elsewhere), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 25) provides a brief summary of the palaeobotanical analyses, identifications, and significance of the findings from Point Rosee (Newfoundland), with the original notes, identifications,... more
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 25) provides a brief summary of the palaeobotanical analyses, identifications, and significance of the findings from Point Rosee (Newfoundland), with the original notes, identifications, and various communications by Dr. Kevin Leonard, plus the various detailed digital images of the samples taken by Dr. Leonard (i.e., two berries cat. nos. 8a-b and a root clump cat. no. 46). A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with any new key/crucial post-excavation record revisions/edits, supplemental data, and/or modifications and corrections, all of which will be clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, interpretations and/or new data). The pertinent portions of this report will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and elsewhere), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 24) furnishes a summary of the methodology applied in cleansing (e.g. ,wet-sieving), processing (i.e., sorting), recording (i.e., notes; weighing; re-photography; drawing), and related... more
ABSTRACT: This post-excavation season report (no. 24) furnishes a summary of the methodology applied in cleansing (e.g. ,wet-sieving), processing (i.e., sorting), recording (i.e., notes; weighing; re-photography; drawing), and related work from July 22 - August 11 (and later), regarding most of the materials found at Point Rosee, especially the metallurgical materials (i.e., consisting of bog iron ore [initially called "slag"]), plus some additional analyses, identifications, findings, and their significance; most of the new photographs are embedded into the document, with several per item and cluster of items, including identifying captions and digital image numbers. A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with new key/crucial post-excavation record revisions/edits, supplemental data, and/or modifications and corrections, all of which will be clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, interpretations and/or new data). The pertinent portions of this report will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and elsewhere), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document represents a retrospective report (no. 23) on the effectiveness of the methodology and related fieldwork during the preliminary archaeological fieldwork and findings in Newfoundland (Point Rosee and "Searston... more
ABSTRACT: This document represents a retrospective report (no. 23) on the effectiveness of the methodology and related fieldwork during the preliminary archaeological fieldwork and findings in Newfoundland (Point Rosee and "Searston site"), and partly at Warren Island (near L'Anse aux Meadows), for June 9-29, 2015. It points out various issues and potential changes and improvements for future fieldwork, and includes some post-excavation season recording, processing and other work needed to complete the field records (e.g., lab photography; selected drawing; cleansing samples), plus selected photographs (with captions). A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members (for feedback), pertinent consultants (for additional suggestions), and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with any new key, crucial post-excavation record revisions/edits and/or suggestions being clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of this report will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and elsewhere), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document represents a retrospective account ("report 21-22") of the diverse pre-fieldwork preparations, planning, recording system, and related matters in the week or more prior to departing for Newfoundland, and the actual... more
ABSTRACT: This document represents a retrospective account ("report 21-22") of the diverse pre-fieldwork preparations, planning, recording system, and related matters in the week or more prior to departing for Newfoundland, and the actual first day(s) of travel to Newfoundland and the site (Point Rosee) in early June, 2015. A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members (for future feedback and planning), pertinent consultants (for additional suggestions), and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic). The pertinent few portions of this report will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and elsewhere), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
(Mumford) “June 2015 archaeological investigations via Permit 15.14 at Pt.Rosee & surveys at Searston & Warren Island in Newfoundland, Canada,” Preliminary report for Newfoundland PAO (compiled July 30/revised Sept.11 on behalf of Parcak & Schwarz) (9,103 words) (limited dispersal; future archiving)more
ABSTRACT: This document represents a preliminary, internal summary end-of-season "one-month" report for the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) regarding the archaeological fieldwork and findings... more
ABSTRACT: This document represents a preliminary, internal summary end-of-season "one-month" report for the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake) regarding the archaeological fieldwork and findings in Newfoundland (Point Rosee and "Searston site"), and partly at Warren Island (near L'Anse aux Meadows), for June 9-29, 2015, including selected maps and photographs. A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office for both reporting and archival purposes, and have also been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with any new key, crucial post-excavation record revisions/edits being clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations), but will normally be superseded by a new, up-to-date report (i.e., the final report on the season). The pertinent portions of this report will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and elsewhere), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
(Mumford), “End-of-Grant-Report for National Geographic funds: Regarding June 2015 survey & excavations at Point Rosee, Searston site & elsewhere in Newfoundland, Canada,” National Geographic Research Grant Report (compiled July 19, 2015 on behalf of S. Parcak). (8,407 words) (limited dispersal)more
ABSTRACT: This document represents a preliminary, internal summary end-of-grant "one-month" report for National Geographic regarding the archaeological fieldwork and findings in Newfoundland (Point Rosee and "Searston site"), and partly... more
ABSTRACT: This document represents a preliminary, internal summary end-of-grant "one-month" report for National Geographic regarding the archaeological fieldwork and findings in Newfoundland (Point Rosee and "Searston site"), and partly at Warren Island (near L'Anse aux Meadows), for June 9-29, 2015, including selected maps and photographs. A pdf copy and hardcopy of this report has also been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and have been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project co-funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); this report may be modified and/or appended periodically with any new key, crucial post-excavation record revisions/edits being clearly indicated and appended in RED font (e.g., possibly acknowledging changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations), but will normally be superseded by a new, up-to-date report. The pertinent portions of this report will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and elsewhere), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document represents the original, completed and full field notes for the archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland (Point Rosee and "Searston site") and Warren Island (near L'Anse aux Meadows), June 9-29, 2015, consisting of... more
ABSTRACT: This document represents the original, completed and full field notes for the archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland (Point Rosee and "Searston site") and Warren Island (near L'Anse aux Meadows), June 9-29, 2015, consisting of forms, narrative sheets, sketch views, top plans, profiles, overall site plans, photographs (with captions), and other data. A pdf copy and hardcopy of these records have been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and have been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); these records may be appended periodically with any new key, crucial post-excavation record revisions/edits being clearly indicated and appended in RED font (i.e., slight corrections to UTM and ASL data; possibly acknowledgement of changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-20 (June 30, 2015) prior to departing Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the last few materials to be processed from Point Rosee), shipping details, and other pertinent... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-20 (June 30, 2015) prior to departing Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the last few materials to be processed from Point Rosee), shipping details, and other pertinent information and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-19 (June 29, 2015) at the end of archaeological fieldwork and processing of materials in Newfoundland (i.e., mainly materials from Point Rosee), consisting of a summary of the... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-19 (June 29, 2015) at the end of archaeological fieldwork and processing of materials in Newfoundland (i.e., mainly materials from Point Rosee), consisting of a summary of the workday and some photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-18 (June 28, 2015) of end-of-season processing (i.e., mainly photography of materials from Point Rosee) in northern Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday,... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-18 (June 28, 2015) of end-of-season processing (i.e., mainly photography of materials from Point Rosee) in northern Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, methodology, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-17 (June 27, 2015) of a brief archaeological survey at Warren Island in northern Newfoundland (near L'Anse aux Meadows), consisting of a summary of the workday, methodology, and... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-17 (June 27, 2015) of a brief archaeological survey at Warren Island in northern Newfoundland (near L'Anse aux Meadows), consisting of a summary of the workday, methodology, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for shifting the project's focus from Point Rosee to Warren Island on day-16 (June 26, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the move, plus some... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for shifting the project's focus from Point Rosee to Warren Island on day-16 (June 26, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the move, plus some reflections on the season, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-15 (June 25, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-15 (June 25, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-14 (June 24, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-14 (June 24, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-13 (June 23, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-13 (June 23, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and the "Searston site"), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-12 (June 22, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-12 (June 22, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and the "Searston site"), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-11 (June 21, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-11 (June 21, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and the "Searston site"), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-10 (June 20, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-10 (June 20, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-9 (June 19, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-9 (June 19, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-8 (June 18, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-8 (June 18, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee (and the "Searston site"), and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-7 (June 17, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-7 (June 17, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-6 (June 16, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-6 (June 16, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-5 (June 15, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-5 (June 15, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-4 (June 14, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-4 (June 14, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-3 (June 13, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-3 (June 13, 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-2 (June 12 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-2 (June 12 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-1 (June 11 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data... more
ABSTRACT: This document contains daily field notes for day-1 (June 11 2015) of archaeological fieldwork in Newfoundland, consisting of a summary of the workday, findings, and photographs (with captions). A pdf copy of this report/data has been submitted to the Newfoundland Provincial Archaeology Office (PAO; directed by Dr. Martha Drake), for reporting and archival purposes, and has been dispersed to project team members, pertinent consultants, and project funders (BBC; Pbs/Nova; National Geographic); it may be updated periodically with any new post-excavation findings, revisions, edits and updates being appended in red font in brackets (i.e., to indicate changes in factual data, corrections, or interpretations). The pertinent portions of these records will soon be extracted into a published record of the preliminary season at Point Rosee, and/or perhaps part of the first few seasons of investigations, but will remain offline (for the moment) --pending further post-season processing, results, interpretations, and initial publications. (update: G. Mumford, March 25, 2016). PLEASE NOTE: The provincial regulator in Newfoundland (i.e., Provincial Archaeology Office) has this pdf file, plus all the remaining records, notes, and materials for the site/sites, all of which remain under the guardianship of the PAO concerning public dispersal. The data also entails preliminary and on-going excavation, analysis, and interpretations, which may change as analysis is completed and investigations proceed. Hence, any/all interested parties are encouraged to consult the forthcoming project publications (by SHParcak, GDMumford, FSchwarz, et. al.) and/or PAO and other official outlets/documentation.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: A review of the multi-authored, final publication of the Late Bronze Age to early Iron Age Egyptian garrison at Beth Shan (in northern Palestine; Canaan), including a fort tower, some Egyptian and Egyptian-type residences,... more
ABSTRACT: A review of the multi-authored, final publication of the Late Bronze Age to early Iron Age Egyptian garrison at Beth Shan (in northern Palestine; Canaan), including a fort tower, some Egyptian and Egyptian-type residences, temple(s), architecture, statuary, stelae, votive offerings, pottery, and other artifacts, including both East Mediterranean imports and local pottery and artifacts. This review was carried out whilst I was incorporating Beth Shan into my Ph.D. research and thereby reflects a fairly thorough read and usage of this invaluable two volume set (the Beth Shan volumes are crucial for studying Egyptian New Kingdom imperialism, the empire in Syria-Palestine, and other aspects of Late Bronze Age to Iron Age I Canaan; naturally, the earlier volumes, Iron Age levels, and later excavations at and publications on Beth Shan are also indispensable).
Research Interests:
ENGLISH VERSION: It is with great pleasure that I write this forward for Franck Monnier’s recent work (2009), Les Forteresses Égyptiennes. De la période prédynastique au Nouvel Empire. Aside from a variety of individual publications on... more
ENGLISH VERSION:
It is with great pleasure that I write this forward for Franck Monnier’s recent work (2009), Les Forteresses Égyptiennes. De la période prédynastique au Nouvel Empire. Aside from a variety of individual publications on Egyptian fortresses, only a few comprehensive studies have been published that deal with Ancient Egyptian fortresses from specific through broader time periods, including A. Badawy’s series (1954-1968) on A History of Egyptian Architecture, Volumes 1-3, C. R. Higginbotham’s (2000) Egyptianization and Elite Emulation in Ramesside Palestine: Governance and Accommodation on the Imperial Periphery, C. P. Gilbert (2004), Weapons, Warriors and Warfare in Early Egypt, C. Vogel (2004), Ägyptische Festungen und Garnisonen bis zum Ende des Mittleren Reiches, and E. F. Morris’ (2005) The Architecture of Imperialism: Military Bases and the Evolution of Foreign Policy in Egypt's New Kingdom.
Having dealt with a variety of aspects regarding pharaonic fortresses, including my own excavations at a late Old Kingdom fort at Ras Budran (South Sinai), my participation in James Hoffmeier’s project at a New Kingdom fort at Tell el-Borg in North Sinai and Donald Redford’s project at a Saite period fort at Tell Qedwa (North Sinai), and my doctoral dissertation on Egypto-Levantine relations in the Sinai and Syria-Palestine during the New Kingdom through Saite periods (ca. 1550-525 BC), I believe that it is with much gratitude that Egyptologists, other scholars, students, and interested laypersons will receive this recent comprehensive compilation and contribution.
In reading his manuscript, it is evident that Monnier has painstakingly compiled much research from numerous published reports, articles, and books, personal communications from various Egyptologists currently working on pharaonic fortresses, and provided lavish and very helpful reprinted and new illustrations and reconstructions of fortresses from the Predynastic through New Kingdom periods. The summaries, insights, and bibliographies in each time period and section are also very useful as well to persons interested in delving deeper into Egyptian military architecture. Many of the reconstructions are his own, and aid both laypersons and scholars in visualizing Ancient Egyptian fortifications with greater and more immediate comprehension. It is to be hoped that in the near future this work will be translated into English as well, in order to make this invaluable contribution available to a broader audience interested in Ancient Egyptian fortresses and military history in general. Although archaeological investigations and publications on Egyptian forts are being conducted more frequently today, I believe that Franck Monnier’s work represents a most timely and excellent summation of our knowledge to-date, and it is without reservations and pleasure that I recommend it to both Egyptologists and to the broader academic and general public communities.
Professor Gregory Mumford
Department of Anthropology
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama, USA
It is with great pleasure that I write this forward for Franck Monnier’s recent work (2009), Les Forteresses Égyptiennes. De la période prédynastique au Nouvel Empire. Aside from a variety of individual publications on Egyptian fortresses, only a few comprehensive studies have been published that deal with Ancient Egyptian fortresses from specific through broader time periods, including A. Badawy’s series (1954-1968) on A History of Egyptian Architecture, Volumes 1-3, C. R. Higginbotham’s (2000) Egyptianization and Elite Emulation in Ramesside Palestine: Governance and Accommodation on the Imperial Periphery, C. P. Gilbert (2004), Weapons, Warriors and Warfare in Early Egypt, C. Vogel (2004), Ägyptische Festungen und Garnisonen bis zum Ende des Mittleren Reiches, and E. F. Morris’ (2005) The Architecture of Imperialism: Military Bases and the Evolution of Foreign Policy in Egypt's New Kingdom.
Having dealt with a variety of aspects regarding pharaonic fortresses, including my own excavations at a late Old Kingdom fort at Ras Budran (South Sinai), my participation in James Hoffmeier’s project at a New Kingdom fort at Tell el-Borg in North Sinai and Donald Redford’s project at a Saite period fort at Tell Qedwa (North Sinai), and my doctoral dissertation on Egypto-Levantine relations in the Sinai and Syria-Palestine during the New Kingdom through Saite periods (ca. 1550-525 BC), I believe that it is with much gratitude that Egyptologists, other scholars, students, and interested laypersons will receive this recent comprehensive compilation and contribution.
In reading his manuscript, it is evident that Monnier has painstakingly compiled much research from numerous published reports, articles, and books, personal communications from various Egyptologists currently working on pharaonic fortresses, and provided lavish and very helpful reprinted and new illustrations and reconstructions of fortresses from the Predynastic through New Kingdom periods. The summaries, insights, and bibliographies in each time period and section are also very useful as well to persons interested in delving deeper into Egyptian military architecture. Many of the reconstructions are his own, and aid both laypersons and scholars in visualizing Ancient Egyptian fortifications with greater and more immediate comprehension. It is to be hoped that in the near future this work will be translated into English as well, in order to make this invaluable contribution available to a broader audience interested in Ancient Egyptian fortresses and military history in general. Although archaeological investigations and publications on Egyptian forts are being conducted more frequently today, I believe that Franck Monnier’s work represents a most timely and excellent summation of our knowledge to-date, and it is without reservations and pleasure that I recommend it to both Egyptologists and to the broader academic and general public communities.
Professor Gregory Mumford
Department of Anthropology
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Research Interests:
ARCHIVED WEBSITE LINK: https://web.archive.org/web/20141217032500/http://deltasinai.com/ (until website is re-established --soon?). ABSTRACT: SEPE (Survey and Excavation Projects in Egypt) is co-directed by Dr. Gregory Mumford (UAB) and... more
ARCHIVED WEBSITE LINK: https://web.archive.org/web/20141217032500/http://deltasinai.com/ (until website is re-established --soon?). ABSTRACT: SEPE (Survey and Excavation Projects in Egypt) is co-directed by Dr. Gregory Mumford (UAB) and Dr. Sarah Parcak (UAB), and is now based at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. It has been funded by the Social Sciences and Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC), the National Science Foundation (in conjunction with co-director S. Parcak's work in Egypt), National Geographic (S. Parcak), NASA (S. Parcak), and private donors. The objectives of this project are broad, but include ...
(1) an examination of the (mostly pharaonic period) relations between Egypt and her neighbours, concentrating on the East Delta and Sinai,
(2) the excavation, analysis, and reconstruction of diverse aspects of the Late Period settlement of Tell Tebilla (East Delta), and
(3) investigating the more neglected aspects of Egypt's exploitation of and interaction with South Sinai.
UPDATE (Oct. 4, 2016): We have begun to re-activate this website, which will likely move to a new site with a new URL (pending), and will update it and add the recent Lisht project to it.
(1) an examination of the (mostly pharaonic period) relations between Egypt and her neighbours, concentrating on the East Delta and Sinai,
(2) the excavation, analysis, and reconstruction of diverse aspects of the Late Period settlement of Tell Tebilla (East Delta), and
(3) investigating the more neglected aspects of Egypt's exploitation of and interaction with South Sinai.
UPDATE (Oct. 4, 2016): We have begun to re-activate this website, which will likely move to a new site with a new URL (pending), and will update it and add the recent Lisht project to it.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Satellite remote sensing, and 22 moreOld Kingdom (Egyptology), Egypt and Canaan, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Third Intermediate Period, Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Excavation Methodology, Fortifications, Coffins/Sarcophagi (Egyptology), Ancient Egypt, Archaeological Excavation, Copper extraction and production, Sinai, Fortresses, 1) cultural interconnections and trade (Egypt and Levant), Turquoise, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Egyptian-Levantine Relations, Nile Delta archaeology, Ancient Egyptian non-royal tombs, Archeological Prospection, Magnetometry, Egyptian Temples, and Anthropoid Clay Cofins
DETAILS: This searchable database reflects the collection of key Egyptological, Near Eastern, Nubian, Arabian, Anatolian, and Aegean, plus some selected European, Viking/Norse (new), Newfoundland archaeology (new), Beothuk/Amerindian... more
DETAILS: This searchable database reflects the collection of key Egyptological, Near Eastern, Nubian, Arabian, Anatolian, and Aegean, plus some selected European, Viking/Norse (new), Newfoundland archaeology (new), Beothuk/Amerindian (new), and other regions' book titles, journal issues, Great Courses lectures, and dvd documentary resources, spanning mainly Prehistory to the Roman period (but also later periods [for selected areas]), to aid in research, teaching courses, and related ventures. It may be of use to others (e.g., students/public/scholars/librarians), and has formed a base from which I have been building my University's library collections (M. H. Sterne, UAB) on Ancient Egypt, Nubia, Near East, and other areas. I update this database continuously, and will update this online posting once every six months, or so. The database is arranged by multiple fields such as author(s), date of publication, title, publication series, edition, translator(s), place of publication, publisher, dates/periods covered by each title, and topic area(s) (I have omitted additional fields here, including the sources already obtained for UAB Sterne Library and sources to be obtained). The collection is fairly representative for Egyptology, albeit tending to English publications, while other areas are more sporadic (based upon personal research needs, availability of resources, and other factors). It is searchable within each column, plus region, such as Egypt, Nubia, Near East, Aegean, Europe, Viking, Indus Valley, Southeast Asia, Canada, etc.; Dec. 11, 2018 update: 40+ new titles since last update in June (new total = 5,050 titles). AUGUST 15, 2019 update: 184 new entries (total 5,234 titles); MARCH 27 update: 79 new entries (5,313 titles).
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Near Eastern Archaeology, and 30 moreAnthropology, Near Eastern Studies, Anatolian Archaeology, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Mesopotamia History, Southeast Asian Archaeology, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Viking Age Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, Aegean Archaeology, Vikings in the North Atlantic, Indian Ocean Trade, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Ancient Nubia, Indus Valley Civilization, Newfoundland and Labrador, Hittite archaeology, Mesopotamia, History of Pre-Islamic Arabia, Nubian studies, Red Sea archaeology, Newfoundland Archaeology, Kushite Archaeology, Beothuk culture, Nubian Archaeology, Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai, and Ancient Mesopotamia (History
ABSTRACT: Preface to the Guide: Focus and limitations: The compilation of this guide began in Spring 2007 as a series of check lists and book requests for the somewhat small collection of Egyptological and related works in M. H.... more
ABSTRACT: Preface to the Guide:
Focus and limitations:
The compilation of this guide began in Spring 2007 as a series of check lists and book requests for the somewhat small collection of Egyptological and related works in M. H. Sterne library at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. During the development of several courses on Ancient Egypt, the Ancient Near East, and other areas spanning Prehistory through to the Roman period (and later), the collection grew, and continues to expand, and began to require a research paper guide for students enrolled in courses dealing with these geographic areas and time periods. The nature of the prime cliental, namely undergraduate to MA students in a North American setting, in conjunction with limited funding, has steered –of necessity– the building of both Sterne library’s collections and this guide towards mostly English-language sources, less expensive works, and more easily available and more recent publications.
Overall aims:
In order to maximize student and public research usage of the existing, albeit still limited, collections, I have since compiled and incorporated selected journal articles, book chapters, encyclopedia entries, and other book titles from Sterne Library’s physical holdings (i.e., non-electronic sources) into diverse categories of research topics/subjects. In addition, every effort has been made to add a full listing of electronic sources (including links) available to researchers of the geographic and temporal areas covered by this guide (i.e., mainly Prehistoric to Roman period Egypt). The guide also provides general assistance for more serious/professional scholars (i.e., a quick reference to key articles, chapters, and volumes), but remains a tool aimed at English-speaking undergraduate-MA students and the public, focusing on Sterne’s holdings (note: other emerging Egyptological libraries will also approximate Sterne’s holdings).
Design and usage:
An attempt has been made to obtain sources spanning all aspects of Ancient Egypt and related areas, which have in-turn influenced the subdivision of the guide into general works, time periods, and diverse subject areas. Some of these categories have grown sufficiently large to merit further subdivision, such as the New Kingdom section, which has a general list of sources, materials regarding individual rulers, and a few affiliated topics of interest (Exodus; Sea Peoples). I have attempted to place each source (i.e., books; book chapters; encyclopedia entries; journal articles) under each pertinent topic category that it covers, but naturally I may have missed some categories, while there may be other complementary and broader works that cover such topics elsewhere. A list of the pertinent call number ranges has been placed at the end of the guide (see table of contents) to assist in the merits of additional shelf-browsing.
Beyond the guide:
Naturally there are numerous significant Egyptological sources outside Sterne Library’s holdings (including electronic links: e.g., JSTOR) that might be retrieved via interlibrary loan. Sterne Library’s current Egyptological resources, however, are sufficient to introduce most areas of Egyptological research, and enable the researcher to consult the endnotes/footnotes and bibliographic data listed in recent books, articles, and encyclopedia entries to compile a list of further resources that may either be accessed via interlibrary loan, or possibly by visiting directly a neighbouring professional Egyptological library: e.g., the instructor (UAB); Atlanta (Emory University); Memphis (Memphis State University).
The collections in other Birmingham and Alabama libraries have online links via Sterne Library’s website, and offer many duplicate and different Egyptological works that are often accessible to the public/students: e.g., Birmingham Public Library, Gorgas Library (UA). Naturally, I encourage students, faculty, and public researchers to see me for further assistance with this guide and their research topics.
Gregory Mumford (UAB)
14th May, 2015
PLEASE NOTE: This update placed a couple of dozen new titles into pertinent sections within the guide. Some additional sorting of various articles/entries is still required, but these articles can be found, unsorted, at the end of the guide (e.g., articles from KMT, JSSEA, EA, etc., listed chronologically and by issue). I anticipate another update before/by Jan. 1, 2016.
Focus and limitations:
The compilation of this guide began in Spring 2007 as a series of check lists and book requests for the somewhat small collection of Egyptological and related works in M. H. Sterne library at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. During the development of several courses on Ancient Egypt, the Ancient Near East, and other areas spanning Prehistory through to the Roman period (and later), the collection grew, and continues to expand, and began to require a research paper guide for students enrolled in courses dealing with these geographic areas and time periods. The nature of the prime cliental, namely undergraduate to MA students in a North American setting, in conjunction with limited funding, has steered –of necessity– the building of both Sterne library’s collections and this guide towards mostly English-language sources, less expensive works, and more easily available and more recent publications.
Overall aims:
In order to maximize student and public research usage of the existing, albeit still limited, collections, I have since compiled and incorporated selected journal articles, book chapters, encyclopedia entries, and other book titles from Sterne Library’s physical holdings (i.e., non-electronic sources) into diverse categories of research topics/subjects. In addition, every effort has been made to add a full listing of electronic sources (including links) available to researchers of the geographic and temporal areas covered by this guide (i.e., mainly Prehistoric to Roman period Egypt). The guide also provides general assistance for more serious/professional scholars (i.e., a quick reference to key articles, chapters, and volumes), but remains a tool aimed at English-speaking undergraduate-MA students and the public, focusing on Sterne’s holdings (note: other emerging Egyptological libraries will also approximate Sterne’s holdings).
Design and usage:
An attempt has been made to obtain sources spanning all aspects of Ancient Egypt and related areas, which have in-turn influenced the subdivision of the guide into general works, time periods, and diverse subject areas. Some of these categories have grown sufficiently large to merit further subdivision, such as the New Kingdom section, which has a general list of sources, materials regarding individual rulers, and a few affiliated topics of interest (Exodus; Sea Peoples). I have attempted to place each source (i.e., books; book chapters; encyclopedia entries; journal articles) under each pertinent topic category that it covers, but naturally I may have missed some categories, while there may be other complementary and broader works that cover such topics elsewhere. A list of the pertinent call number ranges has been placed at the end of the guide (see table of contents) to assist in the merits of additional shelf-browsing.
Beyond the guide:
Naturally there are numerous significant Egyptological sources outside Sterne Library’s holdings (including electronic links: e.g., JSTOR) that might be retrieved via interlibrary loan. Sterne Library’s current Egyptological resources, however, are sufficient to introduce most areas of Egyptological research, and enable the researcher to consult the endnotes/footnotes and bibliographic data listed in recent books, articles, and encyclopedia entries to compile a list of further resources that may either be accessed via interlibrary loan, or possibly by visiting directly a neighbouring professional Egyptological library: e.g., the instructor (UAB); Atlanta (Emory University); Memphis (Memphis State University).
The collections in other Birmingham and Alabama libraries have online links via Sterne Library’s website, and offer many duplicate and different Egyptological works that are often accessible to the public/students: e.g., Birmingham Public Library, Gorgas Library (UA). Naturally, I encourage students, faculty, and public researchers to see me for further assistance with this guide and their research topics.
Gregory Mumford (UAB)
14th May, 2015
PLEASE NOTE: This update placed a couple of dozen new titles into pertinent sections within the guide. Some additional sorting of various articles/entries is still required, but these articles can be found, unsorted, at the end of the guide (e.g., articles from KMT, JSSEA, EA, etc., listed chronologically and by issue). I anticipate another update before/by Jan. 1, 2016.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 29 moreNear Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Levantine Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Graeco-Roman Egypt, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, Nubia, Aegean Archaeology, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Second Intermediate Period (Egyptology), Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, Sudanese Archaeology, Egypt and Canaan, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Third Intermediate Period, Ptolemaic Period, Ancient Nubia, Exodus, the Sea Peoples, XIX - XX Dynasty in Egypt, the Hittites, the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Medittaranean, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, First Intermediate Period, Nubian studies, foreign relations during ancient Egypt's Middle Kingdom, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Kushite Archaeology, Egyptian-Levantine Relations, and Nubian Archaeology
RESOURCE GUIDE to selected publications, plus documentaries and lectures, on the Ancient Near East (Anatolia; Cyprus; Syria-Palestine; Mesopotamia; Arabia; Iran), including the Aegean and Egypt in the Levant, from Prehistory through the Roman periods (aimed at students/public) (277 pages;March 2020)more
ABSTRACT: This Ancient Near East and adjacent regions' resource guide represents an updated guide compiling diverse encyclopedae entries, book chapters, and various books (plus listing and reviewing many pertinent documentaries and Great... more
ABSTRACT: This Ancient Near East and adjacent regions' resource guide represents an updated guide compiling diverse encyclopedae entries, book chapters, and various books (plus listing and reviewing many pertinent documentaries and Great Courses lecture series) currently in, or being obtained for, my institution's limited, but growing library holdings for student, public, and faculty use. It may be of use for instructors with a similar range of resources in relatively small library collections, and will provide a basic starter guide for undergraduate and MA student papers. It aims mainly at Ancient Mesopotamia and adjacent areas, including Iran, the Indus Valley, Arabia, the Levant, Anatolia, and partly the Aegean and Egypt (the latter of which are covered more extensively by another guide). UPDATED: March 8, 2020, collating more sources into main guide, adding additional new items, etc.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, and 19 moreAssyriology, Levantine Archaeology, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Iranian Archaeology, Hittite, Ancient History of Cyprus, Ancient Near East, Alexander the Great, Aegean Archaeology, Sumerian & Akkadian literature, Old Babylonian period, Assyrian Empire, Ancient Greece (History), Ancient Anatolia, Indus Valley Civilization, Neo-Babylonian period, Hittite archaeology, Arabian/Persian Gulf Archaeology, and Archaeology of the Levant
ABSTRACT: G. D. Mumford list of 260+ dvd documentaries as supplementary aids for teaching courses/topics spanning Prehistory, historical times, and diverse cultures, societies, and regions across the globe (e.g., Ice Age; Egypt; Aegean;... more
ABSTRACT: G. D. Mumford list of 260+ dvd documentaries as supplementary aids for teaching courses/topics spanning Prehistory, historical times, and diverse cultures, societies, and regions across the globe (e.g., Ice Age; Egypt; Aegean; Anatolia; Syria-Palestine; Arabia; Persia; sub-Saharan Africa; Rome; Celts; Vikings; India; China; Japan; Easter Island; Inca; Maya; Aztecs; North America). This list is arranged by cultures/societies, periods, and regions and is updated periodically. Some of the listed documentaries still await viewing and instructor rating (I tend to place the best, or most appropriate, documentaries for viewing in-class [see separate pdf documentary response question sheets and web-links in my academia course folders]). The listed documentaries also encompass various documentary producers and commercially available programs on past civilizations: Acorn Media, Allegro, Ambrose, Athena, BBC, Cinema Epoch, DeAgostini, Discovery, EVN, GoodTimes DvD, History Channel, Koch Vision, Kultur/Cromwell, Monterey, National Geographic, NOVA, PBS, TimeLife, TLC, and Washington National Gallery of Art. In general, BBC and NOVA programs tend to represent the highest quality, but many of the other production companies have produced quite good programs as well (any/all other recommendations are very welcome). Please note: Even the "best" documentaries contain inaccuracies/errors, especially from non-specialist narrators and/or presenters, but otherwise many undergraduate students appear to appreciate documentary viewings as a generally effective, supplemental media (either in-class or as an online assignment) for providing students with illustrations/footage of various sites, periods, issues, specialists (usually via on-screen interviews), and different view points in an otherwise static classroom/lecture setting (UPDATED: Dec. 30, 2014).
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Our current understanding of Egypt's relations with the Sinai and Asia (1550-525 B.C.) relies heavily upon the extant textual-pictorial record, and has mostly neglected the full potential of the archaeological record, even... more
ABSTRACT: Our current understanding of Egypt's relations with the Sinai and Asia (1550-525 B.C.) relies heavily upon the extant textual-pictorial record, and has mostly neglected the full potential of the archaeological record, even during periods of relatively few or no contemporary historical sources. In contrast, the nature, proportions, and spatial and temporal distribution of Egyptian and Egyptianizing artefacts (from occupation, mortuary and cultic assemblages in the Sinai and a regionally representative selection of Levantine sites) are compiled from 19 subdivisions of the Late Bronze Age to early Persian period in comparison to the relative quantities of the extant preserved textual-pictorial sources and the nature of Egypto-Asiatic relations (i.e., distribution of products and personnel) recorded in these sources during the corresponding subdivisions of this time span. An examination of the overall Egyptian(izing) artefact proportions from individual and combined contexts at Levantine sites displays peaks in Egyptian activity during LB 1B (1450-1400 B.C.), late LB 2B to Iron 1A (1250-1150 B.C.), early Iron 2B (925-850 B.C.), and late Iron 2B-C (750-600 B.C.). Broad patterns also emerge from regression analysis and confidence testing (i.e., standard error) of the maritime and overland dispersal of Egyptian(izing) artefacts in the Levant. During most periods under study Egyptian(izing) artefact proportions (including various ranges of potential error) decrease from south to north along the Levantine coast, except in early-mid Iron 1B (1150-1050 B.C.) when a reverse regression occurs. This reverse regression may indicate a dispersal of Egyptian(izing) products from northern Phoenician sites, or the existence of northern maritime centres maintaining greater contact with Egypt. In contrast, the more complex west to east overland routes between the Levantine coast and inland sites in the southern Arabah, Negev, and Levant, yield a predominance (64.1%) of reverse regressions (i.e., increasing Egyptian[izing] artefact proportions) during the period of Egyptian imperialism (c.1550-1150 B.C.), and a predominance (74.1%) of standard regressions (i.e., decreasing Egyptian[izing] artefact proportions) during the post-imperial period (1150-525 B.C.) of little or no Egyptian domination (excepting isolated Egyptian military activity and the early Saite period of renewed imperialism).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 24 moreLevantine Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Cross-Cultural Studies, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Cross-Cultural Interaction (History), Egypt and Canaan, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Third Intermediate Period, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Mortuary archaeology, Settlement archaeology, Imperialism, Philistines, Sinai, ancient Red sea ports, Iron Age Levant, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Phoenician trade, Votive offerings, Negev, Kingdom of Judah, and Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai
ABSTRACT: This lecture was/is aimed mainly at the general public, but includes college level students and others, beginning with the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000-1550 BCE), but concentrating on the Late Bronze Age (1550-1200 BCE). The... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture was/is aimed mainly at the general public, but includes college level students and others, beginning with the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000-1550 BCE), but concentrating on the Late Bronze Age (1550-1200 BCE). The lecture covers (1) Minoan Crete and the Aegean in the Middle Bronze through early Late Bronze Ages (ca. 1900+-1450 BCE), (2) Mycenaean warrior kingdoms and palace citadels in Late Bronze Age Greece (ca. 1450-1200+ BCE), (3) legendary Troy (Hisarlik), the Trojan War, and other aspects of Late Bronze Age western Anatolia (ca. 1550-1200 BCE), (4) the mighty Hittite Empire to the east, dominating Anatolia to northern Syria (ca. 1420-1200 BCE), (5) the collapse of the Late Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean, including the Sea Peoples and other factors (ca. 1200 BC / 1177 BCE), (6) the aftermath of the end of the Late Bronze Age, and (7) some conclusions. PLEASE NOTE: This lecture extracted and modified slides from more extensive lectures and different courses I teach (e.g., Aegean and Anatolia; Bible Lands; Ancient Mesopotamia), which can be found elsewhere on my academia page.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This summary lecture was/is aimed mainly at the general public, but includes data pertinent to college level students and others. After introducing my background (briefly), the talk proceeded with Ancient Turkey’s (i.e.,... more
ABSTRACT: This summary lecture was/is aimed mainly at the general public, but includes data pertinent to college level students and others. After introducing my background (briefly), the talk proceeded with Ancient Turkey’s (i.e., Anatolia) significance & role(s) regarding (1) previous migrations to Europe, the Ice Age and early Neolithic, ca. 45,000 - 10,000 BCE, (2) the Early Neolithic at Gobekli Tepe (ca. 9600 - 8000 BCE) and at Nevali Cori (8600 - 7900 BCE), (3) the domestication of crops and animals (spanning ca. 7700-6200 BCE), including the early settlement at Jericho, (4) the diffusion of agriculture, livestock and some people to Europe (ca. 7000 – 5500 BCE), (5). early settlements in Neolithic-Chalcolithic Turkey, featuring Chatal Huyuk (ca. 5400* – 4000 BCE), (6). the Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic Europe, featuring the Ice Man (ca. 3200+/- BCE), and (7) a brief summary. PLEASE NOTE: The lecture refers to Anatolia as "Turkey" owing to the nature of the lecture's general public audience, but in my courses and other academic works "Ancient Turkey" is usually referred to as "Anatolia" or Asia Minor. This lecture extracted and modified slides from more extensive lectures and different courses I teach (e.g., Aegean and Anatolia; Bible Lands; Ancient Mesopotamia), which can be found elsewhere on my academia page.
Research Interests: Cannibalism, Neolithic Archaeology, Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Obsidian, Megalithic Monuments, and 15 moreNeolithic Europe, Upper Paleolithic, Otzi the iceman, Göbekli Tepe, Diffusion, Difussion of Innovation, Domestication, Çatal Hüyük, Jericho, Cayonu Tepesi, Herxheim, Nevali Cori, Ice Ages, Plastered Skulls, and Talheim (Germany; Neolithic)
ABSTRACT: This guest lecture and follow-up seminar on "War, Diplomacy, Peace, and Justice in Ancient Egypt" cover two class-days within a broader course (ANTH 505) dealing with the Anthropology of Peace, Justice, and Ecology. The ppt.... more
ABSTRACT: This guest lecture and follow-up seminar on "War, Diplomacy, Peace,
and Justice in Ancient Egypt" cover two class-days within a broader course (ANTH 505) dealing with the Anthropology of Peace, Justice, and Ecology. The ppt. contains materials and examples extracted from multiple lectures (Mumford Anth.309, 310, 446) and time periods from Predynastic through pharaonic Egypt, that have been selected, reformatted and revised accordingly, plus having new slides added into the lecture, to fit into a non-Egyptological course. The ppt consists of six sections, namely (1) sources and studying ancient societies, including war, peace, justice, etc., (2) some Ancient Egyptian attitudes regarding Egypt and the outside world, (3) some examples of war, conflict and their resolution within Egypt and between Egypt and other polities, (4) some examples of diplomacy, namely applications of managing political and other relations between Egypt & foreigners (i.e., international relations), (5) some examples of maintaining peace, from core concepts to peace within Ancient Egypt and between Ancient Egypt and others (e.g., diplomacy), (6) law and justice, with some examples of societal codes of conduct, rules/laws, law enforcement, and punishments, and (7) a brief conclusion. This lecture will be revised in the near future using the class and prime instructor's feedback and emerging course needs regarding this topic, but may be of interest to persons examining selected diverse aspects of past warfare, diplomacy, peace enforcement (i.e., maintenance of peace), crimes and justice, and related factors. I'll add a bibliography on Egyptological and Near Eastern sources for this topic. REVISED: Adding 26 slides, revised text, new formatting, etc.
and Justice in Ancient Egypt" cover two class-days within a broader course (ANTH 505) dealing with the Anthropology of Peace, Justice, and Ecology. The ppt. contains materials and examples extracted from multiple lectures (Mumford Anth.309, 310, 446) and time periods from Predynastic through pharaonic Egypt, that have been selected, reformatted and revised accordingly, plus having new slides added into the lecture, to fit into a non-Egyptological course. The ppt consists of six sections, namely (1) sources and studying ancient societies, including war, peace, justice, etc., (2) some Ancient Egyptian attitudes regarding Egypt and the outside world, (3) some examples of war, conflict and their resolution within Egypt and between Egypt and other polities, (4) some examples of diplomacy, namely applications of managing political and other relations between Egypt & foreigners (i.e., international relations), (5) some examples of maintaining peace, from core concepts to peace within Ancient Egypt and between Ancient Egypt and others (e.g., diplomacy), (6) law and justice, with some examples of societal codes of conduct, rules/laws, law enforcement, and punishments, and (7) a brief conclusion. This lecture will be revised in the near future using the class and prime instructor's feedback and emerging course needs regarding this topic, but may be of interest to persons examining selected diverse aspects of past warfare, diplomacy, peace enforcement (i.e., maintenance of peace), crimes and justice, and related factors. I'll add a bibliography on Egyptological and Near Eastern sources for this topic. REVISED: Adding 26 slides, revised text, new formatting, etc.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, Peace and Conflict Studies, and 14 moreCriminal Justice History, Diplomacy, Conflict Resolution, Peace History, Police History, History of Law, Ancient Egypt, History of Crime and Punishment, Diplomacy and international relations, History of Crime and Criminal Justice, History of Justice, History of Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement History, and History of Peace Treaties
ABSTRACT: The joint MoA and UAB/GlobalXplorer project at Lisht (co-directed by S. Parcak, M. Yousef, and A. Okasha) continued investigating the tomb of a Great Overseer of the Army, Intef in the 2016-17 seasons. This project explored the... more
ABSTRACT: The joint MoA and UAB/GlobalXplorer project at Lisht (co-directed by S. Parcak, M. Yousef, and A. Okasha) continued investigating the tomb of a Great Overseer of the Army, Intef in the 2016-17 seasons. This project explored the rock-cut main hall, entryway, eastern mudbrick causeway and an affiliated structure (monumental façade?) fronting the terraced, bedrock plateau edge; we also investigated part of the mudbrick entry complex for a tomb to the immediate south of Intef's causeway. The debris layers and floor in Intef’s hall and entryway revealed several phases in ancient to modern disturbance and looting, at least two separate periods in cutting rock-cut shafts for burial chambers in the hall and entryway, and numerous architectural fragments, artifacts, and human remains from the tomb and later periods of activity. The poor quality bedrock had necessitated the addition of stone wall slabs with inscriptions and scenes to embellish Intef’s central offering chamber, a northern chamber (for a false door), and the bedrock face fronting these chambers, including an elaborate built-up entryway to the central chamber. The hall’s southwest side contained traces of a tall niche, while a small, rock-cut niche lay above the floor in the hall’s southeast corner. Some inset square pillar bases with incised guidelines indicated that the hall had originally held four pillars, while a rock-cut door pivot socket suggested a wooden door lay within a built-up stone door frame dividing the hall from the entryway. Part of the hall contained stone paving, while the entry had mudbrick paving. (Sunday, April 22, 10:45 -11:15 am, Tucson Marriott University Park, ARCE AGM 2017 [abstract also published online by ARCE]). SPECIAL THANKS to Dr, Mostafa Waziri, the Secretary General of the Ministry of Antiquities (MoA), the project directors (S. Parcak: 2015-17; M. Yousef: 2015-16; A. Okasha: 2017), the officials and security offices of the MoA, our many colleagues and team members, Reis Omer Farouk, Adel Farouk, the qufti supervisors, and the workers from the Lisht region.
SUMMARY (original abstract submitted in Jan. 8, 2016): The December 2016 MoA-UAB pilot season at el-Lisht (co-directed by Sarah Parcak and Mohammed Youseff) focused upon partly clearing, recording, and securing a looted, elite, rock-cut... more
SUMMARY (original abstract submitted in Jan. 8, 2016): The December 2016 MoA-UAB pilot season at el-Lisht (co-directed by Sarah Parcak and Mohammed Youseff) focused upon partly clearing, recording, and securing a looted, elite, rock-cut tomb, and mapping it and its immediate surroundings using a differential gps. The tomb lay along the desert plateau's edge among many heavily looted, damaged and threatened tombs that lay to the east of the pyramid of Senwosret I. The selected tomb belonged to a general, Intef, who apparently served during the earlier part of Dynasty 12. This paper reports upon and assesses the initial findings of ex-situ pieces of decorated wall relief, architectural components, and the associated tomb chapel and adjacent shafts. It also compares the extant exposed portions of the tomb's design with other Middle Kingdom tombs. (The separate papers presented by the project directors provide further details regarding the site, looting, damage, conservation, risk assessments, and other findings and long-term objectives).
The December 2016 MoA-UAB pilot season at el-Lisht (co-directed by Sarah Parcak and Mohammed Youseff) focused upon partly clearing, recording, and securing a looted, elite, rock-cut tomb, and mapping it and its immediate surroundings using a differential gps. The tomb lay along the desert plateau’s edge among many heavily looted, damaged and threatened tombs that lay to the east of the pyramid of Senwosret I. The selected tomb belonged to a general, Intef, who apparently served during the earlier part of Dynasty 12. This paper reports upon and assesses the initial findings of ex-situ pieces of decorated wall relief, architectural components, and the associated tomb chapel and adjacent shafts. It also compares the extant exposed portions of the tomb’s design with other Middle Kingdom tombs. (The separate papers presented by the project directors provide further details regarding the site, looting, damage, conservation, risk assessments, and other findings and long-term objectives). ADDENDUM: This slide presentation represents a slightly longer one (117 slides) than the original edited version (113 slides) shown at ARCE, while a much longer, updated, one-hour version (196+ slides) has been compiled since the ARCE 2016 April meeting (it is being converted currently by S. Parcak, G. Mumford and M. Youseff into an article submission for JARCE --for submission at some point during the Fall of 2016). SPECIAL THANKS TO: The Ministry of Antiquities (MoA), S. Parcak, M. Youssef-Ali, Omer Farouk, C. Childs, M. Haight, S. Christadoulou, the qufti workforce, and the villagers of el-Lisht and neighbouring areas.
The December 2016 MoA-UAB pilot season at el-Lisht (co-directed by Sarah Parcak and Mohammed Youseff) focused upon partly clearing, recording, and securing a looted, elite, rock-cut tomb, and mapping it and its immediate surroundings using a differential gps. The tomb lay along the desert plateau’s edge among many heavily looted, damaged and threatened tombs that lay to the east of the pyramid of Senwosret I. The selected tomb belonged to a general, Intef, who apparently served during the earlier part of Dynasty 12. This paper reports upon and assesses the initial findings of ex-situ pieces of decorated wall relief, architectural components, and the associated tomb chapel and adjacent shafts. It also compares the extant exposed portions of the tomb’s design with other Middle Kingdom tombs. (The separate papers presented by the project directors provide further details regarding the site, looting, damage, conservation, risk assessments, and other findings and long-term objectives). ADDENDUM: This slide presentation represents a slightly longer one (117 slides) than the original edited version (113 slides) shown at ARCE, while a much longer, updated, one-hour version (196+ slides) has been compiled since the ARCE 2016 April meeting (it is being converted currently by S. Parcak, G. Mumford and M. Youseff into an article submission for JARCE --for submission at some point during the Fall of 2016). SPECIAL THANKS TO: The Ministry of Antiquities (MoA), S. Parcak, M. Youssef-Ali, Omer Farouk, C. Childs, M. Haight, S. Christadoulou, the qufti workforce, and the villagers of el-Lisht and neighbouring areas.
Research Interests: Egyptology, Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Middle Kingdom necropoleis (Egyptology), Ancient Art, and 16 moreAncient Egyptian Architecture, Middle Kingdom, Mortuary archaeology, Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Ancient Egypt, Egyptology - temple & tomb reliefs, Tomb Architecture, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Egyptian Art, Mortuary temple, Ancient Egyptian Art and Architecture, Lisht, Rock-cut Tombs, Rock-cut architecture, Ancient Egyptian non-royal tombs, and Military titles Middle Kingdom
SUMMARY: This talk summarizes the 2002, 2004, 2008, and 2010 excavation and study seasons at a late Old Kingdom fort in South Sinai. It represents a significant re-formatting of, but actually only a slight update to a previous 2010 power... more
SUMMARY: This talk summarizes the 2002, 2004, 2008, and 2010 excavation and study seasons at a late Old Kingdom fort in South Sinai. It represents a significant re-formatting of, but actually only a slight update to a previous 2010 power point (i.e., the extended version of a talk provided to the SSEA in 2010). For instance, this talk adds a slide on the recent discovery of Old Kingdom materials at Wadi el-Jarf, which lies on the west side of the Red Sea opposite Ras Budran.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Egypt’s changing relations with the Red Sea and adjacent areas during Dynasties 21–26 (1069–525 BCE). This paper aims to clarify some aspects of Egypt and the Levant’s changing roles in commerce with the Red Sea and adjacent... more
ABSTRACT: Egypt’s changing relations with the Red Sea and adjacent areas during Dynasties 21–26 (1069–525 BCE).
This paper aims to clarify some aspects of Egypt and the Levant’s changing roles in commerce with the Red Sea and adjacent regions during the Third Intermediate Period and Saite period (ca. 1069 – 525 BCE), including the nature of their contact with sub-Saharan Africa and Arabia and transmission of items from these regions to the Near East and East Mediterranean. This study indicates briefly some pertinent points regarding the political setting, outlines the variety of materials, products, and other exchanges between Egypt and these regions, examines the evidence for various routes and means of contact, and attempts to clarify the emergence of competing routes, monopolies, and trade in aromatics and other products regarding Egypt, the Levant, Arabia, and the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian empires. This broad research area has proved quite complex, yielding many difficulties in identifying and isolating the origins of diverse materials in the textual-pictorial and archaeological records, but the broad trends do seem to show Egypt competing increasingly and actively with other peoples and polities over the control of the Red Sea trade routes. The end of the Bronze Age and following Iron Age also remain a pivotal period in the appearance of alternate traders and trade routes along the Red Sea, western Arabia and the Levant regarding the transmission of Red Sea products, while the late 7th century BCE in Saite period Egypt forms a major turning point in the export of Arabian aromatics and Red Sea products to the East Mediterranean and Near East.
This paper aims to clarify some aspects of Egypt and the Levant’s changing roles in commerce with the Red Sea and adjacent regions during the Third Intermediate Period and Saite period (ca. 1069 – 525 BCE), including the nature of their contact with sub-Saharan Africa and Arabia and transmission of items from these regions to the Near East and East Mediterranean. This study indicates briefly some pertinent points regarding the political setting, outlines the variety of materials, products, and other exchanges between Egypt and these regions, examines the evidence for various routes and means of contact, and attempts to clarify the emergence of competing routes, monopolies, and trade in aromatics and other products regarding Egypt, the Levant, Arabia, and the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian empires. This broad research area has proved quite complex, yielding many difficulties in identifying and isolating the origins of diverse materials in the textual-pictorial and archaeological records, but the broad trends do seem to show Egypt competing increasingly and actively with other peoples and polities over the control of the Red Sea trade routes. The end of the Bronze Age and following Iron Age also remain a pivotal period in the appearance of alternate traders and trade routes along the Red Sea, western Arabia and the Levant regarding the transmission of Red Sea products, while the late 7th century BCE in Saite period Egypt forms a major turning point in the export of Arabian aromatics and Red Sea products to the East Mediterranean and Near East.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Towards clarifying various problems and politics behind the Red Sea trade (original title). This paper aims to clarify some aspects of Egypt’s changing role in relation to other peoples and polities in the Red Sea trade... more
ABSTRACT: Towards clarifying various problems and politics behind the Red Sea trade (original title).
This paper aims to clarify some aspects of Egypt’s changing role in relation to other peoples and polities in the Red Sea trade during the pharaonic period. The initial premise of this on-going investigation followed the concept that over time Egypt vied increasingly with Nubia (e.g., Kerma), Arabia, the Levant (e.g., Israel), and Near Eastern states (e.g., Assyria; Babylonia; Persia) for both access to and subsequently a growing importance in the international re-dispersal of aromatics and other products from sub-Saharan Africa, and possibly Southwest Arabia. One of the main goals has been to clarify better the shift between sub-Saharan Africa and Southwest Arabia’s relatively restricted local-regional role in trading aromatics and other products and the emergence and growth of an Egyptian, East Mediterranean and Near Eastern recognition and demand for the high quality products from this region in place of more easily available, cheaper, competitive local aromatics and other similar products. The research arena has proved quite complex, yielding many difficulties in identifying and isolating the origins of diverse materials in the textual-pictorial and archaeological records, but the broad trends do seem to show Egypt competing increasingly and actively with other peoples and polities over the control of the Red Sea trade routes. The end of the Bronze Age and following Iron Age remain a pivotal period in the appearance of alternate traders and trade routes along the Red Sea, western Arabia and the Levant regarding the transmission of Red Sea products.
Please note: In this initial talk I had provided additional coverage of 525-332 BC, which was cut from the shorter, ARCE 2013 version.
This paper aims to clarify some aspects of Egypt’s changing role in relation to other peoples and polities in the Red Sea trade during the pharaonic period. The initial premise of this on-going investigation followed the concept that over time Egypt vied increasingly with Nubia (e.g., Kerma), Arabia, the Levant (e.g., Israel), and Near Eastern states (e.g., Assyria; Babylonia; Persia) for both access to and subsequently a growing importance in the international re-dispersal of aromatics and other products from sub-Saharan Africa, and possibly Southwest Arabia. One of the main goals has been to clarify better the shift between sub-Saharan Africa and Southwest Arabia’s relatively restricted local-regional role in trading aromatics and other products and the emergence and growth of an Egyptian, East Mediterranean and Near Eastern recognition and demand for the high quality products from this region in place of more easily available, cheaper, competitive local aromatics and other similar products. The research arena has proved quite complex, yielding many difficulties in identifying and isolating the origins of diverse materials in the textual-pictorial and archaeological records, but the broad trends do seem to show Egypt competing increasingly and actively with other peoples and polities over the control of the Red Sea trade routes. The end of the Bronze Age and following Iron Age remain a pivotal period in the appearance of alternate traders and trade routes along the Red Sea, western Arabia and the Levant regarding the transmission of Red Sea products.
Please note: In this initial talk I had provided additional coverage of 525-332 BC, which was cut from the shorter, ARCE 2013 version.
Research Interests: Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Sub-Saharan Africa Archaeology (Prehistoric Archaeology), Nubian-Egyptian Relations, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), and 14 moreThird Intermediate Period, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Red Sea, Ethiopian archaeology, History of Pre-Islamic Arabia, ancient Red sea ports, Turquoise, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Archaeology of the Levant, Ancient Eritrea, Kushite and Saite Periods, Ancient Incense Trade, and Red Sea Trade
SUMMARY (taken from earlier, shorter, SSEA paper): Recent findings at a late Old Kingdom fort at Ras Budran (South Sinai). The 2002, 2004, and 2008 excavation seasons at Ras Budran, and a recent 2010 study season, have yielded a... more
SUMMARY (taken from earlier, shorter, SSEA paper): Recent findings at a late Old Kingdom fort at Ras Budran (South Sinai).
The 2002, 2004, and 2008 excavation seasons at Ras Budran, and a recent 2010 study season, have yielded a variety of emerging activity patterns for the main occupation within the fort: long-term storage places under an awning, food processing, baking and consumption zones, potential beer production, copper and turquoise working areas, and other activity zones. The 2008 season in particular yielded some evidence for an earlier occupation at the fort, which may pre-date or date to the initial construction and occupation of the fort (further work is needed to clarify this relationship). Further exposure of the outer areas of the fort's western "bastion" has led to additional speculation regarding whether it is actually solely a defensive feature, or may also function as a break water, or quay. In addition, it is increasingly uncertain now whether the fort was "abandoned" owing to its proximity to a stormier coastline than originally anticipated, or if a "destruction" is indeed indicated by the deep levels of burnt debris associated with broken in-situ pottery vessels (versus debris from cooking and baking activities). Other studies include an assessment of the pottery and shells regarding Egypto-Sinaitic and broader contacts in the late Old Kingdom, including issues revolving around the "collapse" of the Old Kingdom.
The 2002, 2004, and 2008 excavation seasons at Ras Budran, and a recent 2010 study season, have yielded a variety of emerging activity patterns for the main occupation within the fort: long-term storage places under an awning, food processing, baking and consumption zones, potential beer production, copper and turquoise working areas, and other activity zones. The 2008 season in particular yielded some evidence for an earlier occupation at the fort, which may pre-date or date to the initial construction and occupation of the fort (further work is needed to clarify this relationship). Further exposure of the outer areas of the fort's western "bastion" has led to additional speculation regarding whether it is actually solely a defensive feature, or may also function as a break water, or quay. In addition, it is increasingly uncertain now whether the fort was "abandoned" owing to its proximity to a stormier coastline than originally anticipated, or if a "destruction" is indeed indicated by the deep levels of burnt debris associated with broken in-situ pottery vessels (versus debris from cooking and baking activities). Other studies include an assessment of the pottery and shells regarding Egypto-Sinaitic and broader contacts in the late Old Kingdom, including issues revolving around the "collapse" of the Old Kingdom.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Recent findings at a late Old Kingdom fort at Ras Budran (South Sinai). The 2002, 2004, and 2008 excavation seasons at Ras Budran, and a recent 2010 study season, have yielded a variety of emerging activity patterns for the... more
ABSTRACT: Recent findings at a late Old Kingdom fort at Ras Budran (South Sinai).
The 2002, 2004, and 2008 excavation seasons at Ras Budran, and a recent 2010 study season, have yielded a variety of emerging activity patterns for the main occupation within the fort: long-term storage places under an awning, food processing, baking and consumption zones, potential beer production, copper and turquoise working areas, and other activity zones. The 2008 season in particular yielded some evidence for an earlier occupation at the fort, which may pre-date or date to the initial construction and occupation of the fort (further work is needed to clarify this relationship). Further exposure of the outer areas of the fort's western "bastion" has led to additional speculation regarding whether it is actually solely a defensive feature, or may also function as a break water, or quay. In addition, it is increasingly uncertain now whether the fort was "abandoned" owing to its proximity to a stormier coastline than originally anticipated, or if a "destruction" is indeed indicated by the deep levels of burnt debris associated with broken in-situ pottery vessels (versus debris from cooking and baking activities). Other studies include an assessment of the pottery and shells regarding Egypto-Sinaitic and broader contacts in the late Old Kingdom, including issues revolving around the "collapse" of the Old Kingdom.
The 2002, 2004, and 2008 excavation seasons at Ras Budran, and a recent 2010 study season, have yielded a variety of emerging activity patterns for the main occupation within the fort: long-term storage places under an awning, food processing, baking and consumption zones, potential beer production, copper and turquoise working areas, and other activity zones. The 2008 season in particular yielded some evidence for an earlier occupation at the fort, which may pre-date or date to the initial construction and occupation of the fort (further work is needed to clarify this relationship). Further exposure of the outer areas of the fort's western "bastion" has led to additional speculation regarding whether it is actually solely a defensive feature, or may also function as a break water, or quay. In addition, it is increasingly uncertain now whether the fort was "abandoned" owing to its proximity to a stormier coastline than originally anticipated, or if a "destruction" is indeed indicated by the deep levels of burnt debris associated with broken in-situ pottery vessels (versus debris from cooking and baking activities). Other studies include an assessment of the pottery and shells regarding Egypto-Sinaitic and broader contacts in the late Old Kingdom, including issues revolving around the "collapse" of the Old Kingdom.
Research Interests: Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, Cross-Cultural Studies, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), and 12 moreFortifications, Red Sea, Copper extraction and production, Egyptian Pottery, Sinai, Turquoise, Activity patterns, Egyptian-Levantine Relations, Ancient harbours and anchorages, Bread Moulds, Forts, and Red Sea Trade
ABSTRACT: Egypt and the incense trade (during the New Kingdom and Late Period). Ancient Egypt is well-known for its contact with the Red Sea region and Punt since late Predynastic times, as is evidenced by obsidian source-traced to... more
ABSTRACT: Egypt and the incense trade (during the New Kingdom and Late Period).
Ancient Egypt is well-known for its contact with the Red Sea region and Punt since late Predynastic times, as is evidenced by obsidian source-traced to Ethiopia and various Old Kingdom through New Kingdom textual-pictorial accounts of missions along the Nile and Red Sea to obtain aromatics and other products from Punt. Incense formed a necessary component in temple and mortuary rituals throughout Antiquity, and as such represented a highly lucrative trade item. Although Egypt’s ventures to obtain incense directly from Punt may have minimized costs and enriched Egypt as a mediator in this trade with Mediterranean and Near Eastern polities, evidence has begun to emerge for the development of alternative incense trade routes with Palestine during the Ramesside period. This evidence includes the dispersal of Northwest Arabian Qurraya ware (“Midianite”) pottery in the Negev, Southern Palestine, and Transjordan, Mediterranean links (i.e., fish bones) with the Red Sea region of the Negev, the coincidence of camel bones and Qurraya ware pottery in a Ramesside smelting camp near Timna (Southern Negev), and the sudden influx of wealth (associated with incense burners) in the Late Bronze IIB (Dynasty 19) level at a formerly relatively minor coastal site at Tel Nami (5 km north of Tel Dor in Canaan). The post-New Kingdom struggles for domination of the incense trade, including accounts of Solomon’s Red Sea ventures, Sheshonq I’s Negev campaign, and subsequent efforts to fortify the Negev region and routes between the Red Sea and Mediterranean, serve to emphasize the strategic nature and importance of this region, the control of which helped found the prosperous Nabataean kingdom at Petra.
NOTE: These highlights are a small part of a much more detailed study being completed in a manuscript intended for submission (for review and publication) in late 2015 - early 2016.
Ancient Egypt is well-known for its contact with the Red Sea region and Punt since late Predynastic times, as is evidenced by obsidian source-traced to Ethiopia and various Old Kingdom through New Kingdom textual-pictorial accounts of missions along the Nile and Red Sea to obtain aromatics and other products from Punt. Incense formed a necessary component in temple and mortuary rituals throughout Antiquity, and as such represented a highly lucrative trade item. Although Egypt’s ventures to obtain incense directly from Punt may have minimized costs and enriched Egypt as a mediator in this trade with Mediterranean and Near Eastern polities, evidence has begun to emerge for the development of alternative incense trade routes with Palestine during the Ramesside period. This evidence includes the dispersal of Northwest Arabian Qurraya ware (“Midianite”) pottery in the Negev, Southern Palestine, and Transjordan, Mediterranean links (i.e., fish bones) with the Red Sea region of the Negev, the coincidence of camel bones and Qurraya ware pottery in a Ramesside smelting camp near Timna (Southern Negev), and the sudden influx of wealth (associated with incense burners) in the Late Bronze IIB (Dynasty 19) level at a formerly relatively minor coastal site at Tel Nami (5 km north of Tel Dor in Canaan). The post-New Kingdom struggles for domination of the incense trade, including accounts of Solomon’s Red Sea ventures, Sheshonq I’s Negev campaign, and subsequent efforts to fortify the Negev region and routes between the Red Sea and Mediterranean, serve to emphasize the strategic nature and importance of this region, the control of which helped found the prosperous Nabataean kingdom at Petra.
NOTE: These highlights are a small part of a much more detailed study being completed in a manuscript intended for submission (for review and publication) in late 2015 - early 2016.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Aspects of life in a New Kingdom fort: Field II at Tell el-Borg, North Sinai. The Tell el-Borg and North Sinai projects (directed by James Hoffmeier) have produced diverse New Kingdom activity and installations along the... more
ABSTRACT: Aspects of life in a New Kingdom fort: Field II at Tell el-Borg, North Sinai.
The Tell el-Borg and North Sinai projects (directed by James Hoffmeier) have produced diverse New Kingdom activity and installations along the southern side of a Paleolagoon (Ta-denit: “the Dividing Waters”) to the east of Tell Heboua (ancient Tjaru). Field II encompasses the foundations and remains from an irregular walling system, possible shrine, courtyard, granite installations, water cistern, and industrial debris. This area lay along the northern side of a river channel separating it, an early New Kingdom settlement (Fields VI-VII), and cemetery (Field III) from a sequence of two forts (Fields IV-V; VIII) dating to Dynasties 18 and 19-20, respectively. The stone-lined water installation has some broad parallels to wells constructed within other New Kingdom forts and temples, and appears to have been subsequently reused as a series of seasonal plastered shallow basins –perhaps associated with wine-pressing (i.e., vineyards of Tjaru), a watering hole for draught animals (donkeys?; horses?), or another usage. The foundation of a North-South structure measuring 6.75 m by at least 7.60 m long has yielded three chambers at its northern end and some cultic and other debris nearby. It is reminiscent of the scale of the small village shrines at Deir el-Medina and Tell el-Amarna, and about two-thirds the size of Thutmose III’s shine at Gurob. An irregular walling system (1.70 m wide) and a few large granite blocks lie to the west of this structure, while traces of a substantial courtyard occur further to the south. Although the exact function(s) of this area remains somewhat speculative, preliminary analysis has revealed the presence of royal statuary, imported and foreign-style pottery derived from Cyprus (1%), Canaan (0.8%), and Mycenae (0.3%), and a predominance of bones from cattle (27%), pigs (24%), Nile fish (20%), and marine shells (19%) in contrast to other areas of the site where Nile Fish predominate (e.g., 53% and 32% from the forts in Fields III and IV, respectively). Field II has some parallels to the Dynasty 18 administrative and industrial complex found further to the east at Site A345 near el-Arish.
The Tell el-Borg and North Sinai projects (directed by James Hoffmeier) have produced diverse New Kingdom activity and installations along the southern side of a Paleolagoon (Ta-denit: “the Dividing Waters”) to the east of Tell Heboua (ancient Tjaru). Field II encompasses the foundations and remains from an irregular walling system, possible shrine, courtyard, granite installations, water cistern, and industrial debris. This area lay along the northern side of a river channel separating it, an early New Kingdom settlement (Fields VI-VII), and cemetery (Field III) from a sequence of two forts (Fields IV-V; VIII) dating to Dynasties 18 and 19-20, respectively. The stone-lined water installation has some broad parallels to wells constructed within other New Kingdom forts and temples, and appears to have been subsequently reused as a series of seasonal plastered shallow basins –perhaps associated with wine-pressing (i.e., vineyards of Tjaru), a watering hole for draught animals (donkeys?; horses?), or another usage. The foundation of a North-South structure measuring 6.75 m by at least 7.60 m long has yielded three chambers at its northern end and some cultic and other debris nearby. It is reminiscent of the scale of the small village shrines at Deir el-Medina and Tell el-Amarna, and about two-thirds the size of Thutmose III’s shine at Gurob. An irregular walling system (1.70 m wide) and a few large granite blocks lie to the west of this structure, while traces of a substantial courtyard occur further to the south. Although the exact function(s) of this area remains somewhat speculative, preliminary analysis has revealed the presence of royal statuary, imported and foreign-style pottery derived from Cyprus (1%), Canaan (0.8%), and Mycenae (0.3%), and a predominance of bones from cattle (27%), pigs (24%), Nile fish (20%), and marine shells (19%) in contrast to other areas of the site where Nile Fish predominate (e.g., 53% and 32% from the forts in Fields III and IV, respectively). Field II has some parallels to the Dynasty 18 administrative and industrial complex found further to the east at Site A345 near el-Arish.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Landscape Archaeology, and 13 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, Fort Ancient (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Cisterns (Archaeology), Fortifications, Sinai, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Votive offerings, Forts, and Egyptian Temples
ABSTRACT: Egypto-Levantine relations during the Iron Age to early Persian period: ca. 1150-525 BC. The Iron Age to Early Persian periods have produced varyingly preserved and diverse genres of textual-pictorial sources regarding... more
ABSTRACT: Egypto-Levantine relations during the Iron Age to early Persian period: ca. 1150-525 BC.
The Iron Age to Early Persian periods have produced varyingly preserved and diverse genres of textual-pictorial sources regarding Egypto-Levantine relations, which can be supplemented effectively by a quantitative analysis of the proportions of Egyptian(izing) materials within the material culture assemblages at sites throughout Syria-Palestine, and an examination of mortuary, cultic and occupation contexts from these sites; sufficient broad patterns have emerged from the variously biased assemblages, excavation areas and publications to suggest "real" fluctuations and peaks in Egyptian contact and influence. The evident peaks through time in Egyptian(izing) artefacts, from the overall quantified data, generally correspond to historically known peaks in Egyptian activity in Syria-Palestine. Similarly, broad categories of Egyptian artefacts and materials also parallel items mentioned in contemporary inscriptions, with supplementary information from both the textual and archaeological records. However, the archaeological record has provided a greater spatial coverage for Egyptian contact and influence within Syria-Palestine through time in contrast to the extant textual-pictorial record that contains a much less extensive and uneven spatial and temporal coverage for Egypto-Levantine relations during this time frame.
Please note: These findings summarizing the main points covered in my 1998 doctoral dissertation on this period (see Canadian government web-link, in my academia files, for a pdf copy of my doctoral thesis), and via an updated chapter contribution (2007) on this material in the A. B. Lloyd Festschrift (see pdf copy in my academia files).
The Iron Age to Early Persian periods have produced varyingly preserved and diverse genres of textual-pictorial sources regarding Egypto-Levantine relations, which can be supplemented effectively by a quantitative analysis of the proportions of Egyptian(izing) materials within the material culture assemblages at sites throughout Syria-Palestine, and an examination of mortuary, cultic and occupation contexts from these sites; sufficient broad patterns have emerged from the variously biased assemblages, excavation areas and publications to suggest "real" fluctuations and peaks in Egyptian contact and influence. The evident peaks through time in Egyptian(izing) artefacts, from the overall quantified data, generally correspond to historically known peaks in Egyptian activity in Syria-Palestine. Similarly, broad categories of Egyptian artefacts and materials also parallel items mentioned in contemporary inscriptions, with supplementary information from both the textual and archaeological records. However, the archaeological record has provided a greater spatial coverage for Egyptian contact and influence within Syria-Palestine through time in contrast to the extant textual-pictorial record that contains a much less extensive and uneven spatial and temporal coverage for Egypto-Levantine relations during this time frame.
Please note: These findings summarizing the main points covered in my 1998 doctoral dissertation on this period (see Canadian government web-link, in my academia files, for a pdf copy of my doctoral thesis), and via an updated chapter contribution (2007) on this material in the A. B. Lloyd Festschrift (see pdf copy in my academia files).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, and 13 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Third Intermediate Period, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Assyrian Empire, Ancient Warfare, Ramesside Period, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Kushite and Saite Periods, and Egypt and Bible
Abstracts of the 2012 Scholars' Colloquium of The Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities/Société pour l’Étude de l’Égypte Ancienne, held at the Royal Ontario Museum, November 30 - December 2, 2012
Research Interests:
Course summary: This in-class course aims to provide students with an up-to-date and fairly comprehensive introductory guide to multiple facets of past-current archaeology, including (1) a brief history of investigations, (2) the nature... more
Course summary: This in-class course aims to provide students with an up-to-date and fairly comprehensive introductory guide to multiple facets of past-current archaeology, including (1) a brief history of investigations, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3-4) finding, excavating, and dating sites, (5-12) approaches to assessing the evidence, such as social organization, environmental archaeology, subsistence and diet, technology, trade and exchange, cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, bioarchaeology, and explanations for change, (13) a review (looking at five case studies), and (14-16) concluding with an examination of archaeology and the public, the future of the past, and building a career in archaeology. The course includes a series of lectures, a few special topics (special lectures 1-3), attendance, the textbook readings and power point summaries of each chapter, two in-class exam/test reviews, and two exams/tests. Please note: I always revise and update each year’s offering of this course.
Assignments: A series of 6-10 culture studies (i.e., in-class documentary films; background power point data; textbook) focus on the 12 main questions/subjects addressed in the textbook (see nos. 1-12 above), and provide reinforcement by asking students to relay what both the documentaries and background power point data inform us about each of the 12 questions, with additional reference to the textbook readings (some supplementary online research is encouraged if some documentaries, or power point background data, are insufficient to answer a few of the questions). These assignments are due in sequence throughout the semester, in essence mostly once per week (see due dates below), and have a value of 6% apiece, for a total of 36%. Six of the culture studies are mandatory, while four serve as a potential means to raise grades for the four lowest scores amongst the optional through mandatory culture studies (i.e., “best 6” of 10 culture studies). The course also has a mid-term and final exam (20% each), two to three special lectures (to aid in test preparation) (6% x 2: 12%), in-class exam reviews, and an attendance grade (12%).
Objectives: In essence, the course materials and assignments are aimed to provide sufficient background to beginning archaeology students, and other interested persons, to enable one both to appreciate the broad scale of this developing discipline, and, if desired, to pursue more advanced studies and introductory fieldwork in archaeology in general. The readings and other materials furnish a selected introduction to the various fields and specialties within archaeology, such as various cultures in prehistory and historic times (e.g., studies on Prehistoric Europe, Stonehenge, the Celts/Romans, Vikings, China, Khmer Empire, India, Zimbabwe, Maya, Inca), and multiple approaches and specialties in archaeology (e.g., osteoarchaeology, conservation, linguistics/language, and other sub-fields of archaeology and anthropology).
Assignments: A series of 6-10 culture studies (i.e., in-class documentary films; background power point data; textbook) focus on the 12 main questions/subjects addressed in the textbook (see nos. 1-12 above), and provide reinforcement by asking students to relay what both the documentaries and background power point data inform us about each of the 12 questions, with additional reference to the textbook readings (some supplementary online research is encouraged if some documentaries, or power point background data, are insufficient to answer a few of the questions). These assignments are due in sequence throughout the semester, in essence mostly once per week (see due dates below), and have a value of 6% apiece, for a total of 36%. Six of the culture studies are mandatory, while four serve as a potential means to raise grades for the four lowest scores amongst the optional through mandatory culture studies (i.e., “best 6” of 10 culture studies). The course also has a mid-term and final exam (20% each), two to three special lectures (to aid in test preparation) (6% x 2: 12%), in-class exam reviews, and an attendance grade (12%).
Objectives: In essence, the course materials and assignments are aimed to provide sufficient background to beginning archaeology students, and other interested persons, to enable one both to appreciate the broad scale of this developing discipline, and, if desired, to pursue more advanced studies and introductory fieldwork in archaeology in general. The readings and other materials furnish a selected introduction to the various fields and specialties within archaeology, such as various cultures in prehistory and historic times (e.g., studies on Prehistoric Europe, Stonehenge, the Celts/Romans, Vikings, China, Khmer Empire, India, Zimbabwe, Maya, Inca), and multiple approaches and specialties in archaeology (e.g., osteoarchaeology, conservation, linguistics/language, and other sub-fields of archaeology and anthropology).
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: Guide to the course syllabus, scope, textbooks, assignments, and other course requirements, including a brief example and summary of how the archaeological and historical records are lost, distorted, and re-discovered (using... more
SUMMARY: Guide to the course syllabus, scope, textbooks, assignments, and other course requirements, including a brief example and summary of how the archaeological and historical records are lost, distorted, and re-discovered (using Ancient Egypt as an example). REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: Chapter 1, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers early searchers, explorers and archaeologists. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 1, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers early searchers, explorers and archaeologists. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: Chapter 2, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers the variety of the evidence remaining in the archaeological record across the globe, including wet sites, cold sites, dry sites, and... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 2, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers the variety of the evidence remaining in the archaeological record across the globe, including wet sites, cold sites, dry sites, and other sites; I have removed the case study from Tell Tebilla (now a separate lecture) and substituted a lengthy series of slides dealing with assessing artifacts from such things as materials, form, decoration, function, and context through broader questions and different types of analysis, focusing on Naqada II-type decorated pottery from Predynastic Egypt. In my view, the course textbook is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: Chapter 3, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers many approaches to looking for and finding sites, and archaeological remains within sites, such as historical and local reports,... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 3, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers many approaches to looking for and finding sites, and archaeological remains within sites, such as historical and local reports, ground reconnaissance (e.g., walking surveys; sampling strategies), aerial surveys (e.g., LiDAR; crop marks), satellite remote sensing, recording & mapping (e.g., GIS), subsurface detection (e.g., probes), ground-based remote sensing (seismic; acoustic; electromagnetic; magnetic; etc.), excavation techniques, underwater archaeology, and processing & classification. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Geoarchaeology, Aerial Archaeology, and 9 moreSurvey (Archaeological Method & Theory), Satellite remote sensing, Ancient Geography, Remote Sensing (Archaeology), Toponymy, Archaeological Excavation, Mapping, • Archaeological recording and survey methods., and LiDAR for Landscape Archaeology
SUMMARY: Chapter 4, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers archaeological dating methods and their applicability and limitations, including stratigraphy (relative dating), typologies (e.g.,... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 4, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers archaeological dating methods and their applicability and limitations, including stratigraphy (relative dating), typologies (e.g., seriation), linguistic dating, climatic clues (e.g., ice & deep=sea cores), absolute dating (e.g., pollen; ancient calendars; tree-ring/dendrochronology; radiocarbon dating; potassium-argon dating; uranium-series dating; thermoluminescence dating; optical dating; electron spin-resonance dating; global events; etc.). In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record; also including a case study on the instructor's work at a late Old Kingdom fort at Ras Budran, in South Sinai (Egypt). REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, Historical Archaeology, and 11 moreStratigraphy, Archaeological Stratigraphy, Dendrochronology, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Relative-Absolute dating, Palaeomagnetism, Ancient Egypt, Radiocarbon Dating (Archaeology), Varves, Geochronology and archaeological dating, and Ancient Climate Change
SUMMARY: Chapter 5, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers past social organizations, including hunter-gatherer groups (bands), segmentary societies (tribal societies), chiefdoms, and early... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 5, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers past social organizations, including hunter-gatherer groups (bands), segmentary societies (tribal societies), chiefdoms, and early state complex societies, with approaches to assessing settlement patterns, interpreting pertinent historical data, ethnoarchaeology, various ways to examine the various types of past social organizations and their variants, and looking at individuals, identity and society, gender and childhood, and other aspects. Two additional case studies highlighting social organization in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Rome. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Anthropology, Ethnoarchaeology, and 34 moreEthnography, Settlement Patterns, Identity (Culture), Oral history, Oral Traditions, Egalitarianism, Social Stratification, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Habitus, Prehistoric Settlement, Archaeology of ethnicity, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Maya Archaeology, Gender Archaeology, Ancient DNA (Archaeology), Chiefdoms (Archaeology), Individualism, Neolithic Europe, Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology), Settlement archaeology, Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology, Early state societies, Social organization, Chiefdoms, Tribal Societies, Open Air Sites, Cave Site, Central Place Theory, Tribes, Moundville, Political Boundary, Segmentary Societies, Early State Complex Societies, and Site Hierarchy
SUMMARY: Chapter 6, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers past environments, including looking at past global environment (e.g., winds; coastlines), past landscapes (e.g., glaciers; rivers;... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 6, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers past environments, including looking at past global environment (e.g., winds; coastlines), past landscapes (e.g., glaciers; rivers; buried/submerged landscapes), past plant environments, past animal environments, and past human environments. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, Paleoclimatology, Landscape Archaeology, and 30 moreRock Art (Archaeology), Archaeological Soil Micromorphology, Dendrochronology, Ecology, Prehistoric Europe (Archaeology), Prehistoric Art, Archaeology of Caves and Caverns (Archaeospeleology), Easter Island Archaeology, palaeoecology, palynology, Quaternary, archaeobotany, Glaciated Landscape Changes, Global Climate Change, Ice Age Cave Art, Archaeology of shell middens, Tree Ring, Dendrochronology, Climate Change, Megafauna extintion, Ice Core Paleoclimatology, Microfauna, Macrofauna, Site Catchment Analysis, Riverine Archaeology, Doggerland, Ancient Climate Change, Coppicing, Pollution in the Ancient World, Elands Bay, Plough Marks, Pollarding, Rock Varnish, Past Environments, Macrobotanical Plant Recovery, and Varves (archaeology)
SUMMARY: Chapter 7, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers how to assess past subsistence and diet, including plant food (e.g., macro- and microbotanical remains; plant residues; seasonality;... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 7, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers how to assess past subsistence and diet, including plant food (e.g., macro- and microbotanical remains; plant residues; seasonality; domestication), animal resources (e.g., macro-faunal remains; age, sex, and seasonality; domestication; small fauna; types of exploitation), and assessing diet from human remains (e.g., stomach contents; feces; teeth; isotopic methods; bone collagen). A small case study is placed at the end of this ppt. lecture, emphasizing some aspects of subsistence. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. UPDATED Oct. 20, 2019.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Anthropology, Zooarchaeology, Archaeobotany, Palaeolithic Archaeology, and 34 moreNeolithic Archaeology, Phytolith Analysis, Phosphate Analysis, Plant domestication (Prehistoric Archaeology), Cooking Residue Analysis, Subsistence systems (Archaeology), Residue Analysis (Archaeology), Domestication (Zooarchaeology), Residue and Use-Wear Analysis, Archaeology of Hunting, Ancient Agriculture & Farming (Archaeology), Cooking and Food Preparation (archaeology), Animal domestication, Seasonality, Strontium Isotope Analysis, Archaeology of food, Animal Husbandry and Livestock, Archaeology - Food ways, Microwear Analysis, Microfauna, Scavenging, Pollen analysis, Molluscs in Archaeology, Macrofauna, Ancient meals, Diet and Subsistence, Stomach Content Analysis, Animal Scavenging, Secondary Products Revolution, Isotopic Archaeology, Historical Cookery, Macrobotanical Plant Recovery, Sickle Blades, and Blood Analysis Archaeology
ABSTRACT: Special lecture no.1 uses the Old Kingdom (through late Old Kingdom) fort at Ras Budran project as a case study in which to prepare students in Anth.106 (Introduction to Archaeology [at UAB]) for part-2 in test-1, namely a... more
ABSTRACT: Special lecture no.1 uses the Old Kingdom (through late Old Kingdom) fort at Ras Budran project as a case study in which to prepare students in Anth.106 (Introduction to Archaeology [at UAB]) for part-2 in test-1, namely a series of steps in approaching designing a project/research topic, selecting pertinent staff, proposing different techniques by which one can find unknown sites (or locate little known, poorly located sites), some pertinent excavation and recording techniques, and a few post-excavation analyses that can be applied. This presentation had been updated and reformatted, but I have retained the earlier presentation as an alternate file for viewing. REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This ppt. serves as a summary guide to selected materials from chapters 1-7 from Renfrew and Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, Practice), extracting slides from each of the seven lectures preceding test-1 to aid... more
ABSTRACT: This ppt. serves as a summary guide to selected materials from chapters 1-7 from Renfrew and Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, Practice), extracting slides from each of the seven lectures preceding test-1 to aid in studying. Students are also recommended using the accompanying text, Archaeology Essentials, by Renfrew and Bahn, as a condensed summary of the pertinent details that are covered in the much larger, main textbook.
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: Chapter 8, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers what typically survives, what constitutes an "artifact", interpreting usage, obtaining materials (e.g., quarrying; mining),... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 8, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers what typically survives, what constitutes an "artifact", interpreting usage, obtaining materials (e.g., quarrying; mining), transporting materials, installing materials, manufacturing items, identifying function, experimental archaeology, etc., regarding stone, bone, antler, shell, leather, wood, plant, metal, faience, glass, and other materials and diverse artifacts. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. UPDATED Nov. 4, 2019: Revised formatting and a new slide or two.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Anthropology, Ethnoarchaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), and 57 morePalaeolithic Archaeology, Industrial Archaeology, Bone and Antler, Neolithic Archaeology, Ethnography (Research Methodology), Lithic Technology, Archaeometallurgy, Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Neolithic Europe, Ancient Textiles, Inca Archaeology, Acheulian (Archaeology), Underwater Archaeology, Lithic Refitting, Bone Technology (Archaeology), Lithic Technology (Archaeology), Easter Island Archaeology, Ancient Glass, Ancient Shipwrecks, Faience, Copper extraction and production, Ice Age Cave Art, Flint Mining, Iron Production, Copper, Pyrotechnology, Pottery technology and function, Non-destructive techniques of analysis of archaeological and art historicla materials, Microwear Analysis, Stone tools, Shipbuilding, Lithic Analysis, Beads drilling, Bone Tools, Acheulean, Stone Quarry, Stonehenge, Folsom Culture, Woodworking, Weaving/looms, Wood Technology, Ancient Woodworking, History of Architecture and Town Planning, Iron Working, Prehistoric Glass; Faience; Bronze Age, Clovis stone tool technology, land use and lithic resources procurement, Copper Smelting, Bone tools and Use-wear Analisys, Flint Knapping, Microdebitage, Ancient and Medieval Shipbuilding, Lost wax casting, Cire Perdue, Eoliths, Pseudomorph Archaeology, Heating Lithics (archaeology), and Wheel Technology (archaeology)
SUMMARY: Chapter 9, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers the various types of trade and exchange in past societies, and how one may assess it, including different types of interactions (e.g.,... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 9, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers the various types of trade and exchange in past societies, and how one may assess it, including different types of interactions (e.g., gift exchange), various scientific techniques (e.g., microscopic examination of materials; trace-element analysis; isotopic analysis), studying material and/or artifact distributions, assessing production and consumption, and analyzing the various means of exchange and interaction. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. UPDATED/REVISED Nov. 4, 2019, some editing and new formatting.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Anthropology, International Relations, International Trade, Reciprocity (Social and Cultural Anthropology), and 48 moreGift Exchange, Neolithic Archaeology, Gift Giving (Economic Anthropology), Obsidian, Neolithic Europe, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Isotopic Analysis, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), History of Diplomacy, Merchant communities, Dura Europos, Human Migration, Jadeite Axe, Naukratis, Obsidian Sourcing, Regression Analysis, Movement of obsidian, Lead Isotope Analysis, Barter, Thin Section Petrography, Redistribution, Neutron Activation Analysis, Social Status and Prestige, Negative Reciprocity, Ancient human migrations, Obsidian in Prehistory, Lapis lazuli, Baltic amber, Reciprocity, Big Man, Foreign Trade, Australian Aboriginal Archaeology, Early Hominin Migrations and Dispersals, Cape Gelidonya, Potlatch, Naucratis, Barter - Non Monetary Transacttions, Kültepe/Kanesh, Balanced Reciprocity, Market Systems, Reciprocity and Exchange, World System, Merchants and Merchant Colonies, Trend Surface Analysis Archaeology, Uluburn Shipwreck, Positive Reciprocity, Trace Element Analysis (archaeology), and Down-The-Line-Trade
SUMMARY: Chapter 10, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers approaches to assessing how humans began to think and adopt language, use symbols, view one's world, measure time, plan ahead,... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 10, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers approaches to assessing how humans began to think and adopt language, use symbols, view one's world, measure time, plan ahead, practice religion, care for the deceased, portray oneself, others, and aspects of one's world, and other concepts. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. UPDATED Nov. 7, 2019, some new images, text edits, significant re-formatting, etc.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Mythology, Landscape Archaeology, and 15 moreAncient Religion, Cognitive archaeology, Ancient Literacy, Symbolic Anthropology (Anthropology), Symbolism (Art History), Ancient Art, Mortuary archaeology, Mortuary Practices, Cognitive Maps, Historical Cultural Perspectives Studies, Anthropology of Religion, Artifact Design (Archaeology), Cross Cultural Aesthetics, Symmetry analysis of design, and cultural preferences
SUMMARY: Chapter 11, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers the bioarchaeology of people, including what evidence remains, how do we identify gender, life expectancy, age at death, height,... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 11, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers the bioarchaeology of people, including what evidence remains, how do we identify gender, life expectancy, age at death, height, weight, facial features, relationships, abilities (e.g., walking), hand usage (left versus right), speech development, behavior, disease, deformity, death, medical knowledge, nutrition, population studies, diversity within populations, evolution, and other aspects. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. UPDATED Nov. 25, 2019: Some re-formatting, minor edits, and some new slides.
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: Chapter 12, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers early explanations using migrations and diffusion to explain change, and more recent approaches and explanations such as processual... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 12, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers early explanations using migrations and diffusion to explain change, and more recent approaches and explanations such as processual archaeology, Marxist archaeology, and evolutionary archaeology, providing explanations for change (e.g., monocausal versus multivariate explanations), post-processual approaches (interpretive explanations), cognitive archaeology, agency, and other attempts to explain change in the past. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. UPDATED May 13, 2019: Various edits.
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: Chapter 13, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), provides five case studies to aid student comprehension of the preceding 12 chapters and approaches to understanding and interpreting past... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 13, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), provides five case studies to aid student comprehension of the preceding 12 chapters and approaches to understanding and interpreting past societies.
(a). Oaxaca Projects (Central America);
(b). The Calusa of Florida (Southeast U.S.);
(c). Australia hunter-gatherers;
(d). Khok Phanom Di (Southeast Asia);
(e). York/Jorvik Viking settlement (U.K.).
In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. UPDATED 24 March, 2015: added a slide and some re-formatting.
(a). Oaxaca Projects (Central America);
(b). The Calusa of Florida (Southeast U.S.);
(c). Australia hunter-gatherers;
(d). Khok Phanom Di (Southeast Asia);
(e). York/Jorvik Viking settlement (U.K.).
In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. UPDATED 24 March, 2015: added a slide and some re-formatting.
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: Chapter 14, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers diverse issues regarding archaeology and the public, how individuals and societies use archaeology, how archaeologists are... more
SUMMARY: Chapter 14, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers diverse issues regarding archaeology and the public, how individuals and societies use archaeology, how archaeologists are accountable to the public, and specific descendants of past populations, how the past is being destroyed, how we can save the past, how we interpret the past, how the past helps us today, and future archaeologists and others. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. UPDATED May 13, 2019: Some re-formatting and minor edits.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This special lecture is actually designed both to aid students (of Anth.106: Introduction to Archaeology) in (a) mastering approaches to and the interpretation of different aspects of the past, and (b) summarizing --within a... more
ABSTRACT: This special lecture is actually designed both to aid students (of Anth.106: Introduction to Archaeology) in (a) mastering approaches to and the interpretation of different aspects of the past, and (b) summarizing --within a 12-topic structure-- the results of my earlier work at Tell Tebilla (NE Delta, Egypt). The lecture begins with (1) early Searchers, (2). The evidence (brief), (3) Recent Searchers, (4) Dating, (5) Social Organization, and (6) Past Environment, and focuses a little more on (7) Diet and subsistence, (8) Technology, (9) Trade and Exchange, (10) Cognitive archaeology (religion; mortuary archaeology, etc.), (11) Appearance (mostly bioarchaeology), and (12) Change and explanations of change. Hence, the ppt. lecture uses both materials, data, and illustrations that are Tebilla specific and materials drawn from the textbook and other sources to aid in studying the 12 main aspects in the course, particularly topics 7-12 for test no.2. UPDATED: April 14, 2019 --adding in many some new images, text, re-formatting, etc.
Research Interests: History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, Landscape Archaeology, and 13 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Coffins/Sarcophagi (Egyptology), Egyptology - temple & tomb reliefs, East Greek Pottery, 1) cultural interconnections and trade (Egypt and Levant), Carthage, Punic Pottery, Mediterranean archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Punic world and Punic Archaeology, Phoenician and Punic Studies, archaeology of Sardinia in phoenician age, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Phoenician trade, Nile Delta archaeology, Egyptian Temples, and Tell Tebilla
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on Neolithic Europe, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of PBS/NOVA: "Iceman Murder Mystery" (also available online via... more
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on Neolithic Europe, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of PBS/NOVA: "Iceman Murder Mystery" (also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JySYyTA4Eo [53.09 minutes]). Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition).
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic Europe, focusing mainly upon the Ice Man, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of PBS/NOVA:... more
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic Europe, focusing mainly upon the Ice Man, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of PBS/NOVA: "Iceman Murder Mystery" (also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JySYyTA4Eo [53.09 minutes]). Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). UPDATED: 25 Jan., 2015.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on late Neolithic Britain, especially Stonehenge and its environs, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of PBS/NOVA: "Secrets... more
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on late Neolithic Britain, especially Stonehenge and its environs, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of PBS/NOVA: "Secrets of Stonehenge" (also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpUo_lr7nuU [53.10 minutes]). Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). UPDATED Jan. 2019. REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Anthropology, Remote Sensing, Landscape Archaeology, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), and 13 moreBell Beakers (Archaeology), Megalithic Monuments, Chiefdoms (Archaeology), Megaliths (Archaeology), Prehistoric Europe (Archaeology), Neolithic Britain and Ireland, Stonehenge, Megaliths, late Neolithic and Bronze Age barrows, Amesbury Archer, Stone Buildings and Stone Masons, Bluestones, and woodhenge
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the Indus Valley Civilization (Harrapan culture), with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of The Ancient Indus Valley... more
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the Indus Valley Civilization (Harrapan culture), with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of The Ancient Indus Valley Civilisation: The Masters of the River.
DOC: The Ancient Indus Valley Civilisation: The Masters of the River ... (via online link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnsatmxY7Kc [52 minutes]) --a full viewing of it reveals very good coverage, but avoid the close caption mode. A few interviews occur with a French scholar (in French without an English translation), but 95% of the documentary is in English;
Alternate documentary (with some coverage of Indus Valley Civ.):
Kultur: "India: A journey back in time" (also available online as
part 1/5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMRfJfMnRmo [10 minutes];
part 2/5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yEHoW1CjlI [10 minutes];
part 3/5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fXJzLjnJdg [10 minutes];
part 4/5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VOYM97mXeA [10 minutes];
part 5/5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khrXqMa0S0U [10 minutes]); OR ...
Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition).
PLEASE NOTE: Only the first 10 minutes of the Kultur documentary apply to the Ancient Indus Valley civilization; I have since located a second, longer, English language documentary dedicated to this region and period (web link above), but have yet to review it fully. Any further suggestions are very welcome: The background ppt. lecture and documentary are intended to introduce undergraduate students to the relatively less well-known --(i.e., to many North American students)-- ancient civilization in the Indus Valley. UPDATED 5 Feb., 2019: Reformatting mostly text and some additions (of previous version that has bibliographic entries, weblinks, etc.). REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
DOC: The Ancient Indus Valley Civilisation: The Masters of the River ... (via online link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnsatmxY7Kc [52 minutes]) --a full viewing of it reveals very good coverage, but avoid the close caption mode. A few interviews occur with a French scholar (in French without an English translation), but 95% of the documentary is in English;
Alternate documentary (with some coverage of Indus Valley Civ.):
Kultur: "India: A journey back in time" (also available online as
part 1/5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMRfJfMnRmo [10 minutes];
part 2/5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yEHoW1CjlI [10 minutes];
part 3/5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fXJzLjnJdg [10 minutes];
part 4/5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VOYM97mXeA [10 minutes];
part 5/5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khrXqMa0S0U [10 minutes]); OR ...
Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition).
PLEASE NOTE: Only the first 10 minutes of the Kultur documentary apply to the Ancient Indus Valley civilization; I have since located a second, longer, English language documentary dedicated to this region and period (web link above), but have yet to review it fully. Any further suggestions are very welcome: The background ppt. lecture and documentary are intended to introduce undergraduate students to the relatively less well-known --(i.e., to many North American students)-- ancient civilization in the Indus Valley. UPDATED 5 Feb., 2019: Reformatting mostly text and some additions (of previous version that has bibliographic entries, weblinks, etc.). REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Urban History, Urban Planning, and 16 moreIndian ancient history, Indian Ocean Trade, Irrigation water Management, Indus Valley Civilization, History of architecture, Pakistan Studies, Meluhha, Harbour Archaeology, Mesopotamian trade, Harappan Archaeology, Mohenjo-daro, Indian Ocean Maritime Trade, Granaries, Ancient Ports and Harbours, Harappan Civilization, and lothal
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the Roman Empire, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of BBC: "Pompeii: The last day" (also available online via... more
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the Roman Empire, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of BBC: "Pompeii: The last day" (also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlZ-SGfp6Os [49.16 minutes]). Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). UPDATED 26 Oct., 2017: Adding extra slides, text, editing, and major re-formatting following 12-topic format of in-class assignments. REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Classics, Roman roads, and 14 moreRoman Empire, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Pompeii, Societal Collapse, Ancient Rome, Ancient Engineering, Vesuvius, Roman Water-Mills, Water mills, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Fall of Rome, Trade Across Border, AD 79 Eruption, and Ancient Bridges
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on Celtic Europe, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of (a). BBC (1986): "The Celts, episode 1: The man with the golden... more
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on Celtic Europe, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of
(a). BBC (1986): "The Celts, episode 1: The man with the golden shoes" (available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i72wvqk0tbE [53 minutes]), or
(b). BBC: The Celts, Blood, Iron and Sacrifice (available online via Episode-1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA-itb5NwDU; Episode-2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGI6gud8MUo; Episode-3:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhkuLeobhXo [180 minutes]).
Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). UPDATED 21 March, 2019: Adding new slides, new text text, selected sources, and editing existing slides to-date. SLIGHT UPDATE (March 26) and edits: --having received and viewed a few new dvds on Celts, etc. REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
(a). BBC (1986): "The Celts, episode 1: The man with the golden shoes" (available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i72wvqk0tbE [53 minutes]), or
(b). BBC: The Celts, Blood, Iron and Sacrifice (available online via Episode-1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA-itb5NwDU; Episode-2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGI6gud8MUo; Episode-3:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhkuLeobhXo [180 minutes]).
Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). UPDATED 21 March, 2019: Adding new slides, new text text, selected sources, and editing existing slides to-date. SLIGHT UPDATE (March 26) and edits: --having received and viewed a few new dvds on Celts, etc. REVISED: 4 Oct., 2019 with revised formatting, some new images and text.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Celtic Studies, Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion), and 15 moreCelts (Archaeology), Celtic Archaeology, Glastonbury, Documentary Film, Iron Age Gaul (Archaeology), Hallstatt, Iron Age Europe, La Tene culture, Bog bodies, Crannogs, Brochs, Iron Age, Atlantic Scotland, Lindow Man, glauberg chief, Butser farm, Iron Age, U.K. experimental archaeology, and Gournay Gallic shrine
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the Vikings, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of (a). NOVA / Pbs: "The Vikings" (120 minutes; full online link not yet... more
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the Vikings, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of
(a). NOVA / Pbs: "The Vikings" (120 minutes; full online link not yet located);
(b). NOVA / Pbs: "The Secrets of the Viking Sword" (also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bz4_h58rfOw [54 minutes]).
(c). BBC: "Blood of the Vikings, parts 1-4," documentary mini-series (see online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C9c_dEhzbE [235 minutes]).
Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). UPDATED 25 March, 2015: Re-formatted to 12-topic approach used in questions sheets, with additional slides/data. Most recently added several pages of sources (books on Vikings in Scandinavia, Europe, Iceland, Greenland, and exploration; Viking sagas; Viking documentaries; contemporary Native North Americans in Newfoundland, Labrador and related areas). REVISED: 14 Feb., 2019. New images, text, formatting. UPDATED: Oct. 4, 2019, Many more slides, text, and other reformatting.
(a). NOVA / Pbs: "The Vikings" (120 minutes; full online link not yet located);
(b). NOVA / Pbs: "The Secrets of the Viking Sword" (also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bz4_h58rfOw [54 minutes]).
(c). BBC: "Blood of the Vikings, parts 1-4," documentary mini-series (see online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C9c_dEhzbE [235 minutes]).
Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). UPDATED 25 March, 2015: Re-formatted to 12-topic approach used in questions sheets, with additional slides/data. Most recently added several pages of sources (books on Vikings in Scandinavia, Europe, Iceland, Greenland, and exploration; Viking sagas; Viking documentaries; contemporary Native North Americans in Newfoundland, Labrador and related areas). REVISED: 14 Feb., 2019. New images, text, formatting. UPDATED: Oct. 4, 2019, Many more slides, text, and other reformatting.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Viking Studies, Viking Age Archaeology, and 10 moreVikings in the North Atlantic, Viking Age Scandinavia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Scandinavian Archaeology, Icelandic Sagas, Norse Greenland, Vikings, Newfoundland Archaeology, Vinland, and Jorvik ca 950-1050
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on Ancient China, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of (a). Kultur: "Ancient China, Lost Treasures of the Ancient World"... more
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on Ancient China, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of
(a). Kultur: "Ancient China, Lost Treasures of the Ancient World" (available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJuEDMADxcw; 50 minutes]),
(b). PBS/NOVA: "China's terracotta warriors" (available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ag2P_CoQiMQ [53 minutes]), or
(c). KOCH: "Secrets of China's First Emperor" (available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yb1CcvqJ0gc; [103 minutes]).
(d). PBS/NOVA: Chinese Chariot Revealed
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6wgc5g
Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). UPDATED: Nov. 4, 2019: New slides, images, text, and formatting.
(a). Kultur: "Ancient China, Lost Treasures of the Ancient World" (available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJuEDMADxcw; 50 minutes]),
(b). PBS/NOVA: "China's terracotta warriors" (available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ag2P_CoQiMQ [53 minutes]), or
(c). KOCH: "Secrets of China's First Emperor" (available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yb1CcvqJ0gc; [103 minutes]).
(d). PBS/NOVA: Chinese Chariot Revealed
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6wgc5g
Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). UPDATED: Nov. 4, 2019: New slides, images, text, and formatting.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Silk Road Studies, and 12 moreChina, Documentary Film, Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Chinese history (History), Subsistence systems (Archaeology), Technology (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Terracotta Figurines, Chariots, Ancient China, Terra Cotta Warriors, and Ancient Inventions
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the past cultures/societies of Ancient Cambodia during primarily the Classic Angkor period (i.e., the Khmer Empire), with text and images, and accompanying... more
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the past cultures/societies of Ancient Cambodia during primarily the Classic Angkor period (i.e., the Khmer Empire), with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of National Geographic, 2006: Angkor Wat / Der Glanz von Angkor Wat (also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gskysDR7BYw
[53 minutes]), or other options (see sources at end of ppt). Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). NEW: 29 Oct., 2019. This ppt. includes many weblinks (e.g., virtual Angkor), references to image sources (I've tried to be fairly thorough here), a summary of preceding and later periods of Cambodia's prehistory-history, a brief section on cultural heritage, and selected sources (scholarly; guide books; documentaries).
[53 minutes]), or other options (see sources at end of ppt). Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). NEW: 29 Oct., 2019. This ppt. includes many weblinks (e.g., virtual Angkor), references to image sources (I've tried to be fairly thorough here), a summary of preceding and later periods of Cambodia's prehistory-history, a brief section on cultural heritage, and selected sources (scholarly; guide books; documentaries).
Research Interests: Buddhism, Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Art History, and 15 moreSoutheast Asian Studies, Landscape Archaeology, Urban Planning, Cambodia, Silk Road Studies, LiDAR, Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Prehistory, Angkor, Societal Collapse, Hydraulic Archaeology, Khmer art and architecture, Khmer Empire, Hindusim, and indianization
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the past cultures/societies of Zimbabwe and adjacent regions, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of Time Life's: "Africa:... more
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the past cultures/societies of Zimbabwe and adjacent regions, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of Time Life's: "Africa: A History Denied" (also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InkYI9Bvua8 [51 minutes]). Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2016. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). UPDATED Nov. 8, 2019: Adding many updates, new data and slides, re-formatting, and some references.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, African History, and 15 moreIndian Ocean Trade, Zimbabwe, Ushabti, Indian Ocean Maritime Trade, Mapungubwe, Great Zimbabwe, Kilwa Kisiwani, Stone Masonry Walls, Zimbabwean History, African medieval history, Traditional Shona Culture, Stone Buildings and Stone Masons, History of Zimbabwe and South Africa, Gertrude Caton-Thompson, and Mutapa History
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the ancient Maya, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of NOVA / Pbs: "Lost King of the Maya" (also available online via... more
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the ancient Maya, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of NOVA / Pbs: "Lost King of the Maya" (also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeVI-tzku6k [54 minutes]). Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition). UPDATED 5 Dec, 2019: Various edits, and some added slides, images and text.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Mesoamerican Archaeology, Classic Maya (Archaeology), and 10 moreMaya Archaeology, Documentary Film, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Mayan Studies, Oaxaca, Maya Culture, Spanish conquest of the Americas, Central American Prehistory and Archaeology, Palenque, and Monte Albán
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the Inca and earlier cultures, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of NOVA / Pbs: "The Ghosts of Machu Picchu" (also... more
ABSTRACT: Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the Inca and earlier cultures, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of NOVA / Pbs: "The Ghosts of Machu Picchu" (also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRRwp8yOfuo [53 minutes]). Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2012. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (6th edition); UPDATED 12 April, 2019: Adding some new slides, formatting, and text.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, History of Chile, and 13 morePeruvian History, Documentary Film, Inca Archaeology, South American Archaeology, Inca Atahuallpa, Incas, Mummies, Machu Picchu, Pre-Columbian, Inca, Andes, Peru, South America, Archaeology, Anthropology, Francisco Pizarro, Moche Archaeology, Nazca Lines, and Conquistadors
ABSTRACT: FALL 2019 updated Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the Inca and earlier cultures, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of NOVA / Pbs: "The Ghosts of Machu... more
ABSTRACT: FALL 2019 updated Pdf copy of a power point presentation summarizing selected aspects on the Inca and earlier cultures, with text and images, and accompanying an in-class, video/dvd viewing of NOVA / Pbs: "The Ghosts of Machu Picchu" (also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRRwp8yOfuo [53 minutes]). Both the video/dvd viewing and power point presentation form the main sources from which students are asked to extract answers/data regarding 12 culture response questions on (1) early searchers, (2) the nature of the evidence, (3) more recent survey and excavation projects, (4) dating methods and chronology, (5) social organization, (6) the associated environment, (7) subsistence and diet, (8) technology, (9) trade and exchange, (10) cognitive archaeology, art, and religion, (11) bioarchaeology, and (12) why and how did things change. These response questions/topics follow and reinforce readings in the first 12 chapters of the course textbook, Renfrew and Bahn, 2016. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practices (7th edition); UPDATED 19 Dec, 2019: Adding many new slides, formatting, and text. TEMPORARILY PLACED HERE UNTIL I CAN FIX A GLITCH IN UPLOADING REVISED FILES TO SEPARATE, EXISTING AND EARLIER PAPER (above).
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: This 4-page response sheet is designed to accompany 10 culture study overviews (background summaries) and more detailed documentaries, following 12 topics and approaches that are covered in the course textbook (Renfrew & Bahn,... more
SUMMARY: This 4-page response sheet is designed to accompany 10 culture study overviews (background summaries) and more detailed documentaries, following 12 topics and approaches that are covered in the course textbook (Renfrew & Bahn, 2016. An Introduction to Archaeology: Theories, methods and Practice. London: Thames and Hudson). It has been updated to clarify the nature of the desired answers, their scope, and depth of detail. REVISED: Oct. 4, 2019 --revising the form a bit further to clarify it a bit better ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: A sample study guide to Exam-1 (mid-term) for the first part of the course, ANT.106 (Introduction to Archaeology), by G. Mumford (UAB), following chapters 1-7 in the course text book (Renfrew & Bahn 2012, Archaeology: Theories,... more
ABSTRACT: A sample study guide to Exam-1 (mid-term) for the first part of the course, ANT.106 (Introduction to Archaeology), by G. Mumford (UAB), following chapters 1-7 in the course text book (Renfrew & Bahn 2012, Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), the power point summaries for chapters 1-7, the special lecture(s) (e.g., instructor's excavation project), and selected culture studies, from the first half of the semester.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: A sample exam (no. 1 / mid-term) to the first part of the course, ANT.106 (Introduction to Archaeology), by G. Mumford (UAB), following chapters 1-7 in the course text book (Renfrew & Bahn 2012, Archaeology: Theories, Methods,... more
ABSTRACT: A sample exam (no. 1 / mid-term) to the first part of the course, ANT.106 (Introduction to Archaeology), by G. Mumford (UAB), following chapters 1-7 in the course text book (Renfrew & Bahn 2012, Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), the power point summaries for chapters 1-7, the special lecture(s) (e.g., instructor's excavation project), and selected culture studies, from the first half of the semester.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: A sample study guide to Exam-2 ("final") for the second part of the course, ANT.106 (Introduction to Archaeology), by G. Mumford (UAB), following chapters 8-16 in the course text book (Renfrew & Bahn 2012, Archaeology: Theories,... more
ABSTRACT: A sample study guide to Exam-2 ("final") for the second part of the course, ANT.106 (Introduction to Archaeology), by G. Mumford (UAB), following chapters 8-16 in the course text book (Renfrew & Bahn 2012, Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), the power point summaries for chapters 8-16, the special lecture(s) (e.g., instructor's excavation project), and selected culture studies, from the second half of the semester.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: A sample exam (no. 2 / "Final") to the second part of the course, ANT.106 (Introduction to Archaeology), by G. Mumford (UAB), following chapters 8-16 in the course text book (Renfrew & Bahn 2012, Archaeology: Theories, Methods,... more
ABSTRACT: A sample exam (no. 2 / "Final") to the second part of the course, ANT.106 (Introduction to Archaeology), by G. Mumford (UAB), following chapters 8-16 in the course text book (Renfrew & Bahn 2012, Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), the power point summaries for chapters 8-16, the special lecture(s) (e.g., instructor's excavation project), and selected culture studies, from the second half of the semester.
Research Interests:
COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course focuses mainly upon the “East Mediterranean,” particularly mainland Greece, the Aegean, and Anatolia, from the Neolithic through the Bronze Ages: ca.10,000 – 1,200 BCE. The main (recommended) course... more
COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course focuses mainly upon the “East Mediterranean,” particularly mainland Greece, the Aegean, and Anatolia, from the Neolithic through the Bronze Ages: ca.10,000 – 1,200 BCE. The main (recommended) course textbooks consist of C. Shelmerdine (ed.) (2008), The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, A. Sagona and P. Zimansky (2009), Ancient Turkey, and J. G. Macqueen (1986), The Hittites and Their Contemporaries in Asia Minor. These regions will be covered chronologically, starting more broadly with Neolithic through Chalcolithic period Europe, Greece, the Aegean, and Anatolia. The course will continue with a narrower coverage of Greece and Anatolia during the Early Bronze Age (ca. 3300–2000 BCE), Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000–1550 BCE), and the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1550–1200 BCE). Within each time period, we will examine ancient societies via their settlements, associated structures (e.g., housing; temples; tombs), material culture (e.g., art; artifacts; technology), religion, subsistence, and trade, with additional coverage of historical data in pertinent, better known periods.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS: The course includes grades for attendance/participation (10%), a series of (in-class) written responses to the best 10 of 12 documentaries (30% [3% each]), four straightforward tests/quizzes (40% [10% each; with pre-posted study guides]), and one 8-10 page research paper (2000-2500 words; 20% [with in-class and posted guidance]). Of note, three to four gratis absences are provided for illness, official UAB events, and other legitimate reasons, while further absences will entail a deduction of 0.5% per missed class (albeit with an opportunity to make-up additional absences by submitting a 500 word summary for each missed lecture from the pertinent readings and/or power point presentations).
COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims (1) to educate students in the broad archaeological, cultural, and related developments in Greece, the Aegean, Anatolia, and selected adjacent regions, including various key issues, from 10,000 BCE to 1200 BCE, with the addition of historical data in pertinent periods. The documentaries and written responses serve (2) to illustrate and reinforce selected time periods and topics, providing visual references, specialist views, and general narration. The four tests and guides should (3) aid students in focusing upon, comprehending, and memorizing the salient data and broader trends that characterize each time span, including society, architecture, material culture, technology, art, religion, and other aspects. The research essay enables students (4) to explore in more depth and in a more critical fashion a topic of interest not covered in sufficient detail in class, including guidance and feedback to assist in learning and refining the composition of college essays. This course also aims (5) to provide a sufficiently comprehensive overview to allow students to assess whether they wish to pursue more advanced studies regarding this cultural area and period, or a related aspect.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS: The course includes grades for attendance/participation (10%), a series of (in-class) written responses to the best 10 of 12 documentaries (30% [3% each]), four straightforward tests/quizzes (40% [10% each; with pre-posted study guides]), and one 8-10 page research paper (2000-2500 words; 20% [with in-class and posted guidance]). Of note, three to four gratis absences are provided for illness, official UAB events, and other legitimate reasons, while further absences will entail a deduction of 0.5% per missed class (albeit with an opportunity to make-up additional absences by submitting a 500 word summary for each missed lecture from the pertinent readings and/or power point presentations).
COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims (1) to educate students in the broad archaeological, cultural, and related developments in Greece, the Aegean, Anatolia, and selected adjacent regions, including various key issues, from 10,000 BCE to 1200 BCE, with the addition of historical data in pertinent periods. The documentaries and written responses serve (2) to illustrate and reinforce selected time periods and topics, providing visual references, specialist views, and general narration. The four tests and guides should (3) aid students in focusing upon, comprehending, and memorizing the salient data and broader trends that characterize each time span, including society, architecture, material culture, technology, art, religion, and other aspects. The research essay enables students (4) to explore in more depth and in a more critical fashion a topic of interest not covered in sufficient detail in class, including guidance and feedback to assist in learning and refining the composition of college essays. This course also aims (5) to provide a sufficiently comprehensive overview to allow students to assess whether they wish to pursue more advanced studies regarding this cultural area and period, or a related aspect.
ABSTRACT: Notes summarizing Neolithic to Chalcolithic Anatolia, Greece/Aegean and Europe (Spring 2017), albeit still rough and combining two formats (thematic and chronological), needing further streamlining and revisions.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Anatolian Studies, and 15 moreAnatolian Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Chalcolithic Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology), Ancient Greek History, Aegean Archaeology, Neolithic Europe, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), European Prehistory (Archaeology), Prehistory, Neolithic, and Aegean Prehistory
ABSTRACT: Study guide/notes summarizing Early Bronze Age in Anatolia (Turkey) and the Aegean, the latter of which is subdivided into the Mainland (Early Helladic), the Cyclades (Early Cycladic), and Crete (Early Minoan).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Anatolian Studies, and 15 moreAnatolian Archaeology, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Ancient Near East, Ancient Greek History, Aegean Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Minoan art and archaeology, Anatolian Prehistory, Ancient Greece, Ancient Anatolia, Bronze Age Greece, Cyclades, and Prehistoric Greece
ABSTRACT: Summary study guide of the Middle Bronze Age in Anatolia and the Aegean, including Crete (Middle Minoan to Late Minoan I), the Cyclades, and the Mainland (Middle Helladic to Late Helladic I).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Anatolian Archaeology, and 15 moreHittite, Ancient Near East, Mycenaean era archaeology, Ancient Greek History, Aegean Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Middle Bronze Age, Aegean Middle Bronze Age, Old Assyrian Karu/Colony Period in Anatolia, Theran Eruption, Middle Helladic period, Frescoes, Minoan Palaces, Middle Minoan Crete, and Late minoan IA
ABSTRACT: Summary study guide of the Late Bronze Age in Anatolia and the Aegean, including Crete (Late Minoan II-III) and the Mainland (Late Helladic I-III).
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: Lecture-1's introduction to the syllabus, course requirements, and general discussion of the geography of the Aegean and Anatolia, including topography, geology, flora, hydrology, precipitation, climate, and various resources... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-1's introduction to the syllabus, course requirements, and general discussion of the geography of the Aegean and Anatolia, including topography, geology, flora, hydrology, precipitation, climate, and various resources (with text accompanying adjacent slide images). Revised/updated adding many more geographical background slides for Greece and Anatolia in Aug. 2020.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, and 14 moreNear Eastern Studies, Anatolian Studies, Natural Resources, Anatolian Archaeology, Anatolian History, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Ancient Near East, Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology), Aegean Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Ancient Anatolia, Aegean Prehistory, and Ancient Landscapes
SUMMARY: Lecture-2 examines the Neolithic period in Anatolia, including trends, beginning with Gobelki Tepe and Nevali Cori, but with a major focus on Chatal Huyuk (in PART-1), including the history of investigations at Chatal Huyuk, its... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-2 examines the Neolithic period in Anatolia, including trends, beginning with Gobelki Tepe and Nevali Cori, but with a major focus on Chatal Huyuk (in PART-1), including the history of investigations at Chatal Huyuk, its setting, social organization, housing and shrines, subsistence (with a discussion of seasonality), and technology (i.e., many aspects of the material culture) at this site (the lecture on Chatal Huyuk continues in PART-2). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources (revised and re-formatted, Sept.,Oct. 2020).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, and 15 moreNear Eastern Studies, Anatolian Studies, Anatolian Archaeology, Turkey, Neolithic Archaeology, Plant domestication (Prehistoric Archaeology), The Neolithic Revolution, Mesolithic/Neolithic, Prehistory, Neolithic, Animal domestication, Göbekli Tepe, Çatal Hüyük, History of Architecture and Town Planning, and Nevali Cori
SUMMARY: Lecture-3 continues examining the Neolithic period in Anatolia, including trends, with a major focus on Chatal Huyuk, including trade, shrines, burials, clothing, and other aspects of this site (in PART-2), plus a brief summary... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-3 continues examining the Neolithic period in Anatolia, including trends, with a major focus on Chatal Huyuk, including trade, shrines, burials, clothing, and other aspects of this site (in PART-2), plus a brief summary of the Neolithic in Syria-Palestine, a summary of the parts 1-2 lectures, and selected sources. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources (new slides, sources, and formatting, Sept., 2020).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, and 15 moreNear Eastern Studies, Anatolian Archaeology, Ancient Religion, Turkey, Neolithic Archaeology, Religion and ritual in prehistory, Ancient Near East, Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Anatolia, Mortuary archaeology, Ancient Textile Technology, Movement of obsidian, Çatal Hüyük, Ancient Trade Routes, and Shrines and sanctuaries
SUMMARY: Lecture 4 examines the Chalcolithic period in Anatolia, including trends, with more focus on Southeast Anatolia. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 4 examines the Chalcolithic period in Anatolia, including trends, with more focus on Southeast Anatolia. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Sept., 2020 (some reformatting etc.).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, and 38 moreAnatolian Archaeology, Chalcolithic Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Ancient Metallurgy, Ancient Seals and Sealings, Kura- Araxes, Uruk Expansion, Copper age, Uruk Period, Ubaid expansion, Chalcolithic Metallurgy, Origins of Kura Araxes Culture, Beycesultan, Chalcolithic Anatolia, Kura-Araxes Culture, Çatal Hüyük, Kura-Arax Culture, Ancient Seals and Sealings; Archaeology, Ubaid culture, Halaf culture, Halafian culture, Kura Araxes culture, Mersin, Hacinebi, Late Chalcolithic, Uruk expansion, Seals and Sealings, Arslantepe, Ancient Imperialism, Habuba Kabira, Catal Hoyuk, Domuztepe, Can Hasan (Anatolia), Hacilar (Anatolia), illipinar (Anatolia), and Norsuntepe (Anatolia)
SUMMARY: Lecture 5 examines the Neolithic period in the Aegean, looking at the end of the Ice Age, transition to the Neolithic, and emergence of the Neolithic in the Aegean (including the settlement of some Aegean islands, such as Crete,... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 5 examines the Neolithic period in the Aegean, looking at the end of the Ice Age, transition to the Neolithic, and emergence of the Neolithic in the Aegean (including the settlement of some Aegean islands, such as Crete, and the adoption of domesticated fauna and crops from the Near East). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources (revised Sept., 2020).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, and 38 moreClimate Change, Landscape Archaeology, Palaeolithic Archaeology, Diffusion of Innovations, Mesolithic Archaeology, Mesolithic/Epipalaeolithic Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology), Ancient Greek History, Aegean Archaeology, Neolithic Europe, Mesolithic Europe, The Neolithic Revolution, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Mesolithic/Neolithic, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Human impacts on ancient environments, Prehistoric Figurines, Ancient Seals and Sealings, Terracotta Figurines, Human Impact on Environment, Anthropomorphic Figurines, Maritime Trade & Contact, Neolithic pottery, Neolithic figurines, Cultural Diffusion, Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, Indigenism, Deforestation, Deforestation and its impact, Demic diffusion, Obsidian in Prehistory, Human-modified landscapes, neolithic community in Sesklo, Late Neolithic Greece - Dimini, Franchthi Cave (Greece; Aegean; Prehistory), and Sidari (Corfu; Aegean)
Anth.245 Ppt. lecture-6: Neolithic Europe: Ice Age, Near Eastern roots, Neolithic lifestyle's spread, chronology, environment, settlements & society, subsistence, technology, trade, shrines & burials, proto-Indo-Europeans, appearance & change (Anth.245: Mediterranean Area, by G. Mumford; Oct. 2020)more
SUMMARY: Lecture 6 gives a broad, general overview on Neolithic Europe: the Ice Age's end; slow emergence of the Neolithic as Ice sheets, tundra & other components retreated northwards; the introduction of some Near Eastern domesticated... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 6 gives a broad, general overview on Neolithic Europe: the Ice Age's end; slow emergence of the Neolithic as Ice sheets, tundra & other components retreated northwards; the introduction of some Near Eastern domesticated animals & crops; focus on the Ice Man. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Sept.-Oct., 2020 (several new slides; reformatting, etc.)
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Climate Change, and 34 moreMesolithic Archaeology, Maritime Routes, Neolithic Archaeology, Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Migration Studies, Prehistoric Settlement, Ancient Near East, Impact of climate change on sea level rise, Corded Ware Culture, Neolithic Europe, Mesolithic Europe, Mesolithic/Neolithic, Holocene sea level change, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), European Prehistory (Archaeology), Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene, Neolithic Greece, Otzi the iceman, Last Glacial Maximum, Demic diffusion, Baden culture, Ancient Ships, Doggerland, Waterfront Archaeology, Ice Ages, Impressed Ware Culture, Carts and Wagons, Neolithic Farming, Neolithic Spread, Wheel Technology (archaeology), Homolka (Czech; Neolithic), Talheim (Germany; Neolithic), Passo di-Corvo (Itay; Prehistory), and Uzzo Cave (Sicily; Prehistory)
SUMMARY: Lecture 7 summarizes the Early Bronze Age in Anatolia, beginning with the Secondary Products Revolution, copper working, and the nature of EB I-II and EB III occupation across different parts of Anatolia. This lecture is designed... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 7 summarizes the Early Bronze Age in Anatolia, beginning with the Secondary Products Revolution, copper working, and the nature of EB I-II and EB III occupation across different parts of Anatolia. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: New formatting, some text revisions, a few new images (Sept.-Oct. 2020).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Anatolian Studies, and 34 moreUrban History, Anatolian Archaeology, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Kurgans, Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Mortuary archaeology, Settlement archaeology, Ancient Anatolia, Ancient Metallurgy, Early Bronze Age, Beycesultan, Ancient Mining and Metallurgy, Kura-Araxes Culture, Early Bronze Age Syria, Tin Mining and Metallurgy, Archaeology Of Troy, Sargon of Akkad, Akkadian Empire, Alacahöyük, Arslantepe, Secondary Products Revolution, Ancient Tin Sources, Sos Höyük, Royal Burials, Kurgan Studies, Troy Studies, Hissarlik, Alaca Hoyuk, Norsuntepe (Anatolia), and Kestel-Goltepe tin mine (EB Age, Anatolia)
SUMMARY: Lecture 8 provides a brief summary on the geographic setting and the findings from Early Bronze Age II-III Troy (Hisarlik). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 8 provides a brief summary on the geographic setting and the findings from Early Bronze Age II-III Troy (Hisarlik). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Text and image revisions, Sept.-Oct., 2020.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Anatolian Studies, Anatolian Archaeology, and 32 moreDevotional Shrines, Military Architecture, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Prehistoric Western Anatolia, Ancient Near East, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Ancient Anatolia, Ancient Metallurgy, Fortifications, Early Bronze Age, Troy, Troya, Ancient Trade Routes, Lapis lazuli, Archaeology Of Troy, Bronze Production, Megaron, Gold Archaeology, Planning and design of villages and urban, Troy Studies, Hissarlik, Potters Wheel, Troy Treasures, Apsidal buildings (East Mediterranean, Bronze Age), gate shrines (Mediterranean; Near East; Ancient), Poliochni (Aegean, West Anatolia, EB Age), and palisade fortification (Mediterranean area; Antiquity)
SUMMARY: Lecture 9 summarizes the Early Bronze Age in mainland Greece (Early Helladic), and the Cyclades (Early Cycladic). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 9 summarizes the Early Bronze Age in mainland Greece (Early Helladic), and the Cyclades (Early Cycladic). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Some new text and images (Sept.-Oct. 2020).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Metallurgy, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Chiefdoms (Archaeology), and 22 morePrehistoric Fortification (Archaeology), Ancient Greek History, Aegean Archaeology, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Ancient Greece (History), Ancient Greece, Ancient Metallurgy, Ancient Seals and Sealings, Aegean Bronze Age, Fortifications, Lerna, Tiryns, Early Helladic Greece, Archaeology Early Bronze Age Greece and Anatolia - Corridor Houses and EBA Architecture, Plough, Apsidal buildings (East Mediterranean, Bronze Age), Proto-corridor house (Early Bronze/Helladic Greece, Aegean), Sauce boat (EB Age Greece, Aegean), Urfirnis (EB Age Greece, Aegean), Lithares (Bull Sanctuary; EB Age Greece, Aegean), and tiryns Round House (EB Age, Greece, Aegean)
SUMMARY: Lecture 10 completes the summary of the Early Bronze Age in the Cyclades (Early Cycladic) and on Crete (Early Minoan). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 10 completes the summary of the Early Bronze Age in the Cyclades (Early Cycladic) and on Crete (Early Minoan). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Some new text and images (Oct. 2020).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Prehistoric Fortification (Archaeology), and 24 moreAncient Greek History, Aegean Archaeology, Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Fortifications, Early Bronze Age Cyclades, Copper, Cyclades, Prehistoric Cyclades, Big Man, Archaeology of the Cyclades, Phylakopi, Crete and the Cyclades, Nucleated Settlements, Franchthi Cave (Greece; Aegean; Prehistory), Sauce boat (EB Age Greece, Aegean), Urfirnis (EB Age Greece, Aegean), Kephala Culture (Final Neolithic, Aegean, Cyclades), Grotta-Pelos culture (Early Cycladic I; Aegean, Cyclades), Keros-Syros Culture (Early Cycladic II; Aegean, Cyclades), Violin figurines (East Mediteranean, late Neolithic - Early Bronze Age), Kastri (EB Age; Early Cycladic, Aegean), and Kavos (EB Age; Early Cycladic, Aegean)
SUMMARY: Lecture 11 provides a summary of MB Age Anatolia, including the Assyrian trade with Kultepe-Kanesh (bringing textiles, tin, & other items), and secondary Assyrian merchant trade (especially transporting copper) across Anatolia,... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 11 provides a summary of MB Age Anatolia, including the Assyrian trade with Kultepe-Kanesh (bringing textiles, tin, & other items), and secondary Assyrian merchant trade (especially transporting copper) across Anatolia, connecting other Anatolian city-states; discusses Indo-Europeans. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED Oct., 2020: Some new images, formatting, and added text.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Anatolian Studies, and 43 moreUrbanism (Archaeology), Anatolian Archaeology, Ancient Indo-European Languages, Anatolian History, Ancient Near East, Ancient Textiles, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Middle Bronze Age, Ancient Anatolia, Ancient Near Eastern History, Ancient Metallurgy, Ancient Seals and Sealings, Fortifications, Old Assyrian Karu/Colony Period in Anatolia, Indoeuropean Studies, Beycesultan, Shamshi-Adad I, Tin Trade, Hattusa, Acemhoyuk, Herat -Afghanistan, Archaeology of Caravans, Kultepe, Ancient Metals' Trade, Kültepe/Kanesh, Indo European Migrations, Ethnic Enclave, Mediator, Troy Studies, Wool Trade, Boğazköy, Hattusili, Kanesh Karum, Shamshî-Adad I, History of Textile Trade, Cappadocian ware (Anatolia, Middle Bronze Age), Hittite Ware (Anatolia, Middle Bronze Age), meteoric iron (Old Assyrian trade, Middle Bronze Age, Anatolia), Alisar (NW Anatolia, Archaeology), Hittite Old Kingdom (Middle Bronze Age, Anatolia), and King Warsama (Anatolia, Kultepe-Kanesh, Middle Bronze Age)
Anth.245 Ppt. lecture-12: Middle Bronze Age-LB I Aegean/Minoans, Part 1: Roots, setting, emergence, political structure, architecture, art, material culture, religion, and other aspects of Minoan palaces, shrines & society in Middle Minoan to LM I (Anth.245: Mediterranean Area, by G. Mumford; 2020)more
SUMMARY: Lecture 12 discusses the end of Early Minoan period, the rise of Middle Minoan period, and the emergence of palace centres on Crete. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 12 discusses the end of Early Minoan period, the rise of Middle Minoan period, and the emergence of palace centres on Crete. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Oct., 2020: Some new formatting, revised text, etc.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Cannibalism, Ancient Greek History, Minoan Pottery (Ceramic Analysis), and 46 moreAegean Archaeology, Skeuomorphism, Minoan Religion, Minoan art and archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Middle Bronze Age, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Minoan Archaeology, Minoan Civilisation, Ancient Metallurgy, Archaeology of Crete, Early State Formation, Fresco, egyptian and aegean archaeology, trade, Keftiu, Knossos, Aegean Archaeology, Mediterranean Archeology, the island of Crete, Minoan Peak Sanctuaries, Phaistos, Minoan Crete, Lustral Basin, Kamares Ware, Minoische Fresken - Minoan Frescoes, Akrotiri auf Thera - Akrotiri on Thera, Ishtar, Protopalatial period, Astarte, Cannibalism, anthropology and history, Asherah, Minoan, Crete, Zakros, Frescoes, Palace at Knossos, Gournia, Archaeology and Feasting, Bones Ivory Artefacts, Malia (Minoan Crete), Peak Santuaries, Taweret, Minoan Genius, Middle Minoan Crete, Stone Buildings and Stone Masons, Amethyst, Larnax, Neopalatial Crete, Petras - Siteia - Crete, Mount Dikte, Kato Syme (Crete, Minoan shrine), and Mount Iuktas (Crete, Minoan sanctuary)
SUMMARY: Lecture 13 continues the discussion of the Middle Minoan to Late Minoan palace centres on Crete, including the eruption of Santorini and slow decline on Crete leading up to the ca. 1450 BC "Mycenaean" domination of Crete... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 13 continues the discussion of the Middle Minoan to Late Minoan palace centres on Crete, including the eruption of Santorini and slow decline on Crete leading up to the ca. 1450 BC "Mycenaean" domination of Crete --politically? versus culturally? This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Oct., 2020, some revised formatting, text and images.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Gender Studies, Ancient Indo-European Languages, Gender Roles, and 46 moreAcculturation, Ancient Greek History, Aegean Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Middle Bronze Age, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Minoan Archaeology, Colonization, Ancient Seals and Sealings, Linear B, Linear A, Colonization studies, Cypro-Minoan, Knossos, Tholos Tombs, Miletos, Phaistos, Minotaur, Seals, Matriarchy, Daedalus, Akrotiri auf Thera - Akrotiri on Thera, Labyrinth, Cretan Hieroglyphs, Asherah, Ayia Irini, Kea, Greece, Palace at Knossos, Kommos, Gournia, Akrotiri, Thera, Phaistos disc, Malia (Minoan Crete), The Phaistos Disk, Matriarchal Societies, Shipsheds, Bull-leaping, Larnaca, Phylakopi, Middle Minoan Crete, Petras - Siteia - Crete, Minos, ancient shipsheds of the Mediterranean, Social and Political Hierarchy, Chania, Crete, cist tombs, and Trianda (Melos, Aegean, archaeology)
Anth.245 Ppt. lecture-14: Middle - Late Bronze/Helladic (MH I - LH III) overview: Chronology, roots, settlement patterns, architecture, social organization, change from tribal society to chiefdom to early states, trade and exchange, etc. (Anth.245: Mediterranean Area, by G. Mumford; revised 2020)more
SUMMARY: Lecture 14 provides an overview of the Middle Helladic through Late Helladic societies in mainland Greece, with a progression from "Big Men" (tribal societies) to chiefdoms, and eventally to various kingdoms emerging via palace... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 14 provides an overview of the Middle Helladic through Late Helladic societies in mainland Greece, with a progression from "Big Men" (tribal societies) to chiefdoms, and eventally to various kingdoms emerging via palace centres (i.e., the Mycenaeans). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Oct. 2020, new formatting, text modifications, etc.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Palaeoclimatology, Archaeology, Indo-European Studies, Military Architecture, and 44 moreAegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Mycenaean era archaeology, Chiefdoms (Archaeology), Ancient Greek History, Aegean Archaeology, Subsistence systems (Archaeology), Middle Bronze Age, Ancient Greece, Mycenaean, Aegean Bronze Age, Fortifications, Aegina, Linear B, Greek Mercenaries, Megara, Knossos, Tholos Tombs, Built chamber tombs, Lerna, Middle Helladic period, Minoan pottery, Emulation, Minyan pottery, Pylos, Mycenae, Megaron, Keos, Rock-Cut Chamber Tombs, Minoan, Crete, Zakros, Tiryns, Asine, Pottery Trade, Competitive Emulation, The Beginning of the Middle Helladic Period at Lerna, Mycenaean Chamber Tombs, Andesite Quarries, Andesite, Early States and Cities, Segmentary Societies, cist tombs, Apsidal buildings (East Mediterranean, Bronze Age), Tsoungiza (Aegean, Greece, Bronze Age), Archanes (Crete, Bronze Age), and Menalaion (Aegean, Greece, Bronze Age)
Anth.245 Ppt. lecture-15: Late Bronze Age Mycenaeans, Part 1: Settlements, citadels, palaces, workshops, housing, farms, tombs, art & architecture, material culture, and society, resources, economy, trade and administration; Mycenaeans and Crete (Anth.245: Mediterranean Area, G. Mumford; Oct. 2020)more
SUMMARY: Lecture 15 provides coverage on the art, architecture, state, administration, and economy of the Late Bronze Age Mycenaeans, and a discussion of the presumed Mycenaean takeover or domination of Crete (Minoans); the Minoan... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 15 provides coverage on the art, architecture, state, administration, and economy of the Late Bronze Age Mycenaeans, and a discussion of the presumed Mycenaean takeover or domination of Crete (Minoans); the Minoan initially influenced mainland Greece, while the Mycenaeans later influenced Crete. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Oct. 2020, new formatting, slides, and text, with some text modifications, and transferring the Mycenaeans and LM Crete section into this lecture (from Lecture 16).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, History of Sculpture, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Mycenaean era archaeology, and 33 moreChiefdoms (Archaeology), Cisterns (Archaeology), Ancient Glass, Early state societies, Ancient Metallurgy, Ancient Seals and Sealings, Faience, Early State Formation, Linear B, Minoan and Mycenaean economy and administration, Knossos, Ancient Roads, Tholos Tombs, History of Perfumes, Pylos, Minoan and Mycenaean Architecture and Urbanism, Mycenae, Chariots, Ancient and medieval arms and armour, Ivory Carving, Megaron, Big-men, Frescoes, Tiryns, Wanax, Ancient Faience and Viteous paste, Bridge in Ancient Architecture of World, Bull-leaping, Chariots In the Ancient World, Mycenaean Citadels, Aegean Frescoes, Sanitation and Hygeine, and Cyclopean Masonry
SUMMARY: Lecture 16 furnishes coverage of the Mycenaean state, issues regarding Mycenaean involvement in Late Minoan Crete, and Mycenaean tombs, burials, and religion of the Mycenaeans. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 16 furnishes coverage of the Mycenaean state, issues regarding Mycenaean involvement in Late Minoan Crete, and Mycenaean tombs, burials, and religion of the Mycenaeans. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Nov. 2020, several new slides and text (e.g., bioarchaeology), corrected text, new formatting, and a few other changes.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, History of Religion, Funerary Archaeology, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), and 22 moreDeath and Burial (Archaeology), Greek Archaeology, Mycenaean era archaeology, Burial Practices (Archaeology), Aegean Archaeology, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Funerary Architecture, Mycenaean, Aegean Late Bronze Age, Archaeology of Crete, Funerary Practices, Minoan and Mycenaean economy and administration, Aegean Archaeology, Mediterranean Archeology, the island of Crete, Archaeology of death and burial, Temples, Burial Customs, Mycenaean religion, Minoan and Mycenaean Architecture and Urbanism, Minoan Mycenaean economy and administration, Minoan Crete, Bronze Age Interconnections, Minoan and Mycenaean burial customs, Mycenaean Greece, and Mycenaean period
ABSTRACT: This (new) lecture summarizes diverse aspects of Mycenaean trade and interactions with various surrounding and distant regions, including the Cyclades, the Dodecanese (east Aegean), Macedonia (immediately to the north), the... more
ABSTRACT: This (new) lecture summarizes diverse aspects of Mycenaean trade and interactions with various surrounding and distant regions, including the Cyclades, the Dodecanese (east Aegean), Macedonia (immediately to the north), the Northern Aegean (near Macedonia), the region of Troy and the Black Sea (Northwest Anatolia), Anatolia (subdivided into Western Anatolia and inland/central Anatolia), Cyprus, Syria-Palestine (i.e., the Levant), Egypt, Italy (including mainly southern Italy, Sicily, the Aeolian Islands, and Sardinia), and an outlying discovery of two Mycenaean, LH IIIA-B sherds in southern Spain. The lecture spans mainly the Late Bronze Age through earlier Iron Age I (12th century BCE), and also examines the varying resources in the mainland (Mycenaean Greece), the options for traders/merchants and carriers facilitating contact between Greece and these regions, the shipwrecks at Uluburun, Cape Gelidonya, and Point Iria, and related aspects of East Mediterranean trade. PLEASE NOTE: The intended section on Mycenaean “decline, destruction and aftermath” is being folded into the “Sea Peoples” lecture (21) at the end of this lecture series, namely Lecture 21: The Sea Peoples’ component is complete, but the “Mycenaean” focus needs to be expanded.
Research Interests: Levantine Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology, Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), and 15 moreArchaeology of Dodecanese, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Bronze and Iron Ages in Italy (Archaeology), Late Bronze Age, Philistines, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Sea Peoples, Ancient Macedonia, Ahhiyawa, Archaeology of Cyprus, Cape Gelidonya, Mycenaeans, Bronze Age Spain, Point Iria (shipwreck; Late Bronze, Aegean, Argolid Gulf), and Uluburun Shipwreck
Anth.245 Ppt. lecture-18: Late Bronze Age Hittites, Part 1: Old/Middle-New/Imperial Kingdom setting, administration, military organization, roads, economy, trade/exchange, law codes, society, religion, mortuary customs, and art & architecture (Anth.245: Mediterranean Area, by G. Mumford; Nov., 2020)more
SUMMARY: Lecture 17 provides a brief overview of the Hittites, their emergence, and the Hittite military system, social organization, religion, and other aspects. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 17 provides a brief overview of the Hittites, their emergence, and the Hittite military system, social organization, religion, and other aspects. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Revisions to formatting, some new text and images (revised Nov. 19, 2020).
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, and 41 moreAnatolian Studies, Divination, Anatolian Archaeology, Anatolian History, Ancient Religion, Hittite, Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern Art, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Ancient trade (Archaeology), Ancient Anatolia, Ancient Near Eastern History, Ancient Shipwrecks, Hittite Religion, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Ancient Law, Hittite archaeology, The Hittites, Ancient Near Eastern Religions, Ancient Roads, Hittitology, Hittite, Ancient Near East, Sea Peoples, Hittites, Chariot in the Ancient Near East, Sun Goddess, Hittite History, Chariots, Suppiluliuma I, Hattussili III, Cape Gelidonya, Storm God, Tudhaliya IV, Suppiluliuma II, Uluburun Wrek, Ancient Law Codes, Point Iria (shipwreck; Late Bronze, Aegean, Argolid Gulf), and Muwatallis II (Hittite ruler, LB Age)
Anth.245 Ppt. lecture-18: Late Bronze Age Hittites, Part 2: Settlement patterns and case studies: Hattusas (Bogazkoy), Yazilikaya, Eflatun Pinar, Alaca Hoyuk, Kusakli Sarissa, Ortakoy Sapinuwa. and Masat Hoyuk; sources; websites & video links (Anth.245: Mediterranean Area, by G. Mumford; 2018 Rev)more
SUMMARY: Lecture 18 focus mainly upon an overview of the Hittite royal capital, Hattusha, and includes other settlements and shrines across Anatolia. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e.,... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 18 focus mainly upon an overview of the Hittite royal capital, Hattusha, and includes other settlements and shrines across Anatolia. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Adding new sources on Hittites, documentaries, weblinks, and revised text, etc. (Nov. 2018)..
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Architecture, and 34 moreAnatolian Studies, Anatolian Archaeology, Urban Planning, Military Architecture, Architectural History, Hittite, Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Settlement archaeology, Ancient Anatolia, Hittite Religion, Fortifications, Hittite archaeology, The Hittites, Ancient Near Eastern Religions, Hittites, Hattusa, Documentary Archaeology, Ancient Architecture and Construction History, Resevoir engineering, Yazilikaya, Boğazköy, Sarissa, Ancient Housing, Alaca Hoyuk, Eflatun Pinar (Hittite water shrine, LB Age, Anatolia), Sapinuwa (Hittite state capital, LB Age, Anatolia) Ortakoy, Masat Hoyuk (Hittite city, palace, LB Age, Anatolia), Buyukkaya (LB Age Hattusas, Bogazkoy, Anatolia), Buyukkale, North Citadel (Hattusas, Bogazkoy, LB Age, Anatolia), Yerkapi rampart (Bogazkoy, Hattusas, LB Age Anatolia), and Shapinuwa (Hittite capital, LB Age Anatolia)
Anth.245 Ppt. lecture-19.a: Late Bronze Age Troy & Mycenaeans, Part 1: Geography, excavation, Strata VI-VII findings, re-assessment and significance in particular, later strata, more recent findings and their implications, and latest assessment (Anth.245: Mediterranean Area, by G. Mumford; 2018)more
SUMMARY: Lecture 19-a provides an overview on the city of Troy, the Trojan War, and other aspects of this settlement, its peoples, and their role in the Late Bronze Age and later periods. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 19-a provides an overview on the city of Troy, the Trojan War, and other aspects of this settlement, its peoples, and their role in the Late Bronze Age and later periods. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Dec. 2018, some re-formatting and editing.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, and 24 moreArchitecture, Landscape Archaeology, Military Architecture, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Ancient Near East, Mycenaean era archaeology, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Aegean Archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Mycenaean, History of architecture, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Aegean Late Bronze Age, Fortifications, Iliad, Ancient Architecture, Siege Warfare, Mycenaean period, ancient Siege Warfare, Hisarlik, Schliemann, Blegen, and Troy Studies
SUMMARY: Lecture 19-b furnishes a brief overview on one of the occasional enemies (and also a frequent trading partner) of Troy, namely the Mycenaeans, who are covered in more detail in several additional lectures. This lecture is... more
SUMMARY: Lecture 19-b furnishes a brief overview on one of the occasional enemies (and also a frequent trading partner) of Troy, namely the Mycenaeans, who are covered in more detail in several additional lectures. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the materials were extracted (see syllabus), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). The lecture summarizes the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), adding in other data, and furnishing numerous images to clarify information encountered within the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture alongside some of the key sources used for compiling the ppt. Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made, and my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. NOTE: I don't really use this lecture in-class, since the more in-depth Mycenaean lectures have superseded it, but it is handy for a quick overview for students ... (Dec. 2018).
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Lecture 21 ("Sea Peoples") appears in a variety of shorter, longer, and different forms in other courses I teach (e.g., Syria-Palestine; Ancient Mesopotamia; Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt), and includes a summary of the 13th... more
ABSTRACT: Lecture 21 ("Sea Peoples") appears in a variety of shorter, longer, and different forms in other courses I teach (e.g., Syria-Palestine; Ancient Mesopotamia; Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt), and includes a summary of the 13th century BC decline, a ca. "1200 BCE" (1177 BC) "collapse," and the 12th century BC aftermath of the Late Bronze Age in the Aegean, Anatolia, Levant (mainly Syria-Palestine), and Egypt. It includes a summary and selected bibliography at the end, extracted from a recent overview article I wrote on the Sea Peoples (published in Fall 2018).
Research Interests: Levantine Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Mycenaean, Ramesside Period, and 15 moreAegean Late Bronze Age, Piracy, the Sea Peoples, XIX - XX Dynasty in Egypt, the Hittites, the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Medittaranean, Cyprus and the East Mediterranean, Past climate change and impacts on human societies, History of Famines, Ramesses III, Sea Peoples, Hittites, Historical Earthquakes, Political System Collapse, Historical Droughts, The Philistines and Sea Peoples Cultures, 1200 Bce, and sea raiders
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: The Incredible Human Journey, Episode 3 on Europe (shown in-class; also available online via... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: The Incredible Human Journey, Episode 3 on Europe (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH43nnBBzOY [58 minutes]). The documentary looks at mainly the modern human migrations into Europe ca. 40,000 BP, encounters and interactions with Neanderthals, plus later human migrations into Europe, and with Europe, via Anatolia during the late Paleolithic through early Neolithic periods. These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks (REVISED: Sept. 2018).
Research Interests: Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Anthropology, Art History, Anatolian Archaeology, and 15 moreMigration Studies, Megalithic Monuments, Ancient DNA (Archaeology), Documentary Film, Prehistoric Europe (Archaeology), Neolithic Europe, Neanderthals (Palaeolithic Archaeology), Ice Age Cave Art, Göbekli Tepe, Stone tools, Homo Sapiens, Pech-Merle, Prehistory of Gibraltar, Migration route in Low Danube Romania, and Female ancestor Europa
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, National Geographic: Lost Cannibals of Europe (shown in-class; not easily available online; available as online rental and/or... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, National Geographic: Lost Cannibals of Europe (shown in-class; not easily available online; available as online rental and/or purchase via such web links as http://documentarystorm.com/lost-cannibals-europe/; and http://www.nationalgeographic.com/search/?search=lost+cannibals+of+europe). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks (REVISED: Sept. 2018).
Research Interests: Palaeoclimatology, Archaeology, Anthropology, Climate Change, Cannibalism, and 14 moreHuman sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion), Neolithic Archaeology, Neolithic Europe, Mesolithic/Neolithic, European Prehistory (Archaeology), Ancient Warfare, Neolithic, Strontium Isotope Analysis, Collagen, European Cannibalism, Ancient Climate Change, Linear Band Ceramic, Herxheim, and Ceramic Refitting
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, NOVA/Pbs: Iceman Murder Mystery (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JySYyTA4Eo [53... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, NOVA/Pbs: Iceman Murder Mystery (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JySYyTA4Eo [53 minutes]). This documentary summarizes the discovery and significance of the Iceman (Otzi), and includes more recent analysis, findings and interpretations regarding Otzi and his time period. These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Adding in a few new questions, the time markers for each question, and a full page of other documentaries and their links (Sept. 13, 2018).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Sardinia (Archaeology), Neolithic Archaeology, and 15 moreNeolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Medicinal Plants, Ancient DNA Research, Neolithic Europe, Alpine Archaeology, Travel in Antiquity, Lyme disease, Ancient diets, Lactose intolerance, Otzi the iceman, Copper, Early Agriculture, Ancient Tattooing, Pollen analysis, and Heart Disease
ABSTRACT: A fairly good documentary (albeit often way over- dramatized) to initiate a debate amongst students regarding some potential origins of the Atlantis myth via the eruption of Thera (Santorini) and the subsequent tidal wave that... more
ABSTRACT: A fairly good documentary (albeit often way over- dramatized) to initiate a debate amongst students regarding some potential origins of the Atlantis myth via the eruption of Thera (Santorini) and the subsequent tidal wave that damaged Minoan coastal installations, etc. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, History channel: "Atlantis myth" (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6OTB9CILOA [44.26 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Fall 2018: Adding in time markers for each question, names of specialists in pertinent sections, and additional documentaries on MInoans and Mycenaeans (at end of documentary).
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), and 15 moreDocumentary Film, Aegean Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Minoan Archaeology, Aegean Bronze Age, Ancient water systems, Ancient Engineering, Palaces and City Archaeology, Knossos, Myth of atlantis, Ancient lighting, Akrotiri, Thera, Ancient Tsunami, Santorini Thera, and Airflow in buildings
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Acorn: The Minotaur's Island (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LZ6JzBcXjU [95 minutes]).... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Acorn: The Minotaur's Island (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LZ6JzBcXjU [95 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Oct. 10, 2018.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion), Documentary Film, and 15 moreAegean Archaeology, Minoan art and archaeology, Minoan Archaeology, Mycenaean, Linear B, Bettany Hughes, Knossos, Myth of atlantis, Kamares Ware, Daedalus, Frescoes, Gournia, Sir Arthur Evans, Minoan Palaces, and Bull Leaping
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Acorn: The Minotaur's Island (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LZ6JzBcXjU [95 minutes]).... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Acorn: The Minotaur's Island (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LZ6JzBcXjU [95 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Oct. 10, 2018.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Cannibalism, Ancient Greek History, and 15 moreDocumentary Film, Aegean Archaeology, Minoan Religion, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Minoan Archaeology, Mycenaean, Viticulture, Ancient Shipwrecks, Knossos, Minoan, Crete, Zakros, Kommos, Mochlos, Murex Purple, Santorini Thera, and TT100: Rekhmira
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: In Search of the Trojan War, episode 1: The Age of Heroes (shown in-class; also available online via... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: In Search of the Trojan War, episode 1: The Age of Heroes (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkbUQKyie_w [55.31 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Adding in time-markers for each question, some revised questions, plus adding in a list of related documentaries (with some links) on the Mycenaeans and the Hittites.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology), Late Bronze Age archaeology, and 15 moreAncient Greek History, Documentary Film, Mycenaean, Mycenae Shaft Graves, Aegean Late Bronze Age, Agamemnon, Trade in the Bronze Age Aegean, Trojan War, Heinrich Schliemann, Hisarlik, Troy Studies, Frank Calvert, Troy Treasures, Dörpfeld, and Michael Wood
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: In Search of the Trojan War, episode 2: The Legend Under Siege (shown in-class; also available online via... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: In Search of the Trojan War, episode 2: The Legend Under Siege (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc8I2IuVxEw [56.51 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Time markers added to each of the sequential questions, with an added list and some links to related documentaries on the Minoans, Mycenaeans, Troy/Trojans, and the Hittites.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Homer, Mycenaean era archaeology, and 14 moreLate Bronze Age archaeology, Ancient Greek History, Documentary Film, Minoan Archaeology, Linear B, ILLiad, Helen of Troy, Tiryns, Sir Arthur Evans, Trojan War, Trojan Myth, Michael Ventris, Wilhelm Dörpfeld, and Carl Blegen
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: In Search of the Trojan War, episode 3: The Singer of Tales (shown in-class; also available online via... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: In Search of the Trojan War, episode 3: The Singer of Tales (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64QPz2t5T3A [55.14 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Nov. 2018, adding in time markers, clarifying a few of the questions, adding in recommended documentaries on Mycenaeans and Troy, and providing a few selected sources on Troy, the Iliad, and related topics.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Anatolian Studies, Oral history, and 15 moreOral Traditions, Mycenaean era archaeology, Ancient Greek History, Documentary Film, Aegean Archaeology, Iliad, Bardic Poetry, Trojan War, Homeric epic, Greek Dark Ages, Hisarlik, Trojan Myth, Ancient Greek Weapons and Armour, Homeric Catalogue of Ships, and Thisbe (Boeotia)
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: In Search of the Trojan War, episode 4: The Women of Troy (shown in-class; also available online via... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: In Search of the Trojan War, episode 4: The Women of Troy (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2lHDUvKPsM [59.36 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Nov. 13, 2018, adding in time markers, adding two questions, revising/clarifying some questions, and adding other related recommended documentaries and some sources.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Women's History, and 15 moreAnatolian Archaeology, Mycenaean era archaeology, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Ancient Greek History, Documentary Film, Aegean Archaeology, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Linear B, Helen of Troy, Iliad, Ancient Slavery, Trojan Women, Women in antiquity, Trojan War, and Troy Studies
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: In Search of the Trojan War, episode 5: The Hittite Empire (shown in-class; also available online via... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: In Search of the Trojan War, episode 5: The Hittite Empire (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyKIlRqRb58 [59.53 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Dec. 6, 2018, adding some new questions, putting in time markers for each question, clarifying some questions, and listing other related documentaries and selected sources on Troy.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Hittitology, and 14 moreHittite, Documentary Film, History of Diplomacy, Foreign Relations and Cross-Cultural contact, Mycenaean, Late Bronze Age, Hittite archaeology, Hittites, Miletos, Hattusa, Ahhiyawa, Tudhaliya IV, Troy Studies, and Hattusili III (Hittite ruler, LB Age)
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: In Search of the Trojan War, episode 6: The Fall of Troy (shown in-class; also available online via... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: In Search of the Trojan War, episode 6: The Fall of Troy (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBk9j9Slb1Y [58.24 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Dec. 5, 2018.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Homer, and 15 moreAncient Greek History, Mycenaean, Odyssey, the Sea Peoples, XIX - XX Dynasty in Egypt, the Hittites, the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Medittaranean, Sea Peoples, Hittites, Troy, Pylos, Hattusa, Mycenae, Tiryns, Isthmus of Corinth, Trojan War, Thebes, Boeotia, and Tudhaliya IV
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of 112 sequential questions drawn from the video, PBS: Helen of Troy (115 minutes; presented by Bettany Hughes). The documentary examines what we know about Helen of Troy from... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of 112 sequential questions drawn from the video, PBS: Helen of Troy (115 minutes; presented by Bettany Hughes). The documentary examines what we know about Helen of Troy from Homer's Iliad and the mixed opinions and assessments of later writers and popular folklore. Bettany Hughes also places Helen of Troy within the broader perspective of what we know about elite Late Bronze Age women in Mycenaean Greece and Anatolia (e.g., Hittites), and other aspects of the circumstances revolving around the Trojan War, similar situations known from the Late Bronze Age, and other aspects of this period (e.g., warfare; trade; etc.). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Anthropology, Women's History, and 15 moreDocumentary Film, Mycenaean, Ancient Sparta, Helen of Troy, Late Bronze Age, Iliad, Hittites, Mycenaean religion, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Hattusa, Mycenae, Chariots, Late Bronze Age trade, Ancient Greece Marriage Customs, and Troy Studies
Course description: ANTH.309/ARH.409 is designed to be an introductory course to “Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids,” starting briefly with the roots of Egyptian civilization in Prehistory and the Predynastic periods, and focusing upon the... more
Course description: ANTH.309/ARH.409 is designed to be an introductory course to “Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids,” starting briefly with the roots of Egyptian civilization in Prehistory and the Predynastic periods, and focusing upon the Early Dynastic through Second Intermediate Period: Dynasties 1-17: ca.3000-1550 BCE). This time frame naturally begins as a more archaeological treatment and becomes increasingly “historical” once inscriptional and pictorial data emerge in the late Predynastic period and early Pharaonic times. The course also attempts to cover many aspects of Ancient Egypt, including archaeology, history, art, architecture, religion, literature, and other topics. Documentaries will be shown over eight classes during the semester to augment the lecture materials and provide other scholarly views on aspects of Prehistory through to the advent of the Imperial period. In essence, this course aims to be a fairly comprehensive overview of multiple aspects of this period, and a “gateway” course to furnish interested students with sufficient information to pursue more advanced studies in this field, related fields, or a more focused aspect of the subject material.
ABSTRACT: A general introduction to this course, focusing on outlining the syllabus, course requirements, objectives, and other aspects. UPDATED: Jan. 25, 2016 (fuller version of introduction than previous 2014/15 ppt.)
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses upon the gradual loss of knowledge about pharaonic Egypt, in the late Roman period and during the subsequent Coptic-Islamic periods, and the (western) re-discovery of Ancient Egypt in the Renaissance via... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses upon the gradual loss of knowledge about pharaonic Egypt, in the late Roman period and during the subsequent Coptic-Islamic periods, and the (western) re-discovery of Ancient Egypt in the Renaissance via classical authors, the uncovering and/or re-examination of ex-situ Egyptian monuments in Rome (and elsewhere), increasing ventures to and publications on visits to Ancient Egyptian sites, and the Napoleonic expedition to Egypt. It continues with an overview of the search for a key to understanding Egyptian hieroglyphs and the decipherment of the Rosetta Stone (1822), treasure hunting in Egypt in the 1800s, and the evolution of scientific archaeological investigations in Egypt. It also provides a summary of the various types of evidence available to Egyptologists, including the benefits and limitations of each type (e.g., texts; material culture), and how one pulls together a wide array of different evidence to reconstruct the past history, lifeways, and related aspects concerning Ancient Egypt. It ends with a summary of Ancient Egyptian language. UPDATED: 25 Jan. 2016.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides a broad overview of Ancient (through modern) Egypt's geography, including the Western and Eastern Deserts, Nubia, the Nile Valley, the delta, and Sinai, geology, topography, climate, vegetation, fauna,... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides a broad overview of Ancient (through modern) Egypt's geography, including the Western and Eastern Deserts, Nubia, the Nile Valley, the delta, and Sinai, geology, topography, climate, vegetation, fauna, metal, mineral and stone resources, their applications, and major routes, including changes over time in these and other aspects (e.g., delta coastline; Nile meandering; climate and changes in flora and fauna), the origins and introduction of domesticated flora and fauna, Nile flood season, agriculture, basin irrigation, dams, and other aspects. A summary is provided regarding Egypt geographic political subdivision (nomes: provinces), an example of the layout of an Ancient province (Thebes), and a typical floodplain settlement occupying higher ground (Avaris). UPDATED: 25 Jan. 2016: New slides and expanded sections and illustrative examples.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Ancient Geography, Ancient Agriculture & Farming (Archaeology), and 9 moreAncient Quarrying, Ancient Landscapes, Nile River Basin, Western Desert of Egypt, Eastern Desert of Egypt, Nile River, Ancient Climate Change, Flora of Ancient Egypt, and Ancient landscape
SUMMARY: This lecture begins with (1) a brief introduction to the evidence for the presence of early-modern humans in the Nile Valley and its environs, including Homo Erectus and subsequently humans (Homo Sapiens Sapiens), who resided in... more
SUMMARY: This lecture begins with (1) a brief introduction to the evidence for the presence of early-modern humans in the Nile Valley and its environs, including Homo Erectus and subsequently humans (Homo Sapiens Sapiens), who resided in Egypt as early as 1.8 million years BP (Before Present).
(2). The lecture next summarizes Egypt’s changing and fluctuating climate, topography, environment (fauna & flora), and various past human cultures that occupied Egypt's Nile Valley and adjacent regions throughout the following millennia: (a) The fluctuating wet phases in the Late Paleolithic to Middle Paleolithic (700,000 - 70,000 BP); (b) The fluctuating dry phases during the Trans.-Late Paleolithic (70,000 - 12,000 BP); (c) The increasingly wet phase in the Final Paleolithic to early Neolithic (12,000 - 7,000 BP [10,000 - 5,000 BC]); and (d) The increasingly dry phase in the Predynastic (7,000 - 5,000 BP [5,000 - 3,000 BC]).
(3). During these periods, stone tool technology evolved/changed from multi-purpose Acheulian handaxes (Lower Paleolithic: 500,000 - 250,000 BP) to Levallois blades/flakes (Middle Palaeolithic: 250,000-70,000 BP), to longer blades (Trans.-Upper Palaeolithic: 50,000 – 24,000 BP), to bladelets/microliths (Late Palaeolithic: 24,000 BP - 12,000 BP / 10,000 BC).
(4). The lecture summarizes how past human culture has changed in these various regions of Egypt, beginning with various groups of hunter-gatherers (700,000 - 12,000 BP), the rise of agriculture (12,000 - 7,000 BP [10,000 - 5,000 BC]) and various associated cultures, the rise of early settlements and different cultures (7,000 - 5,000 BP [5,000 - 3,000 BC]), and the rise of state (late Predynastic: ca. 5,000 BP / 3,000 BC). UPDATED: 25 Jan., 2016
(2). The lecture next summarizes Egypt’s changing and fluctuating climate, topography, environment (fauna & flora), and various past human cultures that occupied Egypt's Nile Valley and adjacent regions throughout the following millennia: (a) The fluctuating wet phases in the Late Paleolithic to Middle Paleolithic (700,000 - 70,000 BP); (b) The fluctuating dry phases during the Trans.-Late Paleolithic (70,000 - 12,000 BP); (c) The increasingly wet phase in the Final Paleolithic to early Neolithic (12,000 - 7,000 BP [10,000 - 5,000 BC]); and (d) The increasingly dry phase in the Predynastic (7,000 - 5,000 BP [5,000 - 3,000 BC]).
(3). During these periods, stone tool technology evolved/changed from multi-purpose Acheulian handaxes (Lower Paleolithic: 500,000 - 250,000 BP) to Levallois blades/flakes (Middle Palaeolithic: 250,000-70,000 BP), to longer blades (Trans.-Upper Palaeolithic: 50,000 – 24,000 BP), to bladelets/microliths (Late Palaeolithic: 24,000 BP - 12,000 BP / 10,000 BC).
(4). The lecture summarizes how past human culture has changed in these various regions of Egypt, beginning with various groups of hunter-gatherers (700,000 - 12,000 BP), the rise of agriculture (12,000 - 7,000 BP [10,000 - 5,000 BC]) and various associated cultures, the rise of early settlements and different cultures (7,000 - 5,000 BP [5,000 - 3,000 BC]), and the rise of state (late Predynastic: ca. 5,000 BP / 3,000 BC). UPDATED: 25 Jan., 2016
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: This lecture covers how Predynastic Egyptian society moves from emerging pastoralists and farmers to a sedentary, urban society with increasing social stratification, differential wealth, and a marked leadership: (a). Housing... more
SUMMARY: This lecture covers how Predynastic Egyptian society moves from emerging pastoralists and farmers to a sedentary, urban society with increasing social stratification, differential wealth, and a marked leadership: (a). Housing evolves from circular huts (Naqada I) to rectilinear mud brick buildings (Naqada II-III); (b). Cult centres emerge with colossal stone statuary (e.g., Min), recognizable deities (e.g., Min), animal cults (e.g., elephants), and often become major cult centres (e.g., Hierakonpolis; Koptos); (c). Graves diversify, developing from simple ovoid-circular pits to rectilinear shafts, often containing one or more mud brick chambers (representing comparable dwellings); (d). The politically, wealthier southern polities and Naqada material culture emerge and come to dominate northern Egypt by Naqada III (40% to 98% Southern pottery occurs at Buto). This slow spread northward & domination over the north by Southern Egyptian material cultures’ broadly matches later historical accounts, legends, and myths. (e). Abydos, in Southern Egypt, has yielded an important/presumed Predynastic royal cemetery (U), which continues directly into Dyn.1 via Cemetery B and the Early Dynastic royal cemetery at Umm el-Qaab. (f). Predynastic Egypt has also yielded antecedents to pharaonic royal regalia and iconography, including a Red Crown (Naqada I), a Heka-sceptre (Naqada III), and the White and Red crowns, and kilt with a bull’s tail (King Scorpion macehead in Naqada III / Dynasty 0); (g). The Narmer palette is highly suggestive of a Southern conquest and victory over the North, but is not necessarily either the first or last conquest of such national “unification(s)”; (h). Metal-working (copper) appears and grows slowly in Naqada I-III, with an increase in copper casting technology, quantities, and the types of implements by late Naqada III; (I). Stone-working grows over Naqada I-III, with more intricate items, different designs and different materials: statuary; mudstone palettes; stone vessels; mace heads; tools; etc.; (j). Artisans and craftsmen develop their craft, becoming increasingly specialized and more competent, creating a wide range of items and motifs from more materials: e.g., Shell, bone, and ivory figurines, beads, utensils (combs); e.g., Stone statuary, vessels, palettes, mace heads, tools, etc.; e.g., Paintings on pottery, textiles, wall faces (Tomb 100), etc.; e.g., Relief carving in stone and use of various conventions: smiting scene; e.g., Pottery becomes better made and a slow wheel is adopted; e.g., Other technical advances include artificial irrigation & adoption of the plow/plough. (k). Attempts at artificial mummification occurs occasionally (e.g., Hierakonpolis); (l). Trade relations become wider spread, with evidence for Mesopotamian imports and influence within late Predynastic Egypt and Dynasty 1; (m). Early forms of proto-hieroglyphic writing appears at Abydos, in Naqada III, and apparently as early as the rise of writing in Mesopotamia (ca. 3,500 BC), and appears to be indigenous (contrary to earlier theories). The impetus for change is quite complex, but includes climatic change & other factors. UPDATED: Jan. 25, 2016 (adding slides, illustrations, and edits to Koptos, Narmer Palette, and other places in the lecture). UPDATED: 25 Jan., 2016 (minimal edits and changes, if any).
Research Interests:
Anth.309: Ppt. lecture-6: Foundations of pharaonic Egypt, including fivefold titulary, myths about creation of universe, deities, places & humanity, Osiris myth, contendings of Horus & Seth and kingship, and primordial mound concept (Anth.309: Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids, by G. Mumford, 2016)more
SUMMARY: This lecture covers several topics, including ... (1). The Ancient Egyptian royal titulary, which emerges in the late Predynastic period and develops throughout the Early Dynastic to Old Kingdom periods, becoming mostly... more
SUMMARY: This lecture covers several topics, including ...
(1). The Ancient Egyptian royal titulary, which emerges in the late Predynastic period and develops throughout the Early Dynastic to Old Kingdom periods, becoming mostly standardized by Dynasty 11+.
(2). The Ancient Egyptians explained their origins variously, including variant myths and traditions from Heliopolis, Memphis, etc. (e.g., Heliopolitan Ennead: Atum and successive offspring).
(3). The Osiris myth evolved and became more popular over time (e.g., late Old Kingdom and later): It emphasized the origin of kingship in Egypt; It promoted a myth of a semi-divine king on earth (Horus) with a divine king in the Afterlife (Osiris); the earthly ruler, identified with Horus, is the mediator between the gods and humanity –Egypt’s well-being relies upon their king!; It laid down the line of succession from father to son (side-stepping the “king’s brother” –a title unattested in pharaonic Egypt [except in Kushite Dynasty 25]); It explains mummification and resurrection as being dependent on Osiris (The safety of the populace in life and death is portrayed as depending on Osiris, with whom all deceased kings are equated in death).
(4). The evolving and later ideas of creation became more abstract: E.g., The Memphite Theology (i.e., god Ptah) entailed using the will and word (i.e., language) to create the universe (more abstract versus earlier, more anthropomorphic/human-style methods).
(5). Egypt’s Predynastic proto-states and their own religious beliefs & traditions probably influenced the divergent traditions that emerge within an otherwise politically “unified” Egypt: E.g., Thebes and other cities claiming to be the place of creation.
(6). Other myths, traditions, and variants abounded regarding how humanity was created (e.g., Re-Atum’s tears; people being made from clay).
(7). Some myths related the destruction of humanity / peoples and the universe (e.g., A past attempt to destroy humanity by Hathor / Sekhmet; e.g., Atum’s inevitable destruction of the universe (returning it to chaos).
(8). The Creation myth involving the primordial mound is also linked closely with: a. royal tomb design (possibly Dynasties 1-2) in pyramids of Old-Middle Kingdoms; b. Temple design (at Predynastic Hierakonpolis and later: e.g., raised sanctuary & other elements).
Hence, a good understanding of Egyptian myths is crucial to realizing many of the past mechanisms and factors operating in Ancient Egyptian society, etc.
(1). The Ancient Egyptian royal titulary, which emerges in the late Predynastic period and develops throughout the Early Dynastic to Old Kingdom periods, becoming mostly standardized by Dynasty 11+.
(2). The Ancient Egyptians explained their origins variously, including variant myths and traditions from Heliopolis, Memphis, etc. (e.g., Heliopolitan Ennead: Atum and successive offspring).
(3). The Osiris myth evolved and became more popular over time (e.g., late Old Kingdom and later): It emphasized the origin of kingship in Egypt; It promoted a myth of a semi-divine king on earth (Horus) with a divine king in the Afterlife (Osiris); the earthly ruler, identified with Horus, is the mediator between the gods and humanity –Egypt’s well-being relies upon their king!; It laid down the line of succession from father to son (side-stepping the “king’s brother” –a title unattested in pharaonic Egypt [except in Kushite Dynasty 25]); It explains mummification and resurrection as being dependent on Osiris (The safety of the populace in life and death is portrayed as depending on Osiris, with whom all deceased kings are equated in death).
(4). The evolving and later ideas of creation became more abstract: E.g., The Memphite Theology (i.e., god Ptah) entailed using the will and word (i.e., language) to create the universe (more abstract versus earlier, more anthropomorphic/human-style methods).
(5). Egypt’s Predynastic proto-states and their own religious beliefs & traditions probably influenced the divergent traditions that emerge within an otherwise politically “unified” Egypt: E.g., Thebes and other cities claiming to be the place of creation.
(6). Other myths, traditions, and variants abounded regarding how humanity was created (e.g., Re-Atum’s tears; people being made from clay).
(7). Some myths related the destruction of humanity / peoples and the universe (e.g., A past attempt to destroy humanity by Hathor / Sekhmet; e.g., Atum’s inevitable destruction of the universe (returning it to chaos).
(8). The Creation myth involving the primordial mound is also linked closely with: a. royal tomb design (possibly Dynasties 1-2) in pyramids of Old-Middle Kingdoms; b. Temple design (at Predynastic Hierakonpolis and later: e.g., raised sanctuary & other elements).
Hence, a good understanding of Egyptian myths is crucial to realizing many of the past mechanisms and factors operating in Ancient Egyptian society, etc.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Mythology, and 16 moreHistory of Religion, Egyptian Archaeology, Ancient Religion, Apocalypticism In Literature, Ancient myth and religion, Kingship (Egyptology), Ancient Egypt, Creation myths, Isis, Osiris, Egyptian Mythology, Egyptian god Seth, Horus, Atum, Sun God, and Ptah (egyptian god)
SUMMARY: This lecture examines (1) various questions about and aspects of Early Dynastic Egypt, including (a) the foundations of a “unified” kingdom: Who is King “Menes”? (i.e., the later, traditional “founder” of a unified Egypt); Is... more
SUMMARY: This lecture examines (1) various questions about and aspects of Early Dynastic Egypt, including (a) the foundations of a “unified” kingdom: Who is King “Menes”? (i.e., the later, traditional “founder” of a unified Egypt); Is Menes: … King Narmer? King Aha? Another ruler? None (i.e., fictitious)?; How did Egypt become a unified state? (b). Some of these socio-cultural and political developments probably began and/or developed via complex and intertwined factors, such as climatic changes (i.e., end of Ice Age; fluctuating, albeit gradually increasing aridity), Neolithic revolution, early urbanization, rising social stratification, trade, warfare, alliances, and other components (e.g., population pressures, warfare, etc.). (c). The lecture also notes various theories, such as hydraulic civilization theories, the rise of organized irrigation for crops initiating centralized authorities, administration, etc., in the rise of state.
(2). Further coverage is provided regarding the diverse evidence for a Proto-Dynastic (Naqada III / Dyn.0) unified(?) Kingdom: 6-7 early kings appear to be buried in cemetery U at Abydos. They have serekh names, which are traditional titles found in pharaonic times. No other site has tombs or rulers with such serekh names; Abydos seems to be the home town of Egypt's earliest (known) kings/rulers (i.e., a southern Egyptian, unified state/polity? of uncertain extent).
(3). Alongside southern Egypt's emerging political power (evident especially at Abydos), southern Egyptian, Naqada III pottery slowly expands into and dominates the indigenous forms in the Delta (e.g., rising to 40% and then 98% at Buto). In addition, the serekh names of these rulers spread increasingly throughout Egypt and later into Palestine (does this reflect political control? trade? both? More? Less?).
History and other data on Early Dynastic Egypt:
(4). Further coverage is given, ruler by ruler, for Dynasties 1-2, including an attempt to understanding individual and fluctuating political control during this formative period in pharaonic Egypt: e.g., looking at serekh-name dispersals (perhaps reflecting areas of control, trade, or influence). Examining royal-private monuments and/or the burial place associated with a given Early Dynastic ruler (i.e., areas of allegiance and influence). The concentration of elite tombs (e.g., courtiers) at traditional national capital: Memphis (i.e., Saqqara burial field to immediate west of the ED city at Memphis [buried under the flood plain]). A comparison of other sites to capital (Memphis) and royal hometown burial site (Abydos). The foundation of a national capital (Narmer? Versus Aha?; later "Menes" seems better linked to Aha). The rise and fall of an apparent custom of sacrificial burials (of retainers) near royal tombs of Dynasty 1 (indicating a greater degree of control over retainers). Allusions to raids into Nubia (e.g., dockets, labels, and rock texts in Nubia versus trade); Allusions to raids into Palestine e.g., dockets, labels, and finds in Palestine: trade?); Potential civil strife and war (e.g., the limited dispersal of royal names, a shift to a Saqqara burial site; two contemporary rulers in the North and South; other data: Horus & Seth figures on a royal serekh-name: does this reflect later "Contendings of Horus and Seth"?).
(5). Within each reign, other aspects are examined: Activities during a given king’s reign via the Palermo Stone, dockets/labels, clay sealings, etc., alluding to (a). Temple construction (including in stone in late Dynasty 2 [e.g., some blocks found at Gebelein]); (b). Conducting rites in temples; (c). Providing gifts, etc., to temples throughout Egypt; (d). Commissioning cult statues for temples; (e) Various royal activities: (i) Sed festival (after 30 years): renewing kingship, vitality, oaths of allegiance from provincial officials and deities, etc. (Dyns.1-2); biennial cattle taxation; (ii). Marriages? –alluded to in dockets & tombs (perhaps diplomatic marriages); (iii). Royal hunting: scenes of hippo hunt; later references to king(s) being killed in a hunt; (iv). Adoption of Double Crown (temp. King Djet [Dyn.1]) (what is its symbolism?: Unification of two distinct kingdoms? Fictitious?: Trying to forge unity? Implications?); (v). Maritime trade with Byblos (Lebanon): e.g., royal names etc. found there. The trends and developments during these reigns include: increasingly elaborate royal subterranean tombs and enclosures (with wealth & food/provisions); mounded superstructures; a pair of royal stelae; private rock-cut tombs appearing at Saqqara; some isolated plagues noted; low Niles are recorded (e.g., famines in late Dyn.1). The latter is actually sporadic, but is also a gradual trend in increasing aridity. UPDATED: Jan. 29, 2016 with edits and some new text/images.
(2). Further coverage is provided regarding the diverse evidence for a Proto-Dynastic (Naqada III / Dyn.0) unified(?) Kingdom: 6-7 early kings appear to be buried in cemetery U at Abydos. They have serekh names, which are traditional titles found in pharaonic times. No other site has tombs or rulers with such serekh names; Abydos seems to be the home town of Egypt's earliest (known) kings/rulers (i.e., a southern Egyptian, unified state/polity? of uncertain extent).
(3). Alongside southern Egypt's emerging political power (evident especially at Abydos), southern Egyptian, Naqada III pottery slowly expands into and dominates the indigenous forms in the Delta (e.g., rising to 40% and then 98% at Buto). In addition, the serekh names of these rulers spread increasingly throughout Egypt and later into Palestine (does this reflect political control? trade? both? More? Less?).
History and other data on Early Dynastic Egypt:
(4). Further coverage is given, ruler by ruler, for Dynasties 1-2, including an attempt to understanding individual and fluctuating political control during this formative period in pharaonic Egypt: e.g., looking at serekh-name dispersals (perhaps reflecting areas of control, trade, or influence). Examining royal-private monuments and/or the burial place associated with a given Early Dynastic ruler (i.e., areas of allegiance and influence). The concentration of elite tombs (e.g., courtiers) at traditional national capital: Memphis (i.e., Saqqara burial field to immediate west of the ED city at Memphis [buried under the flood plain]). A comparison of other sites to capital (Memphis) and royal hometown burial site (Abydos). The foundation of a national capital (Narmer? Versus Aha?; later "Menes" seems better linked to Aha). The rise and fall of an apparent custom of sacrificial burials (of retainers) near royal tombs of Dynasty 1 (indicating a greater degree of control over retainers). Allusions to raids into Nubia (e.g., dockets, labels, and rock texts in Nubia versus trade); Allusions to raids into Palestine e.g., dockets, labels, and finds in Palestine: trade?); Potential civil strife and war (e.g., the limited dispersal of royal names, a shift to a Saqqara burial site; two contemporary rulers in the North and South; other data: Horus & Seth figures on a royal serekh-name: does this reflect later "Contendings of Horus and Seth"?).
(5). Within each reign, other aspects are examined: Activities during a given king’s reign via the Palermo Stone, dockets/labels, clay sealings, etc., alluding to (a). Temple construction (including in stone in late Dynasty 2 [e.g., some blocks found at Gebelein]); (b). Conducting rites in temples; (c). Providing gifts, etc., to temples throughout Egypt; (d). Commissioning cult statues for temples; (e) Various royal activities: (i) Sed festival (after 30 years): renewing kingship, vitality, oaths of allegiance from provincial officials and deities, etc. (Dyns.1-2); biennial cattle taxation; (ii). Marriages? –alluded to in dockets & tombs (perhaps diplomatic marriages); (iii). Royal hunting: scenes of hippo hunt; later references to king(s) being killed in a hunt; (iv). Adoption of Double Crown (temp. King Djet [Dyn.1]) (what is its symbolism?: Unification of two distinct kingdoms? Fictitious?: Trying to forge unity? Implications?); (v). Maritime trade with Byblos (Lebanon): e.g., royal names etc. found there. The trends and developments during these reigns include: increasingly elaborate royal subterranean tombs and enclosures (with wealth & food/provisions); mounded superstructures; a pair of royal stelae; private rock-cut tombs appearing at Saqqara; some isolated plagues noted; low Niles are recorded (e.g., famines in late Dyn.1). The latter is actually sporadic, but is also a gradual trend in increasing aridity. UPDATED: Jan. 29, 2016 with edits and some new text/images.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers various topics about Dynasties 1-2: (1) Early Dynastic royal tombs versus elite tombs, including how early royal tombs began to have distinct characteristics (e.g., pair of royal name stelae; large separate... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers various topics about Dynasties 1-2: (1) Early Dynastic royal tombs versus elite tombs, including how early royal tombs began to have distinct characteristics (e.g., pair of royal name stelae; large separate valley enclosures; Dyn.1 sacrificial retainer burials) versus elite tombs at Saqqara (e.g., distinct large rectilinear superstructures), while both shared other features (e.g., buttressing & niches; boat burials; great burial wealth; numerous provisions; retainer burials). Many ED royal burials are placed at Abydos, apparent home town of Egypt’s
earliest rulers and later associated with Osiris, Lord of the Dead, while a few ED royal burials occur at Saqqara (near Memphis). The wealthiest, largest private burials in ED Egypt concentrate at Saqqara, reflecting the location of both courtiers and the court at the capital: Memphis.
(2). The emerging Early Dynastic elite-royal burial practices and beliefs incorporate numerous real provisions (food and drink) of all types placed in multiple chambers adjacent to the burial chamber. Many ED stelae portray elite seated at a banquet table receiving a choice selection of food and drink. These tombs contain furnishings and possessions that either replicate, or represent, items used in daily life. Some Dyn.1 royal & elite tombs have retainers placed in burials beside the owner’s tomb; some royal-elite tomb architecture replicates components from housing in life; various elite burial features contain representative magic (i.e., models of some things, such as model boat and an estate). A focal niche and chapel for family visits to the tomb superstructure imply a felt need for delivering offerings before the portrait of the deceased at a banquet.
(3). Increasing social stratification and craft specialization emerges in ED Egypt: The requirements of a larger state and an increasingly stratified society in-turn creates more craft specialization and social stratification; peasant farmers supply the needs of non-agricultural citizens within state; lower level bureaucrats maintain provincial farming, irrigation, taxation, re-dispersal of materials & products, etc.; writing and mathematics are used for records, counting, communicating, and other things; diverse craftsmen produce tools, weapons, containers, jewellery, furniture, ships, housing, temples, tombs, industrial components, and numerous other products; high level officials ensure the running of government, and other institutions, including cultic activity; state and provincial priesthoods and deities aid the well-being of state and provincial populace; the state secured the nation, its borders, and relations with adjacent regions and peoples (e.g., forts; military; emissaries; traders; etc.).
(4). An emerging urban lifestyle is found in ED Egypt: Many villages through larger towns in the Nile flood plain were sited on higher ground, such as turtle backs (geziras) and relic levees (i.e., old river banks). The emerging provinces had larger/dominant towns, of which a few places began emerging as a prime provincial centre within each province, such as the seat of former Predynastic chieftains/rulers, cultic centres (e.g., Hierakonpolis; Abydos), trading centres (e.g., Aswan), and a strategic locality (Memphis). Some towns have a fortification/enclosure wall (el-Kab; Aswan), while towns range from circular to ovoid, to irregular shapes. Town components vary depending upon individual status: i.e., state capital, provincial capital, cultic centre, trading centre, agricultural town/village, etc.
(5). The Early Dynastic period contains varying evidence for temples and shrines: Most temples and shrines are built of unbaked mud brick, like housing (Buto shrine), and display one or more inner sanctuaries (e.g., tripartite shrine living quarters for a triad/family of deities [Hierakonpolis]), one or more outer halls (e.g., reception areas [Hierakonpolis]), and enclosures (separation from secular [Elephantine Satet shrine]). Some late Early Dynastic temples display stone features or construction (e.g., Khasekhemwy built a stone temple at Gebelein and Hierakonpolis), with references to stone temple construction (Palermo Stone). Temple architecture begins to become increasingly specialized (e.g., tripartite shrines, altars, decoration, enclosures, votive offerings, etc.). The votive offerings display a range of wealth in materials, form, & intention: E.g., Food offerings: i.e., sustenance for deities (and priesthood); everyday items: e.g., jewellery, clothing, etc. (i.e., clothing deity, etc.); specialized items for specific requests (e.g., leg model: healing ailing limb). Some cult centres receive greater attention, reflecting their greater importance: E.g., Abydos cult and its links with ED royal burials and later Osiris cult; Hierakonpolis cult and its link with Horus and state kingship. Other cults remain fairly small and "impoverished": initially minimal importance to the state and provincial officials; probably maintained mainly by the local populace, addressing local needs. Other cults become increasingly important as their role changes: e.g., Satis cult in Elephantine; Min cult in Coptos (much later receiving stone temples).
(6). The lecture concludes with a summary of the emerging and changing international relations during the late Predynastic through Early Dynastic periods, between Egypt and Afghanistan (e.g., lapis lazuli), Mesopotamia (e.g., Mesopotamian pottery; cylinder seals; building forms; wall cones?; art motifs; etc.), Syria (Egyptian pottery, etc., in Syria; Syrian pottery, etc., in Egypt), North Sinai and southwest Palestine (e.g., Egyptian buildings, pottery, jewellery, weaponry, tools, palettes, local imitations, and royal names), some contact with SW Sinai (turquoise in Predyn-ED Egypt; 1% Egyptian Dyn.1 pottery in S. Sinai and Dyn. 1 rock texts in South Sinai), and Lower Nubia (e.g., Egyptian pottery, etc., in Lower Nubia; some Nubian pottery etc. in Egypt), and Upper Nubia and Punt (e.g., incense, ebony [African Blackwood(?)], obsidian, etc.).
earliest rulers and later associated with Osiris, Lord of the Dead, while a few ED royal burials occur at Saqqara (near Memphis). The wealthiest, largest private burials in ED Egypt concentrate at Saqqara, reflecting the location of both courtiers and the court at the capital: Memphis.
(2). The emerging Early Dynastic elite-royal burial practices and beliefs incorporate numerous real provisions (food and drink) of all types placed in multiple chambers adjacent to the burial chamber. Many ED stelae portray elite seated at a banquet table receiving a choice selection of food and drink. These tombs contain furnishings and possessions that either replicate, or represent, items used in daily life. Some Dyn.1 royal & elite tombs have retainers placed in burials beside the owner’s tomb; some royal-elite tomb architecture replicates components from housing in life; various elite burial features contain representative magic (i.e., models of some things, such as model boat and an estate). A focal niche and chapel for family visits to the tomb superstructure imply a felt need for delivering offerings before the portrait of the deceased at a banquet.
(3). Increasing social stratification and craft specialization emerges in ED Egypt: The requirements of a larger state and an increasingly stratified society in-turn creates more craft specialization and social stratification; peasant farmers supply the needs of non-agricultural citizens within state; lower level bureaucrats maintain provincial farming, irrigation, taxation, re-dispersal of materials & products, etc.; writing and mathematics are used for records, counting, communicating, and other things; diverse craftsmen produce tools, weapons, containers, jewellery, furniture, ships, housing, temples, tombs, industrial components, and numerous other products; high level officials ensure the running of government, and other institutions, including cultic activity; state and provincial priesthoods and deities aid the well-being of state and provincial populace; the state secured the nation, its borders, and relations with adjacent regions and peoples (e.g., forts; military; emissaries; traders; etc.).
(4). An emerging urban lifestyle is found in ED Egypt: Many villages through larger towns in the Nile flood plain were sited on higher ground, such as turtle backs (geziras) and relic levees (i.e., old river banks). The emerging provinces had larger/dominant towns, of which a few places began emerging as a prime provincial centre within each province, such as the seat of former Predynastic chieftains/rulers, cultic centres (e.g., Hierakonpolis; Abydos), trading centres (e.g., Aswan), and a strategic locality (Memphis). Some towns have a fortification/enclosure wall (el-Kab; Aswan), while towns range from circular to ovoid, to irregular shapes. Town components vary depending upon individual status: i.e., state capital, provincial capital, cultic centre, trading centre, agricultural town/village, etc.
(5). The Early Dynastic period contains varying evidence for temples and shrines: Most temples and shrines are built of unbaked mud brick, like housing (Buto shrine), and display one or more inner sanctuaries (e.g., tripartite shrine living quarters for a triad/family of deities [Hierakonpolis]), one or more outer halls (e.g., reception areas [Hierakonpolis]), and enclosures (separation from secular [Elephantine Satet shrine]). Some late Early Dynastic temples display stone features or construction (e.g., Khasekhemwy built a stone temple at Gebelein and Hierakonpolis), with references to stone temple construction (Palermo Stone). Temple architecture begins to become increasingly specialized (e.g., tripartite shrines, altars, decoration, enclosures, votive offerings, etc.). The votive offerings display a range of wealth in materials, form, & intention: E.g., Food offerings: i.e., sustenance for deities (and priesthood); everyday items: e.g., jewellery, clothing, etc. (i.e., clothing deity, etc.); specialized items for specific requests (e.g., leg model: healing ailing limb). Some cult centres receive greater attention, reflecting their greater importance: E.g., Abydos cult and its links with ED royal burials and later Osiris cult; Hierakonpolis cult and its link with Horus and state kingship. Other cults remain fairly small and "impoverished": initially minimal importance to the state and provincial officials; probably maintained mainly by the local populace, addressing local needs. Other cults become increasingly important as their role changes: e.g., Satis cult in Elephantine; Min cult in Coptos (much later receiving stone temples).
(6). The lecture concludes with a summary of the emerging and changing international relations during the late Predynastic through Early Dynastic periods, between Egypt and Afghanistan (e.g., lapis lazuli), Mesopotamia (e.g., Mesopotamian pottery; cylinder seals; building forms; wall cones?; art motifs; etc.), Syria (Egyptian pottery, etc., in Syria; Syrian pottery, etc., in Egypt), North Sinai and southwest Palestine (e.g., Egyptian buildings, pottery, jewellery, weaponry, tools, palettes, local imitations, and royal names), some contact with SW Sinai (turquoise in Predyn-ED Egypt; 1% Egyptian Dyn.1 pottery in S. Sinai and Dyn. 1 rock texts in South Sinai), and Lower Nubia (e.g., Egyptian pottery, etc., in Lower Nubia; some Nubian pottery etc. in Egypt), and Upper Nubia and Punt (e.g., incense, ebony [African Blackwood(?)], obsidian, etc.).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 13 moreCross-Cultural Studies, Urban archaeology, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, Mortuary archaeology, Ancient Egypt, Abydos, 1) cultural interconnections and trade (Egypt and Levant), Saqqara, Votive offerings, Memphis necropolis, Cultural Connection Between Egypt and the Levant, Predynastic Egyptian Trade, and Egyptian Temples
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers a range of selected questions regarding various aspects of Dyns.0-2 royal burials: What innovations emerge from Dyns.0-2 that display the foundations of the Old Kingdom state (Dynasties 3-6+)?; Is there... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers a range of selected questions regarding various aspects of Dyns.0-2 royal burials: What innovations emerge from Dyns.0-2 that display the foundations of the Old Kingdom state (Dynasties 3-6+)?; Is there evidence for a Dynasty “0” (N3) ancestral royal lineage at Abydos?; What various things do the Dyn.0 serekh-names and commodity tags imply?; Can we reconstruct a generic Dyn.0 royal tomb from Abydos?; What may constitute a Dyn.0 royal tomb versus an elite tomb? (e.g., Size? Design? Quality of contents? Specific items? Etc.); What can we say about the Dynasty 1 royal tombs at Abydos? (e.g., Substructures? Superstructures? Contents? Significance? Function? Etc.); What can we say about the royal retainer burials at Abydos? versus Saqqara?; ... sacrificial burials? ... other options? Their significance? Why only in Dyn.1? Elsewhere?; Should we exhibit extreme caution in labeling something “sacrificial”?; What constitutes reasonable doubt? Can it simply remain unresolved? Other? How far can/should one go in interpreting retainer burial complexes? Are such notions useful? Misleading? How are the Dynasty 2 royal burials different? Similar? Is there an evolution towards the royal Step Pyramid complexes of Dyn.3? A series of summary slides occur at the end of this lecture, summing up the topic and findings. (Some topics are explored more extensively in discussing the materials beyond the slides and their text).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 13 moreHuman sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion), Funeral Practices, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion), Ritual and Performance (Egyptology), Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, Archaeology of Ritual, Mortuary archaeology, Ancient Egypt, Abydos, Archaeology of death and burial, Ancient Egyptian Administration, and Animal Burials
ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses initially upon the Early Dynastic period Abydos valley enclosures (i.e., continuing on the preceding lecture on the royal tombs at Umm el-Gaab): It covers the early discoveries and theories about their... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses initially upon the Early Dynastic period Abydos valley enclosures (i.e., continuing on the preceding lecture on the royal tombs at Umm el-Gaab): It covers the early discoveries and theories about their potential functions, starting with the earliest knowledge about one enclosure (i.e., Khasekhemwy’s standing enclosure), and continues with details about other enclosures found by Aryton (1904), Petrie (1921-22), and O’Connor (1986+), plus a general discussion on the extant 10 known valley enclosures. Many theories exist regarding the function of these huge, open mud brick enclosures, which are located separately from the royal tombs at Umm el-Qaab at Abydos. Data is provided regarding how these enclosures might have functioned? To whom did/might each of the known enclosures belong? (i.e., in relation to each royal tomb found at Abydos). Where might one find the two remaining enclosures for the remaining rulers otherwise attested with a tomb at Abydos? Why are the earliest enclosures reduced to ground level, while the last one (dating to Khasekhemwy) survives to a height of 10 metres? How might the associated interior chapels have functioned? What mortuary rites might have taken place? How might the vast open courtyard have functioned? (i.e., Sed festival rites?). What significance is found in their design? (i.e., Doorways? Outer low walling system?); Why are there retainer burials around the valley enclosures? Were they sacrificed? The lecture then proceeds to examine how the valley enclosures relate to the separate royal tombs at Abydos? It also covers how the Abydos royal mortuary complexes relate to Dynasty 3 ones? A series of summary slides occur at the end of this lecture, summing up the topic and findings. (Some topics are explored more extensively in discussing the materials beyond the slides and their text).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Landscape Archaeology, and 14 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion), Death and Burial (Archaeology), Ritual and Performance (Egyptology), Archaeology of Ritual and Magic, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, Archaeology of Ritual, Mortuary archaeology, Ancient Egypt, Abydos, Mortuary Practices, Archaeology of death and burial, Human Sacrifice, and Votive offerings
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers Dynasty 3, beginning with a discussion of the Sed Festival in general regarding the various rites, its setting, structures, participants, and other details. It proceeds next with an examination of the... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers Dynasty 3, beginning with a discussion of the Sed Festival in general regarding the various rites, its setting, structures, participants, and other details. It proceeds next with an examination of the reigns, expeditions, achievements, and monuments (i.e., mainly pyramids) of kings Djoser, Sekhemkhet, Khaba (Nebka), Sanakht, and Qahwdjet (Huni), with a detailed coverage of King Djoser's Step Pyramid complex, the various components within it and their significance and/or postulated functions. It concludes with a discussion of the small Dynasty 3 step pyramids found throughout the Nile Valley, plus a summary section outlining the lecture's main points. UPDATED: 3 Feb., 2016 with more images, some notes, and additional formatting and other changes.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 17 moreMasonry Buildings, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Archaeology of Ritual, Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Egyptian Kingship, Mortuary archaeology, History of architecture, Heb-Sed, Opet Festival, Saqqara, PYRAMID, Masonry Structures Historic, Mortuary Architecture, DJOSER, ancient Egypytian pyramids, Imhotep, Egyptian Temples, and Huni
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers a wide range of topics regarding Old Kingdom Egyptian society and other aspects. It discusses and addresses what features distinguish the king, queen, nobility, officials, and peasants (i.e.,... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers a wide range of topics regarding Old Kingdom Egyptian society and other aspects. It discusses and addresses what features distinguish the king, queen, nobility, officials, and peasants (i.e., regalia/garments; lifestyle; duties; housing; tombs; and interrelations); what similarities and differences occur between male and female roles in Old Kingdom society (i.e., positions? duties? education?); how reliable are ancient textual-pictorial sources (which reflect the perspective of the scribes, artists, and the elite patrons commissioning them) for portraying themselves, lower classes, foreigners & other data? What sorts of things did the lower classes do in Old Kingdom society? What other, less biased evidence can we draw upon for reconstructing Old Kingdom society and related aspects? Did the Old Kingdom really have slaves? Did slaves build the pyramids? Can we discern a gradation of “freedom(s)” from POWs to serfs and others? Is there evidence for a moral code (ethics) in Old Kingdom society? (i.e., How did society encourage its members to behave well? [afterlife judgement]). How did the Old Kingdom state maintain law and order? Was it successful? Is there evidence for a fairness in treatment to all classes? (theory vs. reality?); How did Old Kingdom Egypt interact with its neighbours? Friends & foes?
The lecture addresses the aforementioned questions and topics, providing an overview in the following sections during the Old Kingdom (and some pertinent later periods/examples): (1). Social structure, from pharaoh to peasants & POWs; (2). Society and women in Ancient Egypt; (3). Slavery and slaves in Ancient Egypt (see also foreigners below); (4). Across classes: an example of interactions between officials; (5). Ancient Egyptian society and economy: a. Agriculture: farming and herding; b. The private sector: trade and exchange; c. Craftsmen: wide range of industries; d. Trends in arts and crafts; (6). Moral codes, laws, and punishment; (7). settlements: Examples of various types of urban settings; (8). Egyptian views about foreigners (including POWs); and (9). International relations: adjacent regions, peoples, and kingdoms. The lecture ends with a series of summary notes on these topics. UPDATED: 9 Feb., 2016, adding several slides (text and images), editing and adding to existing text, and adding the summary text slides.
The lecture addresses the aforementioned questions and topics, providing an overview in the following sections during the Old Kingdom (and some pertinent later periods/examples): (1). Social structure, from pharaoh to peasants & POWs; (2). Society and women in Ancient Egypt; (3). Slavery and slaves in Ancient Egypt (see also foreigners below); (4). Across classes: an example of interactions between officials; (5). Ancient Egyptian society and economy: a. Agriculture: farming and herding; b. The private sector: trade and exchange; c. Craftsmen: wide range of industries; d. Trends in arts and crafts; (6). Moral codes, laws, and punishment; (7). settlements: Examples of various types of urban settings; (8). Egyptian views about foreigners (including POWs); and (9). International relations: adjacent regions, peoples, and kingdoms. The lecture ends with a series of summary notes on these topics. UPDATED: 9 Feb., 2016, adding several slides (text and images), editing and adding to existing text, and adding the summary text slides.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, History of Technology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 24 moreHistory of Slavery, Ancient economies (Archaeology), History of Moral Philosophy, Gender Archaeology, Kingship (Egyptology), Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Agriculture & Farming (Archaeology), Ancient Craftmanship (Archaeology), Ancient Egyptian Queenship, Women in ancient Egypt, Ancient Industry, Anthropology of ethics and morality, Ancient Administration, Social organization, Code of Conduct, Ancient Egyptian Society, Ancient Urbanism, Ancient Egyptian Law, History of Crime and Punishment, Ancient Egyptian Settlement Archaeology, Women in antiquity, Ancient Egyptian Administration, Ancient Mediterranean Society, and Ancient Taxation
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides a broader background summary of each ruler of Dynasty 4, including Sneferu (2613 - 2589 BCE), Khufu (Cheops) (2589 - 2566 BCE), Djedefre (2566 - 2558 BCE), Khafre (Chephren) (2558 - 2532 BCE), Bikka?,... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides a broader background summary of each ruler of Dynasty 4, including Sneferu (2613 - 2589 BCE), Khufu (Cheops) (2589 - 2566 BCE), Djedefre (2566 - 2558 BCE), Khafre (Chephren) (2558 - 2532 BCE), Bikka?, Menkaure (Mycerinus) (2532 - 2504 BCE), Shepseskaf (2504 - 2500 BCE), and Queen Khentkawes I. The lecture provides an overview on the reign lengths, various domestic construction projects, achievements, selected events, and related trends, and the evidence for international relations, during each reign; excerpts from later textual sources are provided to flesh out what later traditions, histories and folklore recalled regarding selected rulers (e.g., Palermo Stone; Turin Canon; Herodotus; Manetho), while an overview is also furnished regarding the known burial complex and associated art, architecture, and material remains for each ruler. UPDATED: Feb. 26, 2016 (adding new text, images, and editing existing text from 2014 version).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, and 29 moreOld Kingdom (Egyptology), Herodotus, Ancient Egyptian History, History of architecture, Egypt and Nubia, Mortuary temple, Giza, Khafre, Western Desert of Egypt, Saqqara, Egyptian sculpture, PYRAMID, Dahshur, Sarcophagus, Khufu, Sphinx, Cheops, ancient Egypytian pyramids, Sneferu, Meidum, Royal Pyramids, Menkaure, Hetepheres I, Pyramids of Giza, Djedefre, Abu Roash, Shepseskaf, Khentkawes (queen; Egypt), and Buhen South (Kor)
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides a broader background summary of each ruler of Dynasties 5-6, including Userkaf (2498-2491 BCE), Sahure‘ (2491-2477 BCE), Nefer-ir-kare‘ (2477-2467 BCE), Shepses-ka-re (2467-2460 BCE), Ra-nefer-ef (2460-2453... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides a broader background summary of each ruler of Dynasties 5-6, including Userkaf (2498-2491 BCE), Sahure‘ (2491-2477 BCE), Nefer-ir-kare‘ (2477-2467 BCE), Shepses-ka-re (2467-2460 BCE), Ra-nefer-ef (2460-2453 BCE), Ni-user-re‘ (2453-2422 BCE), Men-kau-hor (2422-2414 BCE), Djed-ka-re‘ (2414-2375 BCE), and Unas (Wenis) (2375-2345 BCE) of Dynasty 5, and Teti (2345–2181 BCE), Userkare (2323–2321 BCE), Pepi I/Pepy I (2321–2287 BCE), Merenre (I) (2287–2278 BCE), Pepi II / Pepy II (2278–2184 BCE), Merenre (II) (dates ?), and "Queen Nitocris" (Nitiqret) or King Netjerkare Siptah (2184–2181 BCE). The lecture provides an overview on the reign lengths, diverse domestic construction projects, achievements, selected events, and related trends, and selected evidence for international relations, for each ruler; excerpts from later textual sources are given to flesh out what later traditions, histories and folklore recalled regarding selected rulers (e.g., Herodotus; Manetho), while an overview is also furnished concerning the burial complex and associated art, architecture, and material remains for each ruler. UPDATED: Feb. 26, 2016 (adding new text, images, and editing existing text from 2014 version).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, and 23 moreOld Kingdom (Egyptology), History of architecture, Egypt and Nubia, Abusir, Pyramid Texts, Egyptian sculpture, PYRAMID, Pepy II, Harkhuf, ancient Egypytian pyramids, Abusir pyramids, Pepy I, Sahure, Royal Pyramids, Weni, Khentkawes (queen; Egypt), userkaf (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 5), neferirkare (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 5), Raneferef (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 5), Niuserre (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 5), Unas (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 5), Teti (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 6), and Nitocris (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 6)
Anth.309: Ppt. lecture-15: Old Kingdom royal pyramid location(s), construction, workforce, pyramid town, pyramid design, components, decoration & symbolism, Pyramid Texts, mummification, furnishings, satellite tombs & other aspects (Anth.309: Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids, by G. Mumford, 2016)more
ABSTRACT: This ppt. lecture serves as part-1 of two dealing with a broader overview of Old Kingdom ("typical"/generic) pyramid complexes regarding diverse aspects from the selection of the construction site through what sorts of things... more
ABSTRACT: This ppt. lecture serves as part-1 of two dealing with a broader overview of Old Kingdom ("typical"/generic) pyramid complexes regarding diverse aspects from the selection of the construction site through what sorts of things did the burial complex contain. Part-1's topics includes a discussion of (1) Selecting a pyramid's construction location and the significance of the location, (2) the significance behind Old Kingdom royal tomb designs (mainly the pyramidal form [versus a few variants]), (3) the laying out and alignment of pyramids to True North, (4) the people who built the pyramids and their status, (5) the location and nature of housing for pyramid workforce, (6) evidence for special workshops for furnishing the pyramid fittings and other specialized decoration, (7) the various materials and sources used in pyramid construction, (8) the means by which such materials and components were quarried, transported, and installed at the pyramid sites, (9) the range of components found in a "typical"/generic Old Kingdom pyramid complex, (10) the known and postulated functions of these various pyramid complex components, (11) the location and nature of the king's "work site" residence during his visits to oversee his pyramid construction, (12) the types of officials and their residence regarding the king's mortuary cult before and after his death, (13) the burial place for the courtiers and workmen during the Old Kingdom (particularly in the early Old Kingdom), and (14) what we know about royal mummification, funerary beliefs & furnishings in the Old Kingdom (more data needs to be added here from a few queens burials). Part-2 continues a more in-depth discussion of Old Kingdom royal mortuary cults (see lecture 16). UPDATED: March 4, 2016 (mainly formatting and minor edits for this lecture --since 2014 version).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Architecture, Egyptian Archaeology, and 36 moreLabour history, Funerary Archaeology, Base Of The Pyramid, Labor History and Studies, Funerary Belief (Egyptology), Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Egyptian Queenship, Mortuary archaeology, Ancient Quarrying, History of architecture, Ancient technology, Palaces and City Archaeology, Harbour Archaeology, Mummies, Ancient Harbours, Khafre, Pyramid Texts, PYRAMID, Ancient Harbors, Health and safety of construction workers, Khufu, Ancient building techniques, Yardangs, Prehistoric and historic boat and ship construction, Old Kingdom elite tomb programs, Transport in Ancient Egypt, ancient Egypytian pyramids, Bakeries, Ancient Ports and Harbours, Ancient Egyptian Mummies, Royal Pyramids, Harbor Archaeology, userkaf (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 5), Niuserre (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 5), and workshops (Ancient Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This ppt. lecture forms part-2 of two lectures that provide an overview of a "typical"/generic Old Kingdom pyramid and its affiliated mortuary complex. This lecture (part-2) examines (1) the role the king and his mortuary... more
ABSTRACT: This ppt. lecture forms part-2 of two lectures that provide an overview of a "typical"/generic Old Kingdom pyramid and its affiliated mortuary complex. This lecture (part-2) examines (1) the role the king and his mortuary complex assumed in his afterlife (in comparison to his role and government during his life), (2) some of the beliefs held by the royal family and elite regarding the nature of their afterlife, the necessity of their bodies continuation (preservation), and means for provisioning their spirits, (3) the officials who administered the king’s mortuary cult, (4) the organization of mortuary cults, (5) the maintenance of royal mortuary cults (including how long they might last after a king’s death), (6) the sorts of rites conducted on a daily basis within such mortuary cults, (7) the residence for the mortuary cult staff, (8) their income, (9) the complexities of the infrastructure for a typical royal mortuary cult, and how it functioned, (10) the role “Pious Foundations” played for kings, deities, and the elite, and (11) some changes in the organization of royal mortuary cults during the Old Kingdom. The lecture continues with (12) an examination of what evidence we have for major divine cults and their temples during the Old Kingdom (this could be expanded), (13) the unfinished Dynasty 4 Sphinx Temple (was it intended as a solar temple? A temple to Khafre? Both?), (14) Dynasty 5 Sun Temples, their construction phases, how they functioned, and their main focus, and (15) other known temples for deities from several Old Kingdom towns and settlements (e.g., Elephantine; Tell Ibrahim Awad; Medamud). The ppt lecture concludes with (16) a summary of the process of economic decline of pyramid mortuary cults, and (17) a lengthy summary of parts 1-2 on pyramids, their mortuary cults, and temples in general during the Old Kingdom. UPDATED: March 4, 2016 (mostly formatting and editing revisions to 2014 version of this ppt. lecture).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, History of Religion, and 39 moreUrban History, Egyptian Archaeology, Administrative History, Funerary Archaeology, Ancient Religion, Funerary Belief (Egyptology), Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Archaeology of Ritual, Mortuary archaeology, Ancient economy, Funerary Rites and Customs in Ancient Egypt, Funerary Practices, Harbour Archaeology, Mortuary Practices, Ancient Egyptian Settlement Archaeology, Mortuary temple, Abusir, Elephantine, Heb-Sed, Pyramid Texts, PYRAMID, Temple Ritual (Ancient Egypt), Sphinx, Funeral Rites, Obelisk, Votive offerings, Old Kingdom elite tomb programs, Sphinx4, collapse of the Old Kingdom, Ancient Ports and Harbours, Pious Foundations, Solar boats, Royal Pyramids, Obelisks. Ritual Landscape, Sun Temples, Ancient Egyptian Priesthoods, userkaf (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 5), Niuserre (Egypt; pharaoh; Dynasty 5), and Sed Festival
Anth.309: Ppt. lecture-17 (Part-1): Old Kingdom private tombs, burials & cults, including terminology, locations, preparation & construction, mortuary cult arrangements, beliefs, mummification, funeral & rites, cults, offerings, feasts, texts (Anth.309: Egypt: Age of Pyramids, by G. Mumford, 2016)more
ABSTRACT: This lecture, which forms part-1 of two parts, includes a discussion and illustration of the following topics: (1) How the Ancient Egyptians conceived of the tomb and its component parts; (2) How a typical middle-upper class... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture, which forms part-1 of two parts, includes a discussion and illustration of the following topics: (1) How the Ancient Egyptians conceived of the tomb and its component parts; (2) How a typical middle-upper class family prepared their tomb; (3) What problems emerged regarding mortuary cults (e.g., continuity of offerings; security; etc.) and how they they resolved them (in part); (4) Ancient Egyptian beliefs about communicating with dead (including how they communicated); (5) Egyptian views upon reusing earlier tomb materials and actual practices (i.e., Did they still do it? Discourage it?); (6) Some of the Ancient Egyptian private (and royal) mortuary/funerary beliefs; (7) Some of the mummification practices during the Old Kingdom; (8) Old Kingdom (and later) Egyptians beliefs and approaches to death, mourning, and funerals; (9) Further discussion on private/elite afterlife beliefs (i.e., what happened after death?); (10) How the surviving family initiated and maintained a funerary cult for relatives; (11) Some of the ideal types of mortuary offerings (i.e., by the living …); (12) The various types of “back-up,” permanent offerings for the deceased; (13) Evidence for some historical autobiographical texts and other data (and their types); (14) Some doubts are sometimes implied (especially later) regarding the afterlife; and (15) The "typical" elite mastaba tomb layout/components (e.g., Burial; False door; Serdab). UPDATED: Some editing and minor revisions in March 2016 since last update (in 2014).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, History of Religion, and 36 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Mourning, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Funerary Archaeology, Ancient Religion, Funerary Belief (Egyptology), Archaeology of Ritual and Magic, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Archaeology of Ritual, Mortuary archaeology, History of architecture, Death and Dying, Mourning and Remembrance, Funerary Practices, Art and Mourning, Public mourning and burial, Mummification, Mortuary temple, Death, Grief, and Mourning, Old Kingdom private tombs, Offering tables, Temple Ritual (Ancient Egypt), Ritual mourning, Votive offerings, Rock-cut Tombs, Mortuary Ritual, Ritual Practices, Old Kingdom elite tomb programs, Old Kingdom Provincial Cemeteries, Old Kingdom Archaeology, collapse of the Old Kingdom, Mastabas, Pious Foundations, Ancient Egyptian Mourning Customs, Mummification Methods, Sneferu, and The history of inheritance
ABSTRACT: This lecture (Part-2) continues the examination of Old Kingdom elite tombs, looking at (1) other types of middle-upper class tombs that emerge in Old Kingdom Egypt (i.e., rock-cut tombs; rock-cut mastaba tombs); (2) various... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture (Part-2) continues the examination of Old Kingdom elite tombs, looking at (1) other types of middle-upper class tombs that emerge in Old Kingdom Egypt (i.e., rock-cut tombs; rock-cut mastaba tombs); (2) various reasons why such apparently “different” tombs emerge and whether they really are so different (i.e., identical components; non-structural elements); (3) ancient tomb robbing, robbers, and how some tomb builders/owners try to combat robbery (e.g., decoy chambers); (4) a brief discussion of changes in tomb design during the ED-Old Kingdom; (5) the sorts of texts and decoration (genres) found in middle-upper class tombs; (6) the artists and various techniques applied in decorating elite tombs (e.g., training; painting; relief work; stages; etc.); (7) the various ways in which Ancient Egyptian artists portrayed things (e.g., twisted profile; architecture); (8) the various types of decorative themes that emerged in Old Kingdom elite tombs; (9) the significance of the various decoration (genres) found throughout elite tombs (e.g., essential/key funerary elements [e.g., banquet scene] versus less crucial/non-essential things [e.g., daily life and other scenes]); (10) other things we can say about the elite tomb architecture, decoration, and their significance (e.g., nullifying potential dangers in decoration [depicting snakes without heads]; superstitions regarding completing funeral procession scenes); (11) the different types of elite burial chambers and examples of and changes in decorated ones (versus mostly non-decorated ones); (12) some examples of non-royal sarcophagi (i.e., “stone coffins”: rectilinear boxes); (13) selected examples of non-royal, elite coffins (i.e., wooden, rectilinear boxes); (14) some "typical" mortuary furnishings (burial goods) found in elite tombs; and (15) the forms of and furnishings in middle class and lower class tombs and graves (only a brief summary to illustrate the burial practices of the bulk of Egypt's Old Kingdom populace). The lecture ends with a series of text slides summarizing the main points from both parts 1-2 of the lectures on elite Old Kingdom tombs. UPDATED: March 11, 2016 minor revised and edited text from 2014 version.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Egyptology, Art History, Egyptian Archaeology, and 42 morePainting, Funerary Archaeology, History of Sculpture, Sculpture, History of Art, History of Daily Life, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Funerary Belief (Egyptology), Burial Practices (Archaeology), Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Tomb Sculpture, Mortuary archaeology, Funerary Architecture, Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology, History of architecture, Superstitions and Superstitious Belief, Funerary Practices, Daily Life in Ancient Times, Amulets, Anthropomorphic Figurines, Tomb Architecture, Mortuary Practices, Funerary Banquet, Ritual Feasting, Tombs, History of Pigments, Grave Robbing, magic and superstition in Antiquity, Art and Gender, Tomb decoration (Egyptian), Old Kingdom private tombs, Sarcophagus, Rock-cut Tombs, Old Kingdom elite tomb programs, Old Kingdom Provincial Cemeteries, Sympathetic Magic, Ancient Egyptian Painting, Ancient Egyptian Amulets, Egyptian Coffins, Portraiture and the Problematic of Representation, Security for Tomb Robbery, and Training of the Artist
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This lecture begins with several questions: How different is Egyptian art and architecture from our modern/western examples? Is Egyptian art, “art for art’s sake”? Is it something else? Both? Where do we, or do we, draw the... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture begins with several questions: How different is Egyptian art and architecture from our modern/western examples? Is Egyptian art, “art for art’s sake”? Is it something else? Both? Where do we, or do we, draw the line between art and architecture? For instance, buildings form a skeletal framework for art (e.g., wall scenes), fittings (e.g., statues), and furnishings (e.g., objets d’art). The lecture proceeds with a overview of the basic raw materials available for Ancient Egyptian architecture and art, and their general applications and limitations in use, while quarrying and construction techniques are also summarized. A brief coverage is given for the selection of certain building sites, the design requirements within many cultic and funerary structures, their decoration, and furnishings, including the diverse symbolism incorporated into certain types of structures (e.g., temples, shrines, chapels, tombs, and palaces). The lecture narrows its focus to artistic and cultural conventions in art, looking at the techniques and canon for portraying human figure, animals, flora and other things: e.g., primary versus secondary figures such as kings, gods, and tomb owners versus servants, POWs, etc. (i.e., “Echelon perspective”). In the coverage of conventions in sculpture, and “the law of frontality” is discussed. Further narrative and illustration is provided for various motifs, gestures, and symbolism within various scenes, art and Ancient Egyptian culture: smiting scenes, stereotypes for Egyptians and foreigners, symbolic associations between various colours and amulets, art, and architecture, the significance of various gestures (e.g., turning of the bow; submission, mourning), aspects of duality, significant numbers, and other symbols and symbolism in Ancient Egyptian art. A series of summary text slides is provided at the end of this lecture, summing up the most pertinent points. UPDATED: Brief edits and some revisions to text from 2014 version.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Art History, and 31 moreArt, Architecture, Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Gesture Studies, Egyptian Archaeology, History of Sculpture, Portraiture, History of Art, Symbolism (Religion), Symbolism (Art History), Ancient Art, Ancient Egyptian Iconography, Funerary Architecture, Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology, History of architecture, Superstitions and Superstitious Belief, Amulets, Gestures, Color symbolism, Ancient Egyptian Art, Styles in Art and Architecture, History of Pigments, magic and superstition in Antiquity, Art and Gender, Design Guidelines, Art and Religion, Colour Symbolism, Ancient Egyptian Amulets, Ancient Egyptian Artists, Symbolism in Architecture, and Gender Stereotyping
ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses mainly upon this author's excavations, findings, and analysis of a late Old Kingdom fort at Ras Budran in el-Markha Plain, South Sinai, and the broader context of both its time period and East Mediterranean... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses mainly upon this author's excavations, findings, and analysis of a late Old Kingdom fort at Ras Budran in el-Markha Plain, South Sinai, and the broader context of both its time period and East Mediterranean in general. In essence, the time period (Dynasty 6), need, and placement of the fort seem to suggest a felt need for such added security in South Sinai (where no earlier fort/forts have been found --yet). After covering the findings from the fort, the lecture proceeds with a broader discussion. In the context of 2,300-2,200 BCE, climatic change (namely increasing aridity and a few major droughts) plays a definite role in the "collapse" (decline) of Egypt’s Old Kingdom ca. 2,200 BC, while several other factors also played a significant part (albeit much debated regarding their exact role in relation to climate). Increasing aridity toward end of Old Kingdom translated into droughts, which in-turn created famines and led to internal & external instability. At the time of the late Old Kingdom, Egypt’s neighbouring city-states in Palestine (Early Bronze Age III) shifted into a mostly de-urbanized landscape (Early Bronze Age IV: ca.2300-2000 BCE): i.e., reflecting strife. During the same EB IV period, Syrian city-states become much more impoverished, but fared better than de-urbanized Palestinian to South. Egyptian accounts from Dyn.6 report Bedouin massacres of Egyptian expeditions to the Red Sea and in northern Nubia, alongside accounts of military expeditions into Palestine and allusions to forts (or fort-building) along the eastern frontier. Later (propagandistic) Egyptian accounts hearken back to Asiatic Bedouin incursions into the East Delta, and general unrest in peripheral regions (drought?). Evidence for dramatic rise in Bedouin seasonal campsites in EB IV northern Sinai Peninsula: i.e., potential enemies on Egypt’s E. frontier. Evidence for late OK destruction and mass burials at major East Delta city (Mendes), which may suggest civil strife, incursions, or other things. Evidence for the establishment of late Old Kingdom fort(s) in South Sinai, which may suggest a new circumstance where earlier forts are unknown (as of yet). Other evidence, however, suggests that the E. Desert and Sinai Bedu were always somewhat hostile and a threat, such as Egypt’s felt need to have troop escorts here, build fortified camps, and subdue Bedouin tribes. The situation in Dyn.6 (early EB IV) seems to have been a dramatic intensification of former conditions: i.e., Bedu hostility and conflict over marginal resources (i.e., Egyptian exploitation of local wells, game, etc.). Despite all these factors, which are related to climatic factors, Egypt also displays non-climatic factors that had been building in Old Kingdom and also contributed to its “collapse”: i.e., a “last straw” scenario? The lecture continues with a discussion of various factors leading up to the decline/collapse of the Old Kingdom in Dynasty 6. A series of summary text slides are placed at the end of the lecture to provide a quick reference and narrative to the main points. UPDATED: 16 March 2016: some brief edits added since the 2014 version.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Climate Change, and 21 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Drought Stress, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Fortifications, Borders and Frontiers, Sinai, Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant, Red Sea archaeology, ancient Red sea ports, Turquoise, Mendes, Activity patterns, Egyptian fortresses, Old Kingdom Archaeology, Egypt, Sinai, Bedouin, collapse of the Old Kingdom, Stone Construction, Economic Collapse, Climate Change History, and Stone Fort
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the First Intermediate Period (FIP), spanning Dynasties (7)/8 through early/mid-11 (ca. 2,200-2,040 BCE), but includes periodic discussion regarding the late Old Kingdom leading up to this period and the... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the First Intermediate Period (FIP), spanning Dynasties (7)/8 through early/mid-11 (ca. 2,200-2,040 BCE), but includes periodic discussion regarding the late Old Kingdom leading up to this period and the Middle Kingdom emerging from it. The lecture begins with a summary of what we know about the decline of, albeit continuity of the (increasingly nominal) Memphite royal rule in, Egypt’s early First Intermediate Period (Dyns. 7-8), which can be considered part of the late Old Kingdom (e.g., King Ibi/Aba). It proceeds with the transition from Dyn. 8-9 (including the nomarch Ankhtifi [southern Egypt]), and continues with the rise and establishment of the Herakleopolitan (northern kingdom) and Theban (southern kingdom), incorporating a summary of historical events, art, architecture, material culture, and other aspects (e.g., King Khui; Nomarch Intef; Montuhotep I [the founder]; Kings Intef I-III; Montuhotep II). The lecture then furnishes selected selected contemporary (FIP) texts --and some later, early, key Middle Kingdom (propagandistic) texts-- to illustrate some trends and characteristics attested and alleged during this period (sometimes called a "Dark Age"). It gives an initial introduction to the roots and rise of the Osiris cult (at Abydos), the deity Osiris, and his nature and changing roles in the FIP through Middle Kingdom (and later). In the concluding section, the lecture covers the main characteristics of mortuary customs and practices during the First Intermediate Period (and into the Middle Kingdom), including (1) regional variance in burials (e.g., furnishings and decoration), (2) a few known royal tomb forms (e.g., saff/row tombs; small pyramids), selected poor to elite tombs (e.g., pit graves; rock-cut; mastaba tombs), a rise in rural burial wealth (e.g., Qau-Mostagedda cemetery), regional art (e.g., new/different and poor to good quality tomb decoration; an emerging Theban art style), false door stelae and offering slabs, different scenes with tomb owners (e.g., banquet scene; couples; other), coffins, the Coffin Texts (including roots in the Pyramid Texts and new spells), and guide maps (to the afterlife), cartonnage mummy masks (new), human-headed canopic jars, ka-spirit statues and statuettes, amulets, jewellery, seals, soul houses, models (including illustrations of diverse types: FIP-Dyn.12), and paddle dolls. The lecture concludes with a series of summary slides. UPDATED: 17 March, 2016, adding a new slide, some new text, revised/edited text, and some re-formatting (since the 2014 version of this lecture).
Is there any validity to later Dyn. 12 literary accounts regarding the preceding
FIP being a time of political and social turmoil, drought & famine & incursions?
What do we know about the FIP from contemporary textual-pictorial accounts?
What does the archaeological evidence tell us about this period?
Is there agreement between textual-pictorial sources & archaeological data?
How does the archaeological data modify our views about the FIP?
How does the FIP represent a major time of transition for Egypt, regarding:
- Kingship and centralized power?
- Social organization?
- Dispersal of wealth amongst different social classes?
- Religious beliefs?
Do the apparent modifications in the Ancient Egyptians’ outlook change
later in the Middle Kingdom? (king’s loss of prestige; powerful governors; etc.)
Pay attention to the apparent changes that emerge during the FIP to Middle
Kingdom periods: political, religious, social, art, architecture. Material wealth, +
Is there any validity to later Dyn. 12 literary accounts regarding the preceding
FIP being a time of political and social turmoil, drought & famine & incursions?
What do we know about the FIP from contemporary textual-pictorial accounts?
What does the archaeological evidence tell us about this period?
Is there agreement between textual-pictorial sources & archaeological data?
How does the archaeological data modify our views about the FIP?
How does the FIP represent a major time of transition for Egypt, regarding:
- Kingship and centralized power?
- Social organization?
- Dispersal of wealth amongst different social classes?
- Religious beliefs?
Do the apparent modifications in the Ancient Egyptians’ outlook change
later in the Middle Kingdom? (king’s loss of prestige; powerful governors; etc.)
Pay attention to the apparent changes that emerge during the FIP to Middle
Kingdom periods: political, religious, social, art, architecture. Material wealth, +
Research Interests: Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Art History, and 31 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, History of Art, Individualism, Abydos, Siege Warfare, First Intermediate Period, Archaeology of pilgrimage, Mummies, Herakleopolis Magna, Osiris, PYRAMID, Offering tables, Antiquities Looting, Mortuary Feasting, Coffin Texts, ancient Egypytian pyramids, ancient Siege Warfare, collapse of the Old Kingdom, Canopic jars, Thebes (Egypt), Tomb Art, Egyptian Coffins, Royal Pyramids, Intefs, Soul Houses, paddle dolls (Egypt), Tomb Models, Ankhtifi (Egypt), Montuhotep (Egypt), and Mummy Masks
ABSTRACT: This lecture examines mid-late Dynasty 11, starting with Montuhotep II, the conflict with the rival northern kingdom (the Herakleopolitans), and reunification. The lecture poses and attempts to address various questions: Why... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture examines mid-late Dynasty 11, starting with Montuhotep II, the conflict with the rival northern kingdom (the Herakleopolitans), and reunification. The lecture poses and attempts to address various questions: Why did the Theban kingdom feel the need to reunite all of Egypt? (i.e., a return to glory days of ED-OK Egypt? Ancestral linkage to OK? Abydos?); How did the Theban kingdom (i.e., Montuhotep II) reunify all Egypt? ca.2040 BC?; What territories did the northern enemy kingdom control? Middle Egypt only?; What evidence is used to recreate this process of re-unification? Texts? Archaeology?; Having re-unified all Egypt, what else did Montuhotep II do, if at all, to recreate/draw upon the “Old Kingdom”?; (i.e., subduing frontier peoples; grand building projects; adopting Old Kingdom art forms); How did Montuhotep II reward his followers? loyal officials within Southern Egypt?; How did Montuhotep II treat the defeated enemy ruler(s) & northern governors?; What evidence do we have for preferential treatment of Southern Egyptians?; What major innovation occurs regarding Montuhotep II’s mortuary complex? (i.e., How is it similar to and dissimilar to Old Kingdom pyramid complexes?); What evidence do we have for the last rulers of Dynasty 11? Montuhotep III-IV?; How does Dynasty 11 end? Why does it disintegrate? No heir? Civil war? Etc.; What important data can we glean from the surviving Middle Kingdom literary sources? (i.e., Using diverse textual sources appropriately as “historical sources”). The Heqanakht papers/letters provide a reference to famine and cannibalism (to the south of Thebes), and also daily life intrigues, household administration, and farming practices in southern Egypt. The lecture also provides an example of some Coffin texts using the tomb of Nakht-Ankh, and summarizes important pieces of Middle Kingdom literature, with a focus on two pieces for student reading (e.g., Tale of the Eloquent Peasant [i.e., regional trade; justice; law]; Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor [sailing; Red Sea; Punt]). UPDATED: March 30, 2016: This lecture was edited, reformatted in some areas, and had a few new slides added (since the 2014 version).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Maritime History, and 26 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Cannibalism, History of Daily Life, Middle Kingdom necropoleis (Egyptology), Ancient Agriculture & Farming (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Ancient Egyptian Literature, Ancient Shipwrecks, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Siege Warfare, Ancient Agriculture, foreign relations during ancient Egypt's Middle Kingdom, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor, Ancient Sailing, Cannibalism, anthropology and history, Coffin Texts, Royal tombs - Egypt, Ancient Literature, Deir El-Bahari, Deir El Bahri Temple, Egyptology, Literature, Shipwrecked Sailor, Story of the Eloquent Peasant, Egyptian Queens, Heqanakht papyri, Montuhotep II (Dynasty 11, Egypt), and Montuhotep III (Dynasty 11, Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This lecture deals mainly with Dynasty 12, proceeding through the reigns of (1) Amenemhet I; (2) Senwosret I; (3) Amenemhet II; (4) Senwosret II; (5) Senwosret III; (6) Amenemhet III; (7) Amenemhet IV; and (8) Queen Sobekneferu... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture deals mainly with Dynasty 12, proceeding through the reigns of (1) Amenemhet I; (2) Senwosret I; (3) Amenemhet II; (4) Senwosret II; (5) Senwosret III; (6) Amenemhet III; (7) Amenemhet IV; and (8) Queen Sobekneferu (who assumed the throne as a "king" and daughter of Re), then highlights some Dynasty 13 rulers, their pyramids, and the traces of pyramids and capstones from unidentified royal owners, and finishes up with coverage of the Story of Sinuhe (using M. Lichtheim's translation). At the beginning of the lecture, and throughout the lecture, various questions are addressed: (a) Under what circumstances did Amenemhet I found Dyn.12? (i.e., was he an opportunist? or usurper?); (b) Why did Amenemhet I move the capital from Thebes to the north? (i.e., to Itj-towy); (c) Do the classic Middle Kingdom series of tales promoted by Amenemhet I and Senwosret I have any basis in reality? (i.e., Prophecy of Neferti; Admonitions of Ipuwer; Story of Sinuhe); (d) What purposes might these entertaining tales have served the early Dyn.12 kings? (i.e., Legitimizing the new dynasty? Promoting a good image of the kings? Etc.); (e) What other programs did the Dynasty 12 rulers pursue to forge a link with the Old Kingdom? (i.e., Resumption of royal pyramid construction; establishing northern capital, albeit new); (f) How were Middle Kingdom pyramids similar to and different from Old Kingdom pyramids? (this will be addressed more extensively in a later lecture); (g) How and why did the Middle Kingdom rulers alter their approach to Lower Nubia?; (h) How and why did Middle Kingdom rulers alter their approach to Sinai /Syria-Palestine?; (i) Does The Story of Sinuhe reflect the known socio-political situation in Syria-Palestine? (i.e., Is the tale true to its period of composition? Is it reliable for general historical data?); (j) How did the powerful 12th Dynasty end? (i.e., A sudden collapse? Gradual decline? Other?: i.e., What were the agents of change and decline? Is it clear? Uncertain?); (k) What other differences & similarities exist between the Old and Middle Kingdoms? (i.e., What dramatic changes do we see in Ancient Egyptian society, religion, art, architecture, etc?); (l) What do we know of the elusive Dynasty 13 rulers, their pyramids, burial furnishings, and regional through international activities? (i.e., especially the first 27 rulers until the last known ruler [Ay] of a unified Egypt); and (m) What can we glean from the Story of Sinuhe regarding political events?; Ancient Egyptian interrelations with its neighbours?; Life in Canaan (particularly along the fringes of urban Canaan)?; Travel across borders?; The court of the pharaoh? Typical aspects of housing, life, and burials for elite Egyptians? At the end of the lecture there is a summary for each Dynasty 12 ruler plus a brief statement on Dynasty 13.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Middle Kingdom, and 23 moreMiddle Kingdom (Egyptology), Land Reclamation, History of Middle kingdom, Amenemhet III, PYRAMID, senwosret III, 13th Dynasty, ancient Egypytian pyramids, Karnak Temple, Amenemhat III, Ancient Egyptian Administration, Senwosret I, Fayum, Hawara Labyrinth, Amenemhet II (Dyn. 12, Egypt), Amenemhet I (Dyn. 12, Egypt), Amenemhet IV (Dyn.12, Egypt), Senwosret I (Dyn. 12, Egypt), Senwosret II (Dyn. 12, Egypt), Sobekneferu (Dyn. 12, Egypt), Story of Sinuhe (Dyn. 12, Egypt), Prophecy of Neferti (Dyn. 12, Egypt), and Itj-tawy / Itj-towy (Dyn. 12, capital, Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This lecture concentrates upon the Middle Kingdom military, its army, equipment, training, fortifications, siege warfare, auxiliary forces, and specific presence in Lower Nubia, featuring the fortresses at Buhen and Askut in... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture concentrates upon the Middle Kingdom military, its army, equipment, training, fortifications, siege warfare, auxiliary forces, and specific presence in Lower Nubia, featuring the fortresses at Buhen and Askut in particular. The lecture begins by asking a series of questions, and attempts to answer them in the ppt coverage (and beyond the slides too): (a) What evidence do we have for a Middle Kingdom professional army?; (b) Early Egyptologists debated why Egypt built huge fortresses in Lower Nubia: What do these massive & complex Middle Kingdom forts in Lower Nubia imply regarding the local northern Nubians, the desert tribes and the southern Nubians?; (c) Is there evidence for a sufficient threat in Lower Nubian Nile Valley: C-Group?; (d) Is there evidence for a threat from the desert hills? i.e., Libyans? Medjay? Etc.; (e) Is there a sufficiently powerful enemy to the south of the 2nd Cataract zone?; (f) How did this complex of forts and garrisons interact with the local northern Nubians? (more evidence is provided in the discussion on Askut); (g) How did Egypt and Egyptian-controlled Lower Nubia interact with Upper Nubia?; (h) Why did the Egyptians desire to hold Lower Nubia? (i.e., a buffer zone? Resources?); (i) Why not simply trade with Lower Nubia? (i.e., Costs versus benefits of occupation?); (j) How did a typical fort function?; (k) What components did it contain?; (l) How did the network of forts interact with one another? (Is there a grand design?). At this point the lecture furnishes the example of the fortress of Buhen and walks through its various features (a link is also provided to a 6-minute video clip by the EES in which Harry Smith is interviewed about his participation in W. B. Emery's 1960s' work at Buhen). The lecture proceeds next to answer: (m) Can we detect ethnicity & cross-cultural relations in a typical Egyptian fort? (n) How did such cross-cultural relations change over time? (Middle Kingdom; Second Intermediate Period; New Kingdom); The last question, (o) How and why might such MK fortresses have been defeated? Abandoned? Etc., is actually left to the last lectures dealing with the Kingdom of Kerma. A series of summary text slides are placed at the end of this lecture. UPDATE: 7 April, 2016: This lecture is modified a little from the 2014 version, including a link to H. S. Smith's 6-minute video on work at Buhen.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Military Intelligence, and 23 moreBorder Studies, Egyptian Archaeology, Military Architecture, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Middle Kingdom, Ancient Nubia, Fortifications, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Forts and garrisons, Egypt and Nubia, Fortresses, Nubian studies, Border Security, foreign relations during ancient Egypt's Middle Kingdom, Ancient Trade Routes, Kushite Archaeology, Egyptian fortresses, Nubian Archaeology, Buhen, Fortresses In Egypt and Sudan, Askut (fort, Ancient Nubia), and Buhen (fort, Ancient Nubia)
ABSTRACT: This lecture serves as part-1 of two parts and covers the re-introduction of pyramid complexes for Dynasty 12 rulers, including an overview on their construction and design. This section emphasizes their superficial... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture serves as part-1 of two parts and covers the re-introduction of pyramid complexes for Dynasty 12 rulers, including an overview on their construction and design. This section emphasizes their superficial similarities in form to the earlier Old Kingdom models versus their differences in location, construction, and design details, both (a) between the Old and Middle Kingdoms and (b) between individual Dynasty 12 pyramid complexes. The next section provides an overview in sequence of the various components making up Dynasty 12 complexes and a more detailed example for Senwosret III (within most components [excluding missing elements]): (i) Burial complex; (ii) Pyramid entryway; (iii) North chapel; (iv) Mortuary Temple (East and South examples for S.III, especially the decorative program/art); (v) Ka-spirit satellite pyramid (not known for S.III); (vi) Enclosure wall; (vii) Causeway (with an underpass for S.III); (viii) Valley Temple (unexcavated for S.III); (ix) Boat pits (mostly known for S.III); and (x) Queens' pyramids (e.g., virtually intact/partly intact burials for princesses, including Sit-Hathor-Yunet and her jewelry/jewellery). The lecture proceeds with an overview of other components that are limited to Dynasty 12 examples in general, including (xi) Pyramid cemeteries (i.e., adjacent burials of courtiers); and Pyramid cult towns (citing examples for Senwosret I, Senwosret II, and Amenemhet III). A series of summary text slides complete part-1's overview of Middle Kingdom pyramid complexes. UPDATE: April 11, 2016: Revising format of 2014 version of this lecture.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Art History, and 24 moreEgyptian Archaeology, History of Art, Middle Kingdom necropoleis (Egyptology), Middle Kingdom, Mortuary archaeology, Ancient jewellery, Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts, Book of the Dead, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Mortuary temple, Amenemhet III, PYRAMID, senwosret III, ancient Egypytian pyramids, Boat grave, Elevated Roads and Underpass Road Construction, Boat Grave, Ship Burial, Royal Burials, Royal Pyramids, Sesostris III, Amenemhet II (Dyn. 12, Egypt), Amenemhet I (Dyn. 12, Egypt), Senwosret I (Dyn. 12, Egypt), Senwosret II (Dyn. 12, Egypt), and Senwosret III (Dyn.12, Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This lecture, which forms part-2 of two, provides a broad overview on Pyramid towns and cults (e.g., Lahun), the Abydos cult of Osiris, components found in Middle Kingdom towns (using various examples), and a peripheral temple... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture, which forms part-2 of two, provides a broad overview on Pyramid towns and cults (e.g., Lahun), the Abydos cult of Osiris, components found in Middle Kingdom towns (using various examples), and a peripheral temple (Hathor Temple in South Sinai). At the beginning of the lecture, the following questions are posed: (a) What do we know about Middle Kingdom royal mortuary cults? (How did they function?); (b) Who served in royal mortuary cults? Where did they live? How did cults last?; (c) What do we know about the Pyramid Town of Senwosret II? (d) How many people lived within it? What sorts of people dwelt here? (e) What is the "Temple" building in the large court?; (f) Who lived in the “Acropolis” building? When and why was it abandoned?; (g) Who lived within the 8 large mansions along the northern side of the town?; How did these mansions function? Can we examine the architectural details in conjunction with MK textual-pictorial and other parallels, and provide a plausible reconstruction of the various functions and workings of their different parts? (h) What about the other housing in the town? What can we say about them? The lecture proceeds to look at selected components found in other Middle Kingdom settlements: (i) What are other Middle Kingdom settlements like? What do we know? What are regular “organic” towns like versus state-founded, pre-planned ones? The lecture also discusses non-mortuary temples: (j) What are non mortuary temples like? i.e., major cult temples for deities … The Middle Kingdom Abydos cult of Osiris is covered next: (k) What do we know about the Abydos cult during the Middle Kingdom? The lecture concludes with a peripheral mining temple in South Sinai: (l) How did peripheral cult temples work? (E.g., Hathor Temple in South Sinai). A series of summary text slides furnish the main points covered by the lecture. UPDATE: 13 April, 2016: Re-formatted a bit, with dividing header slides and some modified text since 2014 version.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Urban Geography, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 21 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Aegean Egyptian Interrelatlations, Household Archaeology, Middle Kingdom necropoleis (Egyptology), Egypt and Canaan, Middle Kingdom, Ancient trade (Archaeology), History of architecture, Abydos, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Lahun, Osiris, PYRAMID, Votive offerings, History of Architecture and Town Planning, Ancient domestic architecture, ancient Egypytian pyramids, Osiris cult, Royal Pyramids, Lahun / Kahun (town, Middle Kingdom, Egypt), and Serabit el-Khadim (pharaonic temple, turquoise mining, Sinai, Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This lecture aims at providing an overview of mortuary practices, customs, and beliefs during the Middle Kingdom, with a main focus on middle class to especially upper class tombs. The lecture begins by providing a brief... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture aims at providing an overview of mortuary practices, customs, and beliefs during the Middle Kingdom, with a main focus on middle class to especially upper class tombs. The lecture begins by providing a brief overview on the various basic types of Middle Kingdom elite tombs, such as mastaba tombs and rock-cut mastabas in flat areas and desert plateau tops, rock-cut tombs in the Nile Valley, and some group burial complexes on mound tops in the delta. The lecture continues by furnishing an example of tomb chapels, their architectural components, fittings, decoration, decorative placement, various components, genres, and their significance and meaning, using the Dynasty 12 tomb of the nomarch (governor) Khnumhotep II as the main example, but adding further illustrations of ka-spirit statues, offering tables, and the Ancient Egyptian (biased) scribal views on various professions and industries in the Satire of Trades. The last part of the lecture looks at burial chambers and their fittings, including sarcophagi, box coffins (including different styles, decoration and inscriptions, Coffin Texts, guide maps to the afterlife, etc.), anthropoid coffins, face masks, mummies, canopic jars and chests, funerary jewellery (i.e., with protective/ritual amulets), shabti figurines, statuettes, furnishings, adornment (non-ritual jewellery), cosmetic kits, games, professional and personal items (e.g., musical instruments; tool kits; hunting equipment; weaponry), models (e.g., weaponry; housing [i.e., soul houses; house model]; food; offering tables; Abydos pilgrimage boat [with a reference to tomb chapel decoration]). The lecture ends with a series of summary text slides. UPDATED: 18 April, 2016 (reformatted with some new text, new sub-divisions, and re-ordering of slide sequence, since 2014 edition).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 42 moreFunerary Archaeology, History of Sculpture, Funerary Belief (Egyptology), Middle Kingdom necropoleis (Egyptology), Ancient Craftmanship (Archaeology), Middle Kingdom, Funerary Architecture, Ancient Warfare, Ancient jewellery, Ancient Egyptian Shabti Figures, Coffins/Sarcophagi (Egyptology), Funerary Practices, Ancient board games, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Siege Warfare, Ancient Jewelry, History of Jewelry, Mummies, Furniture History, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, History of cosmetics, Offering tables, History of Board Games, Ancient Crafts, Ancient Furniture, Shabtis, Coffin Texts, Bronze Age Axes, Beni Hasan, Ancient Egyptian Mummies, Canopic jars, Egyptian Coffins, 12th Dynasty, Shabtis - Shawabtis - Ushebtis, Soul Houses, Maquetas Funerarias / Funerary Models, Tomb Models, Mummy Masks, Satire of Trades (Middle Kingdom literature, Egypt), Khnumhotep II (nomarch, Middle Egypt), Musical Instruments (Archaeology), and Abydos pilgrimage (Ancient Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides an overview focusing on the Second Intermediate Period in Egypt, but also includes its roots in the Middle Kingdom and aftermath in early Dynasty 18. The lecture begins with a brief summary of the main... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides an overview focusing on the Second Intermediate Period in Egypt, but also includes its roots in the Middle Kingdom and aftermath in early Dynasty 18. The lecture begins with a brief summary of the main trends from the late Middle Kingdom, through various phases in the Second Intermediate Period (2IP), and into early Dynasty 18 (New Kingdom). The lecture proceeds with an overview of some key rulers, their known activity and monuments, plus international relations, during early Dynasty 13 (spanning 27 rulers' reigns), highlighting both known and newly discovered Dynasty 13 pyramids and related aspects when Egypt remained united and ruled from Itj-towy. The lecture continues into the Second Intermediate Period, which is examined in three main sections: In the first section, the "Hyksos" (Asiatics/Canaanites) are examined, looking at their emergence in Middle Kingdom Egypt, their presence and increasing dominance at Avaris (Tell ed-Dab'a), their spreading influence in northeast Egypt (e.g., Tell el-Yahudiyeh), and other details about known Hyksos rulers and their reigns. The second section shifts to the Dynasty 13 rulers' shift southward to Middle-Upper Egypt, their tombs, monuments, activities, and fluctuating peaceful through hostile relations with the Hyksos, including the fight for independence under Seqenenre Tao II, Kamose, and Ahmose in particular. The third section moves south to the Kingdom of Kerma (Nubia), which is discussed only briefly (anticipating the next three longer lectures on Kerma and Nubia). The last part of the lecture deals with the rise of Dynasty 18 (early New Kingdom), a summary of the SIP, and other aspects of this time period in general, such as royal tombs, fittings, and private tombs, mortuary practices and customs. The lecture provides a series of summary text slides at the end. UPDATED: April 20, 2016, with some new formatting, a new slide (e.g., Sobeknakht II at Elkab and the Kushite invasion of Egypt in the SIP), and other revisions since the 2014 version of this lecture. Oct. 2, 2016: Clarification on Late M.K./"Hyksos" and "rampart" versus (MK-2IP/later) "(cultic) enclosure" debate at Heliopolis and Tell el-Yahudiyeh.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 31 moreHyksos, Second Intermediate Period (Egyptology), Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Kerma, Middle Bronze Age, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Ancient trade (Archaeology), Minoan Archaeology, Fortifications, Military Archaeology, Minoische Fresken - Minoan Frescoes, Avaris, Kushite Archaeology, Hyksos Period, Egyptian god Seth, 13th Dynasty, Ancient Egyptian pyramids, Middle Bronze Age Levant, Canaanites, Thebes (Egypt), Late Middle Kingdom Egypt, King Ahmose, Royal Pyramids, Tell El-Yahudiyeh Ware, Ancient International Relations, Overland Trails, Tell ed-Daba (Avaris), Kamose (Dynasty 17, Egypt), Sobeknakht II (Elkab, Egypt), Rulers of Foreign Lands (Hyksos), and Tjaru (Tell Heboua, North Sinai, Egypt)
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ABSTRACT: This documentary gives a nice summary of Ancient Egypt's environment, the annual Nile floods, the vegetative and climatic cycle (flood season; dry season; etc.), and the roots of Ancient Egyptian culture, religion, mythology,... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary gives a nice summary of Ancient Egypt's environment, the annual Nile floods, the vegetative and climatic cycle (flood season; dry season; etc.), and the roots of Ancient Egyptian culture, religion, mythology, etc., that came from the fauna and flora along the Nile and in the adjacent deserts. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: "Nile: Crocodile and Kings" (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kG_N6UjnPQM [48 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
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ABSTRACT: Ancient Egypt Uncovered, disk 1: Chaos and Kings. Covering Prehistory (Nabta Playa), the rise of civilization, the Predynastic at Naqada, the period of unification (at Hierakonpolis, Buto, Abydos, and Memphis [Pepy II]), and an... more
ABSTRACT: Ancient Egypt Uncovered, disk 1: Chaos and Kings. Covering Prehistory (Nabta Playa), the rise of civilization, the Predynastic at Naqada, the period of unification (at Hierakonpolis, Buto, Abydos, and Memphis [Pepy II]), and an Old Kingdom dam (or some form of flash flood protection). This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Discovery Channel: Chaos and Kings (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vedycfT3-S8 [51 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
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ABSTRACT: This video examines the late Predynastic reign of Narmer, ca. 3,000 BCE (Dynasty 0), including evidence for him unifying Egypt during his reign, the Narmer Palette symbolism, sealings from Abydos, and other evidence. This... more
ABSTRACT: This video examines the late Predynastic reign of Narmer, ca. 3,000 BCE (Dynasty 0), including evidence for him unifying Egypt during his reign, the Narmer Palette symbolism, sealings from Abydos, and other evidence. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, History Channel, Planet Egypt: Birth of an Empire (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5o_WBSgv2f4 [47 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
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ABSTRACT: Discovery: Ancient Egypt Uncovered, disk-1, Pyramid Resurrection Machines: Covering the appearance of the Dyn.3 Step Pyramid, its beginnings in Dyn.2 under Khasekhemwy, who may have begun a similar structure nearby at Gisr... more
ABSTRACT: Discovery: Ancient Egypt Uncovered, disk-1, Pyramid Resurrection Machines: Covering the appearance of the Dyn.3 Step Pyramid, its beginnings in Dyn.2 under Khasekhemwy, who may have begun a similar structure nearby at Gisr el-Mudir, and focusing on the Step Pyramid (Dyn.3), Sneferu's pyramids (Dyn.4), the Giza pyramids (Dyn.4), the Abu Sir pyramids (Dyn.5), and later pyramids (Meroe; Gebel Barkal). This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Discovery Channel: Pyramid: Resurrection Machine (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQs_nymeiKw [50 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
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ABSTRACT: BBC documentary, Building the Great Pyramid: Focusing upon its construction from the view point of a conscript labourer who rises through the ranks of the pyramid workforce, using combined dramatization and CGI. This documentary... more
ABSTRACT: BBC documentary, Building the Great Pyramid: Focusing upon its construction from the view point of a conscript labourer who rises through the ranks of the pyramid workforce, using combined dramatization and CGI. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: Building the Great Pyramid (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqsLY9iF18A [58 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
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ABSTRACT: This video discusses more recent evidence from the dynasty 4 pyramid site of Djedefre at Abu Roash, arguing for its original completion in Dynasty 4 (e.g., French excavations revealed that the mortuary temple had been... more
ABSTRACT: This video discusses more recent evidence from the dynasty 4 pyramid site of Djedefre at Abu Roash, arguing for its original completion in Dynasty 4 (e.g., French excavations revealed that the mortuary temple had been completed), and a much later damage to sculpture and dismantling of the pyramid in the Roman period. It also discounts early arguments for a usurpation of the throne by Djedefre, and reveals his pious burial of his father, Khufu, via his cartouche on the underside of one of many blocks sealing one of Khufu’s boat pits. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, History Channel: The Lost Pyramid (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIDDDlgu5to [88 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
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ABSTRACT: This video details how and why the Old Kingdom collapsed, using lake bed cores at Dahshur (which revealed a gap/reduced Nile flood in late Dynasty 6), settlement pattern studies (an examination of a decrease in Old Kingdom to... more
ABSTRACT: This video details how and why the Old Kingdom collapsed, using lake bed cores at Dahshur (which revealed a gap/reduced Nile flood in late Dynasty 6), settlement pattern studies (an examination of a decrease in Old Kingdom to First Intermediate Period sites in the delta), and sea bed cores (showing a spike around 2,200 BCE, indicating a rise in global climatic aridity). This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Discovery Channel: Why Ancient Egypt Fell (shown in-class; also available online via http://vimeo.com/94966006 [46 minutes]; also split into multiple parts). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
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ABSTRACT: Discovery documentary on the Age of Gold: Covering initially King Tut's burial and gold wealth ca. 1327 BC in the Valley of the Kings, then back-tracking to the Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos domination of northern... more
ABSTRACT: Discovery documentary on the Age of Gold: Covering initially King Tut's burial and gold wealth ca. 1327 BC in the Valley of the Kings, then back-tracking to the Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos domination of northern Egypt, the fight for freedom by Seqenenre Tao II, the Hyksos capital at Avaris, the Nubian capital at Kerma, the important texts in the tomb of Ahmose son of Abana at ElKab, the Aegean/Minoan frescoes at Avaris, the fall of Kerma, and later periods: NK tomb painting (private-royal), Deir el-Medineh, Kadesh (battle), Ramesses III, 3IP tomb robbery and royal mummy caches. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Discovery, Egypt Uncovered: Age of Gold (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iji94nlum8o [50 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
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ABSTRACT: This question sheet follows a NOVA documentary that is useful for displaying experimental archaeology regarding the potential application of several transportation and construction techniques in building a small scale pyramid; I... more
ABSTRACT: This question sheet follows a NOVA documentary that is useful for displaying experimental archaeology regarding the potential application of several transportation and construction techniques in building a small scale pyramid; I have retained it in my list of additional, helpful documentaries for recommendation to students interested in knowing a bit more about specific pyramid building techniques and other ideas, but I otherwise usually show different documentaries in-class to illustrate pyramid construction and usage (e.g., BBC: Building the Great Pyramid).
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ABSTRACT: Selected question sheet following a History Channel documentary focusing upon engineering feats in Ancient Egypt. The questions focused mostly on Middle Kingdom to Second Intermediate Period segments from the documnetary (e.g.,... more
ABSTRACT: Selected question sheet following a History Channel documentary focusing upon engineering feats in Ancient Egypt. The questions focused mostly on Middle Kingdom to Second Intermediate Period segments from the documnetary (e.g., Senwosret III and his "super forts" in Lower Nubia), and the Second Intermediate Period Kushites (Kerma) and Hyksos (Avaris). However, the documentary does include other engineering feats, such as a problematic reconstruction of a "dam" surrounding Early Dynastic Memphis (based solely on much later classical allusions and no archaeological data whatsoever), pyramid construction, and other things. I've used this documentary mainly to illustrate the Middle Kingdom Egyptian forts in Nubia, but otherwise exclude most of it from in-class usage.
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ABSTRACT: Questions following a BBC documentary on the application of satellite remote sensing techniques (by S. Parcak) to Ancient Egypt, including Prehistoric sites (e.g., Dakhleh Oasis), Early Dynastic Abydos (e.g., a potential tomb... more
ABSTRACT: Questions following a BBC documentary on the application of satellite remote sensing techniques (by S. Parcak) to Ancient Egypt, including Prehistoric sites (e.g., Dakhleh Oasis), Early Dynastic Abydos (e.g., a potential tomb and later ground assessment), the suggestive traces of several little known and new Old-Middle Kingdom pyramids (with later ground truthing & excavation), the subsurface traces of a Middle Kingdom town at Lisht (Itj-tawy), and satellite imagery tracing a Third Intermediate Period town at Tanis (with some confirmatory test excavations). The satellite survey also revealed 3000+ potentially little known and new sites occur at the surface and subsurface of the Nile flood plain.
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ABSTRACT: Study guide to test 1, including geography, brief overviews and broad trends, from Prehistory through the Early Dynastic periods in Egypt: (1) geographical areas and terms (e.g., Lower Egypt; Upper Egypt; Lower Nubia; Upper... more
ABSTRACT: Study guide to test 1, including geography, brief overviews and broad trends, from Prehistory through the Early Dynastic periods in Egypt: (1) geographical areas and terms (e.g., Lower Egypt; Upper Egypt; Lower Nubia; Upper Nubia; Fayum; Kmt; Dsrt), (2) selected items & term (e.g., Sequence dating; Rosetta Stone; Palermo Stone; Serekh name; Acheulian handaxe; Badarian culture), (3) selected key places (e.g., Merimde Beni Salame; Maadi; Hierakonpolis; Abydos; Memphis; Nabta Playa), (4) brief identifications (e.g., Contendings of Horus and Seth; Heliopolitan Creation myth [see ppt lectures]), (5) broad trends in (a) the Prehistoric through Badarian periods, (b) features and processes of unification (Protodynastic Egypt), and (c) broad characteristics and trends in Early Dynastic Egypt. UPDATED: Feb. 8, 2016: major revision of past study guide no.1, now with 5,473 words of text.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Acheulian (Archaeology), and 12 morePredynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, Early Dynastic (Egyptian History), Abydos, Hierakonpolis, Creation myths, Memphis, Nabta Playa, Badarian Egyptian Predynastic, Seth Horus ancient Egyptian magic and religion dualism, Creation myth, Serekh, and Rosetta Stone
ABSTRACT: Study guide to test 2, including brief overviews and broad trends, during the Old Kingdom, of (1) selected pharaohs of the Old Kingdom (e.g., Djoser; Sneferu; Khufu; Unas; Teti; Pepy II), (2) selected rituals and texts (e.g.,... more
ABSTRACT: Study guide to test 2, including brief overviews and broad trends, during the Old Kingdom, of (1) selected pharaohs of the Old Kingdom (e.g., Djoser; Sneferu; Khufu; Unas; Teti; Pepy II), (2) selected rituals and texts (e.g., Sed festival; opening of the mouth; Pyramid Texts; htp-di-nsw funerary offering formula), (3) art (e.g., echelon perspective; law of frontality), (4) architectural types/structures (e.g., Step Pyramid; True Pyramid; Sphinx Temple; Solar Temple; Mastaba), (5) royal mortuary cults (e.g., Pyramid mortuary cults; pious foundations [see ppt. lectures]), (6) social organization (e.g., the king & his duties; various lower to high officials), and (7) the Old Kingdom in general, focusing upon (a) political trends and collapse, (b) pyramid form and function, (c) pyramid construction, (d) cult temple architecture, (e) private elite tombs, and (f) other,
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Art and Archaeology, and 12 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Kingship (Egyptology), Old Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Pyramid Texts, PYRAMID, Egyptian Pharaohs, collapse of the Old Kingdom, Mastabas, Ancient Egyptian non-royal tombs, Ancient Egyptian Administration, and Egyptian Temples
ABSTRACT: Study guide to test 3, including brief overviews and broad trends of (1) the First Intermediate Period, (2) mid-late Dynasty 11, (3) Dynasty 12 in Egypt, (4) Dynasty 12 in Nubia, and (5) the Second Intermediate Period,... more
ABSTRACT: Study guide to test 3, including brief overviews and broad trends of (1) the First Intermediate Period, (2) mid-late Dynasty 11, (3) Dynasty 12 in Egypt, (4) Dynasty 12 in Nubia, and (5) the Second Intermediate Period, summarized from power point lectures and textbook readings.
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Course description: Summary: This course covers both Egypt’s Imperial Age (Dyns. 18-20) and post-Imperial Age (Dyns. 21-30), from 1550-332 BCE. However, the course focuses largely on Egypt’s New Kingdom empire, which spans 1550 through... more
Course description:
Summary: This course covers both Egypt’s Imperial Age (Dyns. 18-20) and post-Imperial Age (Dyns. 21-30), from 1550-332 BCE. However, the course focuses largely on Egypt’s New Kingdom empire, which spans 1550 through 1150 BCE, with less time spent on the post-imperial age: 1150-332 BCE. The course incorporates history, archaeology, religion, literature, art, and architecture, in an attempt to provide a broad and fairly comprehensive overview of the diverse aspects of these time periods. Of note, although this course follows ANTH.309 (Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids: 5,000-1550 BCE), it is an independent introductory course and does not require prerequisite knowledge. Expectations: attendance (10%); Best eight of Ten in-class documentaries (3% each [24% total]) are shown during the semester to augment the lecture materials and readings, and to provide other scholarly views and topics regarding Egypt’s New Kingdom to post-Imperial periods. Four study guides and tests aid students in mastering the basic materials for the time frame and topics covered in the semester (36%). A research paper (2,500-3,500 words) enables students to pursue further topics of interest that could not be explored sufficiently during the semester; it incorporates three stages, starting with submitting (a) an introductory paragraph and bibliography (i.e., to obtain feedback) (2.5%), (b) submitting the final paper (25%), and (c) re-submitting the corrected final paper adding indicated corrections to ensure future improvements in paper compilation (2.5%). The instructor provides additional in-class instruction concerning essay research and formatting, alongside the online essay guide. Aims: In essence, this course aims to augment research and writing skills, to furnish a comprehensive overview of multiple aspects of Imperial Egypt, and to serve as a “gateway” course to provide interested students with sufficient data to pursue more advanced studies in this field, related fields, or a more focused aspect of this discipline.
Summary: This course covers both Egypt’s Imperial Age (Dyns. 18-20) and post-Imperial Age (Dyns. 21-30), from 1550-332 BCE. However, the course focuses largely on Egypt’s New Kingdom empire, which spans 1550 through 1150 BCE, with less time spent on the post-imperial age: 1150-332 BCE. The course incorporates history, archaeology, religion, literature, art, and architecture, in an attempt to provide a broad and fairly comprehensive overview of the diverse aspects of these time periods. Of note, although this course follows ANTH.309 (Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids: 5,000-1550 BCE), it is an independent introductory course and does not require prerequisite knowledge. Expectations: attendance (10%); Best eight of Ten in-class documentaries (3% each [24% total]) are shown during the semester to augment the lecture materials and readings, and to provide other scholarly views and topics regarding Egypt’s New Kingdom to post-Imperial periods. Four study guides and tests aid students in mastering the basic materials for the time frame and topics covered in the semester (36%). A research paper (2,500-3,500 words) enables students to pursue further topics of interest that could not be explored sufficiently during the semester; it incorporates three stages, starting with submitting (a) an introductory paragraph and bibliography (i.e., to obtain feedback) (2.5%), (b) submitting the final paper (25%), and (c) re-submitting the corrected final paper adding indicated corrections to ensure future improvements in paper compilation (2.5%). The instructor provides additional in-class instruction concerning essay research and formatting, alongside the online essay guide. Aims: In essence, this course aims to augment research and writing skills, to furnish a comprehensive overview of multiple aspects of Imperial Egypt, and to serve as a “gateway” course to provide interested students with sufficient data to pursue more advanced studies in this field, related fields, or a more focused aspect of this discipline.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: An introduction to the course syllabus (assignments etc.), research resources, and undergraduate and graduate approaches to the materials. This is followed by a summary of the various types of evidence (textual-pictorial and... more
ABSTRACT: An introduction to the course syllabus (assignments etc.), research resources, and undergraduate and graduate approaches to the materials. This is followed by a summary of the various types of evidence (textual-pictorial and archaeological), a range of benefits and drawbacks to the various types of evidence, and putting together the broad range of evidence to create an overall interpretation of the extant remains -relying upon a patchwork of surviving materials that varies through time and space. Revised Jan. 11, 2019. Minor edits.
Research Interests:
Anth.310 Ppt. lecture-2: Geographic background to Egypt, Nubia & Syria-Palestine, featuring topography, climate, flora, fauna, minerals, metals & other resources, agricultural cycle, geo-political areas & boundaries, and other aspects (Anth.310: Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt, by G. Mumford, 2019)more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides an overview of the geography of the Nile Valley and adjacent regions, looking at the climate, topography, geology, hydrology, fauna, flora, seasonality (e.g., farming cycle), and divers exploitation and... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides an overview of the geography of the Nile Valley and adjacent regions, looking at the climate, topography, geology, hydrology, fauna, flora, seasonality (e.g., farming cycle), and divers exploitation and application of resources, as well as changes over time in landscape (e.g., coastal changes; river meandering; climatic change; shifts in flora and fauna, domestication of flora and fauna), and other things. The lecture also provides illustrations of the different aspects of evidence for such things, including Ancient Egyptian depictions, models, textual materials, archaeological evidence, and modern research. The Ancient and modern designations for Egypt, Nubia, and Syria-Palestine are covered, including the various peoples within these areas. (revised Jan. 11, 2019). UPDATED: 26 June, 2019, adding a table of contents plus many selected sources regarding Ancient Egypt's geography, vegetation, fauna, flora, metals, minerals, stone, etc.
Research Interests: Historical Geography, Archaeology, Egyptology, Landscape Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 15 moreEgypt, Plant domestication (Prehistoric Archaeology), Ancient Near East, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, Nubia, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Ancient Agriculture & Farming (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Ancient Industry, Settlement archaeology, Ancient Nubia, Animal domestication, Ancient Egypt, Nile River Basin, and Coastal Changes
ABSTRACT: This lecture forms an introduction to the foundation of Ancient Egypt's New Kingdom and New Kingdom Empire: It summarizes the emergence and development of significant factors during the Middle Kingdom through Second Intermediate... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture forms an introduction to the foundation of Ancient Egypt's New Kingdom and New Kingdom Empire: It summarizes the emergence and development of significant factors during the Middle Kingdom through Second Intermediate Period that culminated in a re-united Egypt and early imperial Egypt during late Dynasty 17 to early Dynasty 18. The lecture provides an overview on the appearance of and Egypt's interactions with "Asiatics" (i.e., Levantine/Canaanite peoples) during the Middle Kingdom (Dyn. 12), the late Middle Kingdom (early Dyn. 13), and the Second Intermediate Period (SIP/2IP), especially at Tell ed-Dab'a (Avaris); it looks at the archaeological and textual-pictorial evidence for a southward shift/retreat in Egypt's rulers from the Memphite-Lisht region to southern Egypt (e.g., Abydos and Thebes) during the reign of Merneferre Ay (ruler no. 27), and the emergence of an independent, "Hyksos" kingdom (i.e., Asiatic/Canaanite "Rulers of Foreign Lands") in the delta. It examines the rise of Thebes, and the battles for Egypt's re-unification against the Hyksos (and Nubia/Kerma), plus the reign of Ahmose, early raids into the Levant (Canaan), and other legacies of the Hyksos period (e.g., appearance of horses and chariots; weaponry; and other foreign influences: Minoan frescoes in late 2IP-early Dyn.18 Avaris). (Revised Jan. 22 2019). UPDATE: Some reformatting, table of contents, and adding selected sources ...
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 32 moreNear Eastern Archaeology, Strategy (Military Science), Egyptian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hyksos, Second Intermediate Period (Egyptology), Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Kerma, Egypt and Canaan, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Middle Kingdom, Ancient trade (Archaeology), Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), Second Intermediate Period, foreign relations during ancient Egypt's Middle Kingdom, Minoische Fresken - Minoan Frescoes, Avaris, Hyksos Period, Ancient Military Tactics, 13th Dynasty, Tell el Daba, Egypt, Thebes (Egypt), Seth Temple at Avaris, Late Middle Kingdom Egypt, King Ahmose, Tell El-Yahudiyeh Ware, Seqenenre, Tell ed-Daba (Avaris), Kamose (Dynasty 17, Egypt), khendjer (Dyn.13 pharaoh, Egypt), Merneferre Ay (Dyn.13 pharaoh), and Tell el-Yahudiyeh (Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides a summary of the reigns of Ahmose (brief re-capping of previous lecture), Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, and the co-regency of Thutmose III and Hatshepsut. The lecture outlines the various events... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides a summary of the reigns of Ahmose (brief re-capping of previous lecture), Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, and the co-regency of Thutmose III and Hatshepsut. The lecture outlines the various events and achievements, ranging from each ruler's succession and status, to individual domestic building programs (e.g., temples; monuments), international relations (e.g., expeditions; campaigns), special features within each reign, and the royal tomb, mortuary complex, and furnishings (January 28, 2019). UPDATED: Adding a bibliography for selected sources (March 6, 2019).
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 24 moreNear Eastern Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, History of Imperialism, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Kerma, Ancient Nubia, Imperialism, Red Sea, Egypt and Nubia, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Ancient Trade Routes, Thutmosis III, Thutmosis I, Karnak Temple, Red Sea Trade, King Ahmose, Thutmose Iii and Hatshepsut, Queen Hatshepsut and Thutmose Iii, Shasu, and Thutmose II
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides a broader background for the New Kingdom regarding Egyptian society --particularly in the New Kingdom. It starts with an overview of the hierarchical, "pyramidal" structure of Ancient Egyptian society... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides a broader background for the New Kingdom regarding Egyptian society --particularly in the New Kingdom. It starts with an overview of the hierarchical, "pyramidal" structure of Ancient Egyptian society (including gender roles), and proceeds with an examination of the elite through lower classes: The king, chief queen, secondary queens, princes, princesses, upper officials, mid-range officials, lower officials, crafts persons, peasant farmers, and others (including POWs and slaves), plus administration, control, organization and payment of labour. The lecture incorporates a wide range of approaches and aspects, including iconography, symbolism, costumes, titulary, education and training (e.g., tutors), and other components within many of the above categories --especially for kings, queens, princes, and princesses in Ancient Egypt (revised Jan. 28, 2019: adding table of contents, new formatting, extra label slide divisions, some editing, etc. UPDATED: 27 June, 2019, adding many sources (selected) regarding society in Ancient Egypt, including social organization, kingship, co-regencies, kings, queenship, queens, viziers, priests, non-royal commoners through elite, women in Ancient Egypt, sexuality, and other sources.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Iconography, Women's Studies, and 15 moreEgyptian Archaeology, History of Costume, Symbolism (Art History), Kingship (Egyptology), Administration (Archaeology), Ancient Egyptian Queenship, Ancient Egyptian Iconography, Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Education in antiquity, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egyptian Society, Ancient egyptian administation, Egyptian Royal Titulary, Egyptian viceroys of Kush, and Viziers (Ancient Egypt)
Anth.310 Ppt. lecture-6: New Kingdom military, featuring innovations (e.g., chariotry), organization, training (elite; conscripts), equipment, weaponry, transportation, logistics, fortifications, siege tactics, and other aspects (Anth.310: Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt, by G. Mumford, Feb. 2019)more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides an overview of the New Kingdom military in 20 topic areas: (1) foreign innovations adopted by late 2IP-early Dyn.18 army (chariots & horses, etc.), (2) the organization of the imperial army (e.g.,... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides an overview of the New Kingdom military in 20 topic areas: (1) foreign innovations adopted by late 2IP-early Dyn.18 army (chariots & horses, etc.), (2) the organization of the imperial army (e.g., components, numbers, and leadership), (3) the various branches in the army (e.g., infantry; chariotry; naval contingents), (4) the training and equipment for the elite (especially princes), (5) training and equipment for elite and officers in professional army, (6) the administration and knowledge required in the army (e.g., literacy; mathematics; problem solving; geography; etc.), (7) the basic training and equipment for infantry and conscripts, (8) overall life in the army and garrisons (much is drawn from Scribal school's propagandistic texts against various miseries of military life), (9) military preparedness for campaigns (e.g., armories; staging posts; etc.), (10) travel routes and navigation (e.g., Nile; Deserts; Canaan; Near East; main trade routes, secondary routes, and off the beaten track; guides; scouts; etc.), (11) transportation (e.g., donkeys; ox-drawn wagons; chariots; ships), (12) accommodation during campaigns (e.g., scattered campsite and billeting in towns in friendly territory; defended campsites in hostile territory), (13) hazards and benefits of military career (abroad) (e.g., battles; lions; bears; bandits; great rewards & quick promotions, etc.), (14) military intelligence and reconnaissance (scouts; etc.), (15) fortifications and siege warfare (e.g., components; various approaches), (16) other ways of fighting and defense (e.g., trickery; magic), (17) counting kills and rewards (e.g., bravery; resourcefulness; etc.), (18) preventing future rebellions (e.g., de-fortifying towns; impoverishing towns; oaths of allegiance; depopulation; destabilizing via population transfers; hostages; Egyptianization of Canaanite leaders' heirs), (19) executions and object lessons (e.g., bodies hung from chariots, battlements, etc.), (20) fate of POWs (e.g., placed in Egyptian army, temple estates, royal estates, private estates, private households, etc., according to pertinent skillsets). REVISIONS: This lecture has been reformatted, re-structured, and received new slides and new text (Feb. 2019: Adding selected bibliography, edits, etc.).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Near Eastern Archaeology, and 27 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Arms and Armor Studies, Ancient Near East, History of Imperialism, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Ancient Military History, Egypt and Canaan, Ancient Egypt, Imperialism, Arms and Armour, Forts and garrisons, Ancient Navigation, Conscription, History of Navigation, Ancient and medieval arms and armour, Ancient Egyptian Military, Late Bronze Age Weaponry and Metallurgy, Horse and chariot in Egypt and the Middle East, Egyptian fortresses, Ancient transportation, New Kingdom Egyptian Warfare, Archaeology of transportation, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance, Conscripts, Archaeology of Arms and Armour, Ancient Egyptian Navy, and Carts and Wagons
Anth.310 Ppt. lecture-7: The sole reign of Thutmose III, featuring the Battle of Megiddo, subsequent expeditions and campaigns to Canaan & elsewhere, building projects (e.g., Karnak Temple; Deir el-Bahari), and other aspects (Anth.310: Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt, by G. Mumford, March 2019)more
ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses initially on the Battle of Megiddo, looking at the circumstances behind the Canaanite "rebellion," Thutmose III's reaction and march northward across the Sinai and through southern Canaan, his decision over... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses initially on the Battle of Megiddo, looking at the circumstances behind the Canaanite "rebellion," Thutmose III's reaction and march northward across the Sinai and through southern Canaan, his decision over which approach to take to Megiddo, the arrival and preparations at the Qina Valley near Megiddo, his successful battle, albeit marred by a fateful lapse in discipline by his soldiers (who plunder the enemy camp), the seven month siege, building of an enclosure around Megiddo to retain the numerous Canaanite princes (of the coalition force), the eventual surrender of Megiddo (after supplies dwindled and infighting broke out within the town), and the aftermath of the siege (including booty, captives, oaths of allegiance), and the fate of the various Cananaite princes, their entourages, and inhabitants of Megiddo. The second part of the lecture continues with an outline of the various military campaigns, tours of inspection, expeditions, and receipt of tribute from Canaan between years 23 and 42, and highlights the events of a few of these campaigns from official and private documents. The lecture concludes with an overview of activity in Nubia, domestic affairs, construction projects, Thutmose III's legacy, and his mortuary complex and burial place. REVISED: Adding selected bibliography, some edits, new slides, etc. (Feb., 2019); adding table of contents and some new sources in bibliography (March 12, 2019)
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 26 moreNear Eastern Archaeology, Strategy (Military Science), Near Eastern Studies, Egyptian Archaeology, War Studies, Military Architecture, Battlefield Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Ancient Military History, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Egyptian History, Ancient Near Eastern History, Late Bronze Age, Megiddo, Kadesh, Thutmose III, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Thutmosis III, Karnak Temple, New Kingdom Egyptian Warfare, Jaffa History, Military Sites Archaeology, Qadesh, Kadesh, Tell Nebi Mend (LB Age, etc.), Akh Menu (Karnak Temple, Thutmose III), and Siege of Joppa (Thutmose III, General Thutmose, Canaan)
ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses on the reigns of Amenhotep II and Thutmose IV, during which Egypt consolidates its empire in and administration of Canaan. The first half focuses on Amenhotep II, covering some issues of his co-regency with... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses on the reigns of Amenhotep II and Thutmose IV, during which Egypt consolidates its empire in and administration of Canaan. The first half focuses on Amenhotep II, covering some issues of his co-regency with Thutmose III, some solutions, and the texts, translations, details, and discussion of Amenhotep II's campaigns in years 3, 7, and 9, including royal and private sources regarding these campaigns. The Tanaach Letters are noted in potential relation to Amenhotep II's campaigns into Canaan. Further coverage is given of the cessation of war with Mitanni and beginning of peace late in Amenhotep II's reign. The overview of his reign concludes with a look at domestic affairs, including some building projects (e.g., Karnak Temple), his legacy (especially in contrast to Thutmose III), and his royal burial complex (mortuary temple and tomb). The lecture concludes with an examination of Thutmose IV's reign: His parentage, an unexpected succession to the throne, his Dream Stela at Giza (Great Sphinx: Hormachis), legitimizing or explaining his succession, extra piety and patronage applied to the Memphite cults (including Harmachis: Great Sphinx), increased peaceful relations and marriage alliance with Mitanni, some repression of rebellions within Egypt's Canaanite empire, consolidation of Egyptian administration and control of vassal states in Syria-Palestine (i.e., 3 provinces: Canaan; Upe; Amurru), a campaign to Nubia to quell a rebellion, and relations with South Sinai (Serabit el-Khadim) and Punt. The lecture provides some coverage of his domestic works, such as the Memphite region, Karnak Temple, and his mortuary complex. A later lecture on New Kingdom royal tombs concentrates on Thutmose IV's tomb and surviving furnishings. REVISED: Some formatting and new slides, particularly a selected bibliography/sources (2019). UPDATED: Adding additional sources in the bibliography (March 6, 2019).
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 23 moreEgyptian Art and Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Dreams, Egypt and Canaan, Ancient Egyptian History, Imperialism, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Predynastic Egypt; Egyptian religion, Amenhotep III, Mitanni, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Legitimization, Karnak Temple, Mitanni- Egypt, New Kingdom Egyptian Warfare, Battles In the Ancient World, Thutmose Iv, amenophis II, Marriage Alliance, Amenhotep II, Thutmosis Iv, Thutmose IV (New Kingdom, Egypt), Tanaach Letters (Late Bronze Age, Egyptian relations), and Dream Stela (Thutmose IV, Giza, Great Sphinx, Egypt)
Anth.310 Ppt. lecture-9: Egyptian relations with Canaanite vassals (Amarna Letters), neighbouring kingdoms (Aegean; Anatolia [Hatti]; Cyprus [Alaysha]; Mitanni; Assyria; Babylonia), E. Mediterranean (Ulu Burun ship) & Red Sea (e.g., Punt) (Anth.310: Imperial-Post-Imperial Egypt, by G. Mumford, 2019)more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides an overview of Egypt's New Kingdom relations with the East Mediterranean and Near Eastern polities and peoples, beginning with the Amarna Letters (reigns of late Amenhotep III, Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten and... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides an overview of Egypt's New Kingdom relations with the East Mediterranean and Near Eastern polities and peoples, beginning with the Amarna Letters (reigns of late Amenhotep III, Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten and years 1-2 of Tutankhamun): It looks at the range of official correspondence between Egypt and its vassal states, and neighbouring kingdoms (Arzawa; Hatti; Mitanni; Alaysia/Cyprus; Assyria; Babylonia), including the language used, format of the letters regarding the ranks and types of recipients, the diverse contents, and other related issues. The coverage continues with a look at the materials and products being sent and received by Egypt and these regions, from both archaeological and textual-pictorial evidence, the various means and routes of transportation (e.g., Ulu Burin shipwreck), the varying levels of interaction (e.g., private, temple, and state level), the types of interaction and exchange, and different types of materials, products and peoples being sent/received. The lecture concludes with an overview of the aromatics' trade with Punt (via Nubia and the Red Sea), plus Arabia. REVISED: Some formatting and text changes (Feb. 8, 2019: Added selected bibliography; minor edits ...).
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Near Eastern Archaeology, and 33 moreInternational Relations, Near Eastern Studies, International Trade, Levantine Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Aegean Egyptian Interrelatlations, Amarna Letters, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, History of Diplomacy, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Ancient Anatolia, Ancient Shipwrecks, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Hatshepsut, Akhenaten, Hatti/Egypt diplomacy, Amenhotep III, Mitanni- Egypt, Barter - Non Monetary Transacttions, Barter Exchange, Punt, Ancient Incense Trade, Red Sea Trade, Political Alliances, Ulu Burun, Merchants in Amarna Letters, Amenhotep IV, Incense Routes, and Marriage Alliance
Anth.310 Ppt. lecture-10: New Kingdom scribes, literature (e.g., hymns, prayers, songs, instructions, love poems, & tales), daily life, codes of conduct (e.g., Maat; laws), crimes, law enforcement, law courts (knbt), and punishment (Anth.310: Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt, by G. Mumford, 2019)more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers several topics, including (1) scribal training, literature and literary genres (with selected examples), (2) codes of conduct, and (3) diverse laws, crimes, law enforcement, courts, and punishment. It focuses... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers several topics, including (1) scribal training, literature and literary genres (with selected examples), (2) codes of conduct, and (3) diverse laws, crimes, law enforcement, courts, and punishment. It focuses particularly on the New Kingdom, but incorporates earlier and later examples. REVISED: February 2019 with a selected bibliography at the end.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Literature, Egyptian Archaeology, and 17 moreSocial Mobility, Crime and punishment (Archaeology), Law Enforcement, Police History, Ancient Egyptian Literature, History of western law, history of judiciary and judicial law, Code of Conduct, Ancient Egyptian Law, History of Crime and Punishment, Personal Piety, Scribal training, ancient literacy, THE TREATMENT OF CRIMINALS IN ANCIENT EGYPT THROUGH THE NEW KINGDOM, Ethical/moral codes and their transmission, Love's Songs in Ancient Egypt, Oracles, Codes of Conduct and Social Standards, and Divine Courtroom
Anth.310 Ppt. lecture-11: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Part-1: myths (Creation; destruction), primordial mound, cult temple design, components, symbolism & rites, festivals (e.g., Opet; Beautiful Feast of the Valley) & pantheon (Anth.310: Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt, by G. Mumford, revised 2019)more
ABSTRACT: In part-1, this lecture covers briefly (a) selected myths: the Heliopolitan creation myth; Death of Osiris; Contendings of Horus & Seth; Memphite Creation Myth; Thebes as a place of creation; various views regarding the creation... more
ABSTRACT: In part-1, this lecture covers briefly (a) selected myths: the Heliopolitan creation myth; Death of Osiris; Contendings of Horus & Seth; Memphite Creation Myth; Thebes as a place of creation; various views regarding the creation of humanity; the destruction of Mankind; the end of the universe; (b) New Kingdom cult temples and their various components, symbolism, function and significance; and (c) Ancient Egyptian deities, their forms, and other aspects. Part-2 continues with other aspects of Ancient Egyptian religion, particularly from the New Kingdom through Late Period ... UPDATED: 13 Feb., 2019 --adding new formatting and a selected bibliography/sources on this subject area.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Egyptology, Anthropology, History of Religion, and 12 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Ancient Religion, Ancient myth and religion, God, Gods, Goddesses, Creation myths, Egyptian Mythology, Egyptian pantheon, Anthropology of Religion, Egyptian Temples, Creation myth, Egyptian Creation Myths, and Destruction Myths
Research Interests:
Anth.310 Ppt. lecture-13: (a) Private elite tombs (Theban rock-cut chapels; burial chambers), mortuary beliefs (Book of the Dead), furnishings; (b) Royal memorial temples & tombs (e.g.Thutmose IV), mortuary beliefs (Amduat), furnishings (Anth.310: Imperial/post-Imperial Egypt, Mumford, revised 2019)more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers (1) private tomb chapels & burial chambers (primarily Theban), including tomb design (T-shape); rock-cut features; genres of decoration; (2). private funerary furnishings: personal to funeral-specific, from... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers (1) private tomb chapels & burial chambers (primarily Theban), including tomb design (T-shape); rock-cut features; genres of decoration; (2). private funerary furnishings: personal to funeral-specific, from T. Smith’s study on intact & virtually intact Dyns.17-18 tombs, including ancient looting; coffins; face masks; embalming; shabtis; ka-statues; papyri; fertility symbols; funerary jewelry; game boxes; bouquets; furniture; baskets; toiletries; non-funerary jewelry; professional equipment; clothing; containers (stone; metal; pottery); provisions; etc.; and a New Kingdom inspection of Deir el-Medineh tomb, listing its contents; (3). a summary of the Book of the Dead, including various afterlife destinations & concepts; several types of clients, the Judgement of the Dead (Spell 30B) on scarabs and within papyrus, the negative confession (i.e., Declaration of innocence), and a selection of 189 spells for preventing certain things in afterlife; (4). royal mortuary temples & tombs, featuring Thutmose IV’s mortuary (memorial) temple, a summary of New Kingdom royal tomb types, and featuring Thutmose IV’s tomb design, Thutmose IV’s royal tomb furnishings (i.e., extensive fragments, etc.), and a summary of typical features in royal tomb furnishings; (5). royal Mortuary texts, plus featuring a summary of the Amduat, and (6). selected sources for private and royal tombs, furnishing, and texts. UPDATED: Table of contents, some editing of the text, and adding selected sources (March 2019).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, Egyptian Art and Archaeology, and 15 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Mortuary archaeology, Book of the Dead, Ancient Egypt, Mortuary Practices, Amduat, Ancient Egyptian tombs, Tomb decoration (Egyptian), Theban monumental architecture, Valley of the Kings, Royal tombs - Egypt, Ancient Egyptian non-royal tombs, Royal Burials, Thebes (Egypt), and New Kingdom Theban Tombs
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides an initial summary of the general conditions during Amenhotep III’s reign, it proceeds with the background/setting for Amenhotep III’s reign, Amenhotep III's ascension to the throne, a summary of domestic... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides an initial summary of the general conditions during Amenhotep III’s reign, it proceeds with the background/setting for Amenhotep III’s reign, Amenhotep III's ascension to the throne, a summary of domestic affairs in years 1-11, including building projects, (selected examples), the middle years of Amenhotep III’s reign, Amenhotep III’s Sed-festivals in years 30/31, 33/34 and 36/37, other aspects of Amenhotep III’s reign (e.g., Amurru), the death of Amenhotep III, the royal burial place of Amenhotep III, the (earlier) debated co-regency between Amenhotep III & Amenhotep IV (see next lecture on Akhenaten), some extra items from Amenhotep III’s reign (covered in the diplomacy lecture), and selected sources dealing with Amenhotep III’s reign. REVISED: Feb. 26, 2019 with new formatting, edits, and added sources. UPDATED: Adding more sources to the selected bibliography (March 6, 2019).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 12 moreAnthropology, Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Ancient Egypt, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Egyptian Palace, Palace, Diplomatic marriage, Amenhotep III, Scarabs, Malkata, and Amenophis Iii
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers (1) a general background to Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten), (2) aspects of the co-regency issues, (3) a sequence of events during his early reign (as Amenhotep IV), including year one, years 1-4 constructing his... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers (1) a general background to Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten), (2) aspects of the co-regency issues, (3) a sequence of events during his early reign (as Amenhotep IV), including year one, years 1-4 constructing his initial Theban tomb, year two radical changes in art & theology …, explaining Akhenaten’s strange physique (in statuary & depictions), emulation of royal portraiture and realism in art, portrayal of intimacy in royal art, the royal family (and the Aten …), forms of the sun-disk, the years 2-4 building program in Thebes, etc., his early reign 9and Queen Nefertiti and her role as queen), the rise of the Aten cult, and other Aten temples in Egypt and Nubia, (4) the year five royal name change (Amenhotep IV to Akhenaten), including a new "solar triad," selecting a new residence and capital, potential reasons behind shifting royal residence/capital & affiliated changes, and years 5-8/9: Building and moving into the new capital city, (5). Years 9-12: New and increasingly radical measures, and (6). Selected SOURCES on Akhenaten’s reign. The coverage on Akhenaten continues in two more lectures: REVISED: Feb. 28, 2019. UPDATED: Adding more sources to the selected bibliography (March 6, 2019).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 15 moreAnthropology, Egyptian Art and Archaeology, History of Religion, Egyptian Archaeology, Ancient Religion, Amarna Studies, Ancient Egyptian History, Ancient Egypt, Monotheism, Akhenaten, Tell El-Amarna, The Aten, Solar Deity, Amenhotep IV, and Akhetaten
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers planning the new royal city of Akhetaten (“Horizon of the Aten”), quarrying talatat blocks for the new Aten temples, the North Riverside Palace, the North Palace, the North Suburb, the City “Centre”: Palaces,... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers planning the new royal city of Akhetaten (“Horizon of the Aten”), quarrying talatat blocks for the new Aten temples, the North Riverside Palace, the North Palace, the North Suburb, the City “Centre”: Palaces, temples, and administration, the Main City: Immediately south of the city “centre,” the South Suburb, the Meru Aten: “Pleasure Garden,” and continues coverage of Tell el-Amarna and other aspects of Akhenaten's reign in the next lecture. The lecture ends with selected sources on the city of Akhetaten (Amarna) andits hinterland. REVISED: New slides, text, formatting, bibliography, etc., Feb. 28, 2019.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, and 12 moreArchitecture, Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Ancient Religion, Amarna Studies, Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Akhenaten, Akhenaten era, Tell El-Amarna, The Aten, Solar Deity, and Amenhotep IV
ABSTRACT: This lecture continues from the previous lecture, and covers (1) the Amarna Workmen’s Village, (2) the exterior structures & features associated with the workmen’s village, (3) the chapels and tombs affiliated with the workmen’s... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture continues from the previous lecture, and covers (1) the Amarna Workmen’s Village, (2) the exterior structures & features associated with the workmen’s village, (3) the chapels and tombs affiliated with the workmen’s village, (4) the Stone Village, (5) the Desert Paths / Roads, (6). Kom el-Nana: Window of Appearance & Aten installation, (7) the Desert Altars, (8) the Year 12 reception of foreign “tribute” (gifts), (9) the Valley of the Royal Tombs at Amarna, (10) the South Tombs of Nobles at Amarna, (11) the North Tombs of Nobles at Amarna, (12) the differences and continuity in private mortuary religion, (13) the cemeteries for commoners, (14) the Great Hymn to the Aten, (15) bBeyond Amarna, namely the impact of the “Amarna revolution” elsewhere (including the Nubian war [year 12?] and troubles in Canaan and Near East), (16) Years 12-15 and the end of the Amarna “revolution,” (17) a summary of Akhenaten’s reign, and (18) selected sources. REVISED: Feb. 28, 2019, many new slides, text, formatting, and selected bibliography.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, and 13 moreEgyptian Art and Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Architectural History, Amarna Studies, Ancient Egypt, Monotheism, Akhenaten, Akhenaten era, Royal tombs - Egypt, Tell El-Amarna, Henotheism, The Aten, and Solar Deity
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the reigns of Smenkhkare, Tutankhaten / Tutankhamun, the widow Ankhesenamun (regarding communications with Hatti about arranging a marriage to a Hittite prince), Ay and Horemheb. It looks at a variety of... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the reigns of Smenkhkare, Tutankhaten / Tutankhamun, the widow Ankhesenamun (regarding communications with Hatti about arranging a marriage to a Hittite prince), Ay and Horemheb. It looks at a variety of issues regarding the identification of the body in KV 55, the parentage of Tutankhamun, the restoration of the Amun cult (and other traditional cults), and a shift back to a more traditional life in Egypt after the abandonment of Tell el-Amarna and the Aten cult focus during Akhenaten's reign. UPDATE: Adding selected bibliographic sources for this period. UPDATE: Adding table of contents, more sources in bibliography, etc.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 15 moreAnthropology, Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Ancient DNA (Archaeology), Amarna Studies, Ancient Diplomacy, Tutankhamun, Egyptian-Hittite relations, Horemheb, Royal Burials, Smenkhkare, King Ay, CT scanning of Egyptian Mummies, Ankhesenamon, and Ramesside Tombs
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the domestic affairs, international relations, special events or achievements/constructions, and burials during the reigns of (1). Ramesses I; (2). Sety I; (3). Ramesses II (with a lengthy treatment on the... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the domestic affairs, international relations, special events or achievements/constructions, and burials during the reigns of (1). Ramesses I; (2). Sety I; (3). Ramesses II (with a lengthy treatment on the Battle of Kadesh); (4). Merenptah (including Israel Stela); (5). Amenmesse; (6). Sety II; (7). Siptah (with queen regent: Tawosret); and (8). Queen Tawosret. It concludes with a section on both overall treatments on Dynasty 19 (and beyond) and individual selected sources for each of the Dynasty 19 rulers, including some recent documentaries. UPDATED: Major sections on sources, plus some tombs, edits, and re-formatting.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Strategy (Military Science), Egyptian Art and Archaeology, and 15 moreEgyptian Archaeology, War Studies, Battlefield Archaeology, Ramesses II, 19th Dynasty, Kadesh, Egyptian-Hittite relations, Seti I, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Merneptah, Battle of Qadesh, Siptah, Tausret, Sety II, and Amenmesse
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the reign of Sethnakht/Setnakht briefly, and focuses mainly on Ramesses III, including the Libyan invasions, the Sea Peoples, other activities (e.g., raid against Shasu; building projects), a workmen's... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the reign of Sethnakht/Setnakht briefly, and focuses mainly on Ramesses III, including the Libyan invasions, the Sea Peoples, other activities (e.g., raid against Shasu; building projects), a workmen's strike, the harem conspiracy, the Medinet Habu complex (in detail) and Ramesses III's tomb (briefly). REVISED: March 2019, including selected sources, documentaries, new slides, and editing and re-formatting some earlier text.
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, and 18 moreEgyptian Art and Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Naval Warfare, Libyan history and archaeology, the Sea Peoples, XIX - XX Dynasty in Egypt, the Hittites, the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Medittaranean, Amun-Re, Setnakht, Ramesses III, Sea Peoples, Ugarit, Medinet Habu, Tayma, Labor Strikes, Harem Conspiracy, The Sea Peoples, Harems, Ptah (egyptian god), and window of appearance (Ancient Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers a selection of background details, international relations (where pertinent), selected domestic works and events, and the royal burials, tombs, and/or fragmentary burial furnishings for each of the rulers... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers a selection of background details, international relations (where pertinent), selected domestic works and events, and the royal burials, tombs, and/or fragmentary burial furnishings for each of the rulers succeeding Ramesses III, namely Ramesses IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X and XI. Some events are dealt with in alittle more detail, such as a civil war(?) and corruption in the temple at Elephantine during Ramesses V's reign, the rising power of the High Priest of Amun-Re during the reigns of Ramesses IX-XI, and the civil war and other complexities during Ramesses XI's reign, including the division of the kingdom into a northern power centre (Tanis) and southern theocracy (Thebes) --under the nominal rule of Ramesses XI during the "Repeating of Births" ('Renaissance') at the end of his reign. The lecture concludes with a treatment of the Journey/Report of Wenamon. At the end of this lecture, a new section has been added (March 26, 2019) with selected sources on late Dynasty 20 rulers (Ramesses IV-XI) and some selected sources with translations and commentaries on Wenamon. APRIL 5 (2019): Adding in a key source, Naunakhte and women at Deir el-Medineh during (later) Ramesside period --especially Ramesses III-V.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 15 moreNubian-Egyptian Relations, 20th Dynasty, Ramesside Period, Amun-Re, Byblos, Ramesses VI, Ramesses IX, Ramesses IV, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Tjeker/Teukroi, Tel Dor, Wenamon, Ramesses X, High Priest of Amun, and Smendes I
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ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the Third Intermediate Period (essentially Dyns.21-24), beginning with a brief summary overview on the main trends of this period, and then proceeding with the background, domestic works, international... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the Third Intermediate Period (essentially Dyns.21-24), beginning with a brief summary overview on the main trends of this period, and then proceeding with the background, domestic works, international relations (where pertinent), and tombs and burials of the rulers of Dynasty 21 (ca. 1069-945 BCE),
Smendes, Amenemnisu, Psusennes I, Amenemope, Osorkon the Elder, Siamun, and Psusennes II. The same approach continues for the rulers of Dynasty 22 (ca. 945 – 715 BCE,), namely Sheshonq I, Osorkon I, Sheshonq II, Takelot I, Osorkon II, Takelot II, Sheshonq III, Pimay, Sheshonq V, and Osorkon IV. During later rulers' reigns, reference is made to the emerging Dynasty 23 (Leontopolis) and later Dynasty 24, plus a detailed account of the campaign of Piye ("Piankhy"). This lecture concludes with coverage of other aspects of Dynasties 21-24, including cult temples, royal burials, and private burials during the Third Intermediate Period (Dyns.21-24). A new section has been added at the end of this lecture (March 26, 2019), furnishing selected sources on Third Intermediate Period rulers, and other aspects of this period.
Smendes, Amenemnisu, Psusennes I, Amenemope, Osorkon the Elder, Siamun, and Psusennes II. The same approach continues for the rulers of Dynasty 22 (ca. 945 – 715 BCE,), namely Sheshonq I, Osorkon I, Sheshonq II, Takelot I, Osorkon II, Takelot II, Sheshonq III, Pimay, Sheshonq V, and Osorkon IV. During later rulers' reigns, reference is made to the emerging Dynasty 23 (Leontopolis) and later Dynasty 24, plus a detailed account of the campaign of Piye ("Piankhy"). This lecture concludes with coverage of other aspects of Dynasties 21-24, including cult temples, royal burials, and private burials during the Third Intermediate Period (Dyns.21-24). A new section has been added at the end of this lecture (March 26, 2019), furnishing selected sources on Third Intermediate Period rulers, and other aspects of this period.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, and 15 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Third Intermediate Period, The Libyan Period, Assyrian Empire, Ancient Israel, Tefnakht, Piankhy, King Solomon, Shishak, Leontopolis, Siamun, Shishak Sheshonk Shoshenk Shoshenq, Psusennes I, Bubastis, and Royal Tombs of Tanis
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the historical background to the Kushite (Napatan) and Saite periods of Ancient Egypt's late Third Intermediate Period through early "Late Period" (Dyns.25-26), starting with a reign by reign overview of the... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the historical background to the Kushite (Napatan) and Saite periods of Ancient Egypt's late Third Intermediate Period through early "Late Period" (Dyns.25-26), starting with a reign by reign overview of the early Kushite rulers (e.g., Piye), and then (a). Shabako, (b). Shabitqu, (c). Taharqa, and (d). Tanwetamani; the lecture proceeds next by covering the Saite period rulers, (a). Psamtik I, (b). Necho II, (c). Psamtik II, (d). Apries, (e). Amasis (Ahmose II), and (f). Psamtik III. The end of this lecture contains new sections with selected sources on Dynasties 25-26 (Kushite/Napatan & Saite periods), including sources for the next lecture on other aspects of this period, and is subdivided into (1) selected translations of texts from Kushite – Saite periods, (2) selected studies spanning both Kushite-Saite periods (and beyond), (3) selected studies mainly on the Kushite period (and before), (4) selected studies mainly on the Saite period (and after), and (5) selected sources on the Assyrians & Neo-Babylonians –regarding Egypt.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, and 15 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Cross-Cultural Studies, Third Intermediate Period, Assyrian Empire, Neo-Babylonian period, Fortifications, Piankhy, Shabaka, Shebitku, Taharqa, Necho I, Tanis, Necho II, Kushite and Saite Periods, and Psamtik II
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers other aspects of the Kushite-Saite periods (Dynasties 25-26), including (a). Foreign relations, (b). fortifications, (c). housing, (d). palaces, (e). state / cult temples, (f). archaism in art, (g).... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers other aspects of the Kushite-Saite periods (Dynasties 25-26), including (a). Foreign relations, (b). fortifications, (c). housing, (d). palaces, (e). state / cult temples, (f). archaism in art, (g). iconography (reliefs & sculpture), (h). the God’s Wife of Amun (in Dyns.25-26 and other periods), (i). royal Tombs, (j). elite tombs, (k). “Lesser” tombs, (m). stelae, (n). rectilinear coffins and sarcophagi, (o). mummification (embalming, etc.), and (p). papyri. The preceding lecture (no. 26), dealing with an historical coverage of Dynasties 25-26, contains the selected sources for other aspects of this period. UPDATE: April 8, 2019. Adding in various links to the recent "live" opening of a sarcophagus and a separate coffin in Dynasty 26 rock-cut tombs at Al-Gharifa in Middle Egypt (i.e., video footage of Late Period tombs, coffins, mummies, and furnishings, including some discussion).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, and 15 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Cross-Cultural Studies, Third Intermediate Period, Fortifications, Coffins/Sarcophagi (Egyptology), Mummification, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Palaces, Ancient Egyptian non-royal tombs, Egyptian Temples, Kushite and Saite Periods, Napatan Period, Archaism in Ancient Egyptian Art, God’s Wife of Amun, and al-Gharifa tombs (Late Period, Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the First Persian occupation of Egypt, beginning with a brief overview of Cyrus the Great (who founded the Persian Empire), and focusing on the Dynasty 27 Persian rulers of Egypt, Cambyses, Darius I, Xerxes,... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the First Persian occupation of Egypt, beginning with a brief overview of Cyrus the Great (who founded the Persian Empire), and focusing on the Dynasty 27 Persian rulers of Egypt, Cambyses, Darius I, Xerxes, Artaxerxes I, Darius II, and Artaxerxes II. The lecture ends with a selection of sources dealing with Persian period Egypt. UPDATED: May 10, 2019.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Cross-Cultural Studies, and 15 moreImperialism, Cambyses, Darius I, Cyrus the Great, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Xerxes, 27th Dynasty, Artaxerxes I, Udjahorresnet, Artaxerxes II, Hibis Temple (Kharga), Apis bull, Darius II, red sea canal, and Amyrtaeus (II) (Dyn.28, Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the period succeeding the First Persian occupation of Egypt, and including the Second Persian Occupation, namely Dynasties 28-31: (1). Independent Late Period Egypt, Dyns.28-30: ca. 404–343 BC; (2). Dynasty... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture covers the period succeeding the First Persian occupation of Egypt, and including the Second Persian Occupation, namely Dynasties 28-31: (1). Independent Late Period Egypt, Dyns.28-30: ca. 404–343 BC; (2). Dynasty 28: 404-399 BC, King Amyrtaeus (II); (3). Dynasty 29: 399-380 BC: Kings Nepherites I; x (Muthis?); Hakor (Achoris); Nepherites II; (4). Dynasty 30: 380-343 BC; Kings Nectanebo I; Teos (Tachos); Nectanebo II; (5). The Second Persian Occupation: “Dynasty 31”: 343-342 BC; Kings Artaxerxes III (Ochus); Arses; Darius III (Codoman); and concluding with (6). The advent of the Macedonian Dynasty: Alexander the Great. The lecture then proceeds with a brief examination of other Aspects of Late Period Egypt (especially Dyns.27-31), including (a). An Overview of various broad aspects and trends; (b). Sculpture; (c). private burials and mummification; animal cults and animal mummification; and (e). International Relations, At the end of the lecture, I provide some selected sources on Late Period Egypt, primarily Dyns.27-31, and some selected sources on Alexander the Great.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 14 moreCross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), 30th Dynasty, Nectanebo II, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Persian Empire, Artaxerxes III, Egyptian animal cults, Nectanebo I, Nepherites I (Dyn.29: Egypt), Teos (Tachos), Dyn.30 (Egypt), Artaxerxes III (Codoman), Hakoris, Achoris (Dyn.29, Egypt), Khababash (Dyn.30+, Egypt), and Amyrtaeus (II) (Dyn.28, Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This lecture on Tell Tebilla accompanies a Late Period lecture in Anth.310 (Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt), covering the University of Toronto and other findings from Tell Tebilla (Northeast Delta, Egypt). The lecture has... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture on Tell Tebilla accompanies a Late Period lecture in Anth.310 (Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt), covering the University of Toronto and other findings from Tell Tebilla (Northeast Delta, Egypt). The lecture has been updated (April 15, 2019), mainly adding in some new text, revising some existing text, and re-formatting a little. An end section has been added featuring the publications and reports on Tell Tebilla, including the links to the sections on Academia in which each set of articles and reports occur.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, Egyptian Archaeology, and 14 moreThird Intermediate Period, Coffins/Sarcophagi (Egyptology), East Greek Pottery, Ancient Egyptian Statuary, Egyptian Sarcophagi, Late Period in ancient Egypt, Phoenician pottery, Nile Delta archaeology, Anchors, Egyptian Temples, Egyptian Temple Architecture, Eastern Mediterranean Trade and Interrelations, Tell Tebilla, and Anthropoid Clay Cofins
ABSTRACT: This documentary discusses briefly the foundation of the New Kingdom empire under its founder, King Ahmose (advent of Dynasty 18), and concentrates upon the ancient origins and design modifications, and the original construction... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary discusses briefly the foundation of the New Kingdom empire under its founder, King Ahmose (advent of Dynasty 18), and concentrates upon the ancient origins and design modifications, and the original construction and modern replication and testing of two types of Egyptian chariots. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, NOVA/Pbs: Building Pharaoh’s Chariot (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9walF5bBQo [53 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This is an informative video detailing the structure of Egyptian New Kingdom sea-going vessels, their construction, points of departure, voyages to Punt (essentially most recently placed in modern day Eritrea [ASIDE: i.e., more... more
ABSTRACT: This is an informative video detailing the structure of Egyptian New Kingdom sea-going vessels, their construction, points of departure, voyages to Punt (essentially most recently placed in modern day Eritrea [ASIDE: i.e., more recent archaeological clues; strontium analysis of New Kingdom baboons from the Valley of the Kings]), and sailing abilities. It focuses mainly on the reign of Hatshepsut, using the Punt voyage scenes from her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri and physical remains of ship pieces from the Old through New Kingdom anchorage at Wadi/Mersa Gawasis (beside the Red Sea).This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, NOVA/Pbs: Building Pharaoh’s Ship (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qjs-blgmd5E [50 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Following documentary Ancient Lives PART-1, which is often available via Youtube links, Anc. Lives 1 / 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnsNwwwHm2I (or via dvd available via Amazon.com or other venues). John Romer details the... more
ABSTRACT: Following documentary Ancient Lives PART-1, which is often available via Youtube links, Anc. Lives 1 / 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnsNwwwHm2I (or via dvd available via Amazon.com or other venues). John Romer details the daily lives of the New Kingdom tomb builders of pharaoh, concentrating upon diverse archaeological and textual-pictorial data from their home village of Deir el-Medina and its environs, including their work place (the Valley of the Kings; the Valley of the Queens [Ramesside period]), and associated parts of Thebes (e.g., the town of West Thebes; Medinet Habu; East Thebes; Karnak Temple). This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Athena: Ancient Lives, episode 1 (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnsNwwwHm2I [52 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Adding video/dvd time indicator for each question (Jan. 27, 2017).
Research Interests: Egyptology, Art History, Egyptian Archaeology, Village Studies, History of Daily Life, and 17 moreDocumentary Film, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Deir el-Medina, Daily Life in Ancient Times, Egyptology - temple & tomb reliefs, Deir el Medina, Thutmose III, Tomb Builders Deir El Medina, Tutankhamun, Tomb decoration (Egyptian), Documentary Archaeology, Deir el-Medina Studies, Royal tombs - Egypt, Ancient Egyptian non-royal tombs, Deir El-Medineh, Ancient Lost Cities / Villages and People, and The funerary mask of king Tutankhamun
ABSTRACT: Following documentary Ancient Lives PART-2, which is often available via Youtube links, Anc. Lives 2 / 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEjRDK2uOVk (or via dvd available via Amazon.com or other venues). John Romer details the... more
ABSTRACT: Following documentary Ancient Lives PART-2, which is often available via Youtube links, Anc. Lives 2 / 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEjRDK2uOVk (or via dvd available via Amazon.com or other venues). John Romer details the daily lives of the New Kingdom tomb builders of pharaoh, concentrating upon diverse archaeological and textual-pictorial data from their home village of Deir el-Medina and its environs, including their work place (the Valley of the Kings; the Valley of the Queens [Ramesside period]), and associated parts of Thebes (e.g., the town of West Thebes; Medinet Habu; East Thebes; Karnak Temple). This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Athena: Ancient Lives, episode 2 (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEjRDK2uOVk [52 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Adding video/dvd time indicator for each question (Jan. 27, 2017).
Research Interests: Egyptology, Art History, Egyptian Archaeology, Village Studies, History of Daily Life, and 26 moreDocumentary Film, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Deir el-Medina, Ancient Egypt, Daily Life in Ancient Times, Egyptology - temple & tomb reliefs, Ramesses III, Deir el Medina, Egyptian Palace, Heb-Sed, Opet Festival, Medinet Habu, Tomb Builders Deir El Medina, Documentary Archaeology, Deir el-Medina Studies, Ramesses IV, Ancient Egyptian Economy, Class Conflict, Egyptian mining, Labor Strikes, Deir El-Medineh, Ancient Egyptian Artists, Egyptian Temples, Ancient Lost Cities / Villages and People, Ancient Egyptian Gold, Wadi Hammamat, and Paneb (New Kingdom, Deir el-Medineh, Egypt)
ABSTRACT: Following documentary Ancient Lives PART-3, which is often available via Youtube links, Anc. Lives 3 / 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XX7nMXFW-xE (or via dvd available via Amazon.com or other venues).John Romer details the... more
ABSTRACT: Following documentary Ancient Lives PART-3, which is often available via Youtube links, Anc. Lives 3 / 4:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XX7nMXFW-xE (or via dvd available via Amazon.com or other venues).John Romer details the daily lives of the New Kingdom tomb builders of pharaoh, concentrating upon diverse archaeological and textual-pictorial data from their home village of Deir el-Medina and its environs, including their work place (the Valley of the Kings; the Valley of the Queens [Ramesside period]), and associated parts of Thebes (e.g., the town of West Thebes; Medinet Habu; East Thebes; Karnak Temple). This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Athena: Ancient Lives, episode 3 (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XX7nMXFW-xE [52 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Adding time markers for each question (2017).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XX7nMXFW-xE (or via dvd available via Amazon.com or other venues).John Romer details the daily lives of the New Kingdom tomb builders of pharaoh, concentrating upon diverse archaeological and textual-pictorial data from their home village of Deir el-Medina and its environs, including their work place (the Valley of the Kings; the Valley of the Queens [Ramesside period]), and associated parts of Thebes (e.g., the town of West Thebes; Medinet Habu; East Thebes; Karnak Temple). This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Athena: Ancient Lives, episode 3 (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XX7nMXFW-xE [52 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Adding time markers for each question (2017).
Research Interests: Ancient Egyptian Religion, Egyptology, Art History, History of Daily Life, Oracle, and 19 moreDeir el-Medina, Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Ancient Egypt, Deir el Medina, Tomb Builders Deir El Medina, Documentary Archaeology, Deir el-Medina Studies, Valley of the Kings, Karnak Temple, Deir El-Medineh, Tomb Robbery Papyri, Oracles, Ancient Lost Cities / Villages and People, Security for Tomb Robbery, Sacred Lakes, Amunnakhte (Deir el-Medineh, New Kingdom, Egypt), Birthing boxes (New Kingdom, Deir el-Medineh, Egypt), Book of Dreams (New Kingdom, Deir el-Medineh, Egypt), and Oracles (New Kingdom, Deir el-Medineh, Egypt)
ABSTRACT: Following documentary Ancient Lives PART-4, which is often available via Youtube links, Anc. Lives 4 / 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPBz5q0n8LE (or via dvd available via Amazon.com or other venues).John Romer details the... more
ABSTRACT: Following documentary Ancient Lives PART-4, which is often available via Youtube links, Anc. Lives 4 / 4:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPBz5q0n8LE (or via dvd available via Amazon.com or other venues).John Romer details the daily lives of the New Kingdom tomb builders of pharaoh, concentrating upon diverse archaeological and textual-pictorial data from their home village of Deir el-Medina and its environs, including their work place (the Valley of the Kings; the Valley of the Queens [Ramesside period]), and associated parts of Thebes (e.g., the town of West Thebes; Medinet Habu; East Thebes; Karnak Temple). This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Athena: Ancient Lives, episode 4 (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPBz5q0n8LE [52 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Adding time markers for each question (2017).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPBz5q0n8LE (or via dvd available via Amazon.com or other venues).John Romer details the daily lives of the New Kingdom tomb builders of pharaoh, concentrating upon diverse archaeological and textual-pictorial data from their home village of Deir el-Medina and its environs, including their work place (the Valley of the Kings; the Valley of the Queens [Ramesside period]), and associated parts of Thebes (e.g., the town of West Thebes; Medinet Habu; East Thebes; Karnak Temple). This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Athena: Ancient Lives, episode 4 (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPBz5q0n8LE [52 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Adding time markers for each question (2017).
Research Interests: Egyptology, Village Studies, Deir el-Medina, Howard Carter, Deir el Medina, and 16 moreMedinet Habu, Tomb Builders Deir El Medina, Documentary Archaeology, Deir el-Medina Studies, Reign of Herihor, Valley of the Kings, Deir El-Bahari, Deir El-Medineh, Butehamon, High Priest of Amun, Tomb Robbery Papyri, Thebes (Egypt), Ancient Lost Cities / Villages and People, Year of the Hyena (Dynasty 20, Thebes, Egypt), Deir el-Bahri cache 320 (Thebes, Egypt, late New Kingdom), and Scribe Djehutymose (late New Kingdom, Thebes, Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This video re-enactment draws upon preserved late Dynasty 20 papyri and other data regarding robberies of royal tombs in the West Bank of Thebes and the Valley of the Kings, including official accusations of corruption within... more
ABSTRACT: This video re-enactment draws upon preserved late Dynasty 20 papyri and other data regarding robberies of royal tombs in the West Bank of Thebes and the Valley of the Kings, including official accusations of corruption within all levels of society from the pharaoh’s tomb builders (at Deir el-Medina), to other towns persons, the police, officials, priests, and even the mayor of West Thebes. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, TLC: Ancient Egyptians, episode 2: Tomb Robbers (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAqXqsXcTds [50 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Adding time marker for each question, plus value for reflection question (March 2017).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, History of Daily Life, HISTORY OF CRIME AND LAW, and 16 moreAncient Egyptian History, Police History, Medjay, Ramesside Period, Deir el-Medina, History of Law, Ancient Egypt, Thebes, Deir el Medina, History of Crime and Punishment, Documentary Archaeology, Antiquities Looting, Ramesses IX, Deir El-Medineh, Tomb Robbery Papyri, and Thebes (Egypt)
ABSTRACT: This video covers the foundation through fall of Egypt’s New Kingdom empire, including key rulers who fought to re-unite Egypt and expel the Hyksos from northern Egypt (a. “Warrior Pharaohs”), the reign of Queen Hatshepsut (b.... more
ABSTRACT: This video covers the foundation through fall of Egypt’s New Kingdom empire, including key rulers who fought to re-unite Egypt and expel the Hyksos from northern Egypt (a. “Warrior Pharaohs”), the reign of Queen Hatshepsut (b. Hatshepsut), Thutmose III’s pivotal role in re-defining Egypt’s approach to its northern empire (c. Thutmose III), the peak of the empire under its ‘Golden pharaoh” Amenhotep III (d. Amenhotep III), the succeeding period of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) during which Egypt experiences religious, political, economic, and other turmoil through his introduction of the Aten cult and other measures (e. Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten), the aftermath of this period under Tutankhamun (f. Tutankhamun), the restoration of Egypt and its empire under Ramesses II (g. Ramesses the Great), and the end of Egypt’s empire (h. from Ramesses III to late Dynasty 20). This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, Pbs: Egypt's Golden Empire (shown in-class; also available online via part-1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4fvJ9qc18Z0&index=1&list=PLpjdiENFiU2-BweH-K0xS17W8N67mUwS_ (The Warrior Pharaohs), part-2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WEWcDz1OnQ0&index=2&list=PLpjdiENFiU2-BweH-K0xS17W8N67mUwS_ (Pharaohs of the Sun), and part-3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVdPSKfQ1H0&list=PLpjdiENFiU2-BweH-K0xS17W8N67mUwS_&index=3 (The Last Great Pharaoh) [165 minutes total]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This video examines the much less well-known tomb and furnishings of King Psusennes I, found in the temple of Amun-Re at Tanis (San el-Hagar), which formed the northern capital of Egypt at the beginning of the Third Intermediate... more
ABSTRACT: This video examines the much less well-known tomb and furnishings of King Psusennes I, found in the temple of Amun-Re at Tanis (San el-Hagar), which formed the northern capital of Egypt at the beginning of the Third Intermediate Period; Tanis soon became one of many centres and their polities in a fractured Egypt during this time in post-Imperial Egypt. This capital was decorated with usurped monuments of Ramesses II. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, PBS Secrets of the Dead: Silver Pharaoh (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyZ6e3Id324 [53 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: March 30, 2017/2019 --adding in sequential time markers for each question.
Research Interests: Egyptology, Metallurgy, Funerary Archaeology, Ramesses II, History of Egyptology, and 22 moreThird Intermediate Period, Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Ancient Egyptian History, Mortuary archaeology, Ramesside Period, Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Ancient Egypt, Silversmithing, Sarcophagus, Coffins of the Third Intermediate Period, Lapis lazuli, Gold Archaeology, Tanis, Royal tombs - Egypt, Shishak Sheshonk Shoshenk Shoshenq, Per Ramesses, Psusennes I, Archaeological Silver, Merenptah, Pierre Montet, Royal Tombs of Tanis, and Pinudjem I
ABSTRACT: This video contains a re-enactment of various events recorded at Teudjoi (el-Hibeh) in Middle Egypt in the mid-7th century BCE (temp. Dynasties 22-23), including the initial suppression of corrupt priests of Amun in this town by... more
ABSTRACT: This video contains a re-enactment of various events recorded at Teudjoi (el-Hibeh) in Middle Egypt in the mid-7th century BCE (temp. Dynasties 22-23), including the initial suppression of corrupt priests of Amun in this town by Petiese, at the beginning of the reign of King Psammetichus I (Dynasty 26), the later revenge of these priests upon Petiese’s family during his later absence, and the partial resolution of this situation. In essence, it emphasizes the internal strife at the beginning of the establishment of the 26th Dynasty (Saite period), and reveals another aspect of life in the provinces, far from the political and religious capitals. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, TLC: Ancient Egyptians: Priests of Amun / Murder in the Temple(shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndlUzXzbBwY [50 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. UPDATE: Adding in a section with links to the translations (including in English), plus discussions, of the petition of Petiese / Pediese.
Research Interests: Egyptology, Conflict, Documentary Film, Late Period, Ancient Egyptian History, and 15 moreSaite Period, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Law, Litigation, Ancient Egyptian Law, Amun-Re, History of corruption, Darius I, Petitions, Litigation, Ancient, Psammetichus I, El Hibeh, History of crimes, The history of inheritance, and petition of Pediese, Petiese (Dyns.26-27)
Anth.310.Documentary response sheet-10: TLC: Ancient Egyptians, Cult of the Apis Bull: Following Ptolemaios' dossier about the complex plight of twin girls serving at the Serapieion as Isis+Nephthys in the Apis Bull cult in 164 BC (Imperial & Post-Imperial Egypt, 1550-332 BC; by G. Mumford 2017)more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response question sheet follows in sequence an excellent, educational reenactment and narration (by WB/TLC: Ancient Egyptians, episode 4: The Cult of the Apis Bull) of an account (preserved in the dossier of... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response question sheet follows in sequence an excellent, educational reenactment and narration (by WB/TLC: Ancient Egyptians, episode 4: The Cult of the Apis Bull) of an account (preserved in the dossier of Ptolemaios, a dream interpreter in the Serapieion at Saqqara) regarding two twin girls (Taous & Thaues), whose mother (Nephoris) plotted to murder their father, and threw the twins out of the house to fend for themselves. In the account the twin girls manage to secure the parts/roles of Isis and Nephthys during a 70-day embalming and mourning period for the Apis Bull (ca. April-June 164 BC). However, the twins' mother (Nephoris) and step-brother (Pachrates) manage to acquire the twins' oil money, while the dream interpreter, Ptolaemaios, who had taken in the twins and aided them, attempted to help them in this matter as well and appealed their case multiple times, but without definite (known) results. For more details, see pp. 195-246 in Dorothy J. Thompson, 2012. Memphis Under the Ptolemies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Research Interests: Religion, Ancient Egyptian Religion, History of Religion, Funerary Archaeology, Ptolemaic Egyptian History, and 20 moreFunerary Belief (Egyptology), Ptolemaic Period, Ptolemaic Egypt, Ancient Egypt, Funerary Practices, Embalming, Public mourning and burial, Isis, Memphis, Dream Interpretation, Documentary Archaeology, Historical Documentary, Serapeum, Ancient Egyptian funerary ritual and funerary processions with an emphasis on the gestures of mourning made during these processes., Ritual mourning, Ancient Egyptian Mourning Customs, Nephthys, Apis bull, Ancient Memphis, and Saqqara necropolis
ABSTRACT: Study guide to Test 1 in Anth.310 (Imperial & Post-Imperial Egypt), focusing upon 24 topic areas from the late Second Intermediate Period to Hatshepsut (and Thutmose III), summarizing the ppt. lectures on these topics:... more
ABSTRACT: Study guide to Test 1 in Anth.310 (Imperial & Post-Imperial Egypt), focusing upon 24 topic areas from the late Second Intermediate Period to Hatshepsut (and Thutmose III), summarizing the ppt. lectures on these topics: geographic features and regions, the origins of the Hyksos, evidence for conflict between Thebans and Hyksos (late SIP to early Dynasty 18), Asiatic (i.e., Canaanite) innovations in late SIP-early Dynasty 18, Minoan frescoes at Avaris (Tell ed-Daba), the Vice-Roy of Kush (Nubia), archaeological and textual-pictorial evidence for Thutmose I's Nubian campaign, Hatshepsut's elevation to "King" alongside Thutmose III, and Hatshepsut's reign and building campaign in general (alongside Thutmose III).
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Study guide to Test 2 in Anth.310 (Imperial & Post-Imperial Egypt), focusing upon 35 topic areas from the reign of Thutmose III to Amenhotep III (early Amarna period), summarizing the ppt. lectures on these topics: social... more
ABSTRACT: Study guide to Test 2 in Anth.310 (Imperial & Post-Imperial Egypt), focusing upon 35 topic areas from the reign of Thutmose III to Amenhotep III (early Amarna period), summarizing the ppt. lectures on these topics: social organization, especially in the New Kingdom (e.g., role of the king, chief queen, secondary queens, crown prince, princes in general, vizier, and elite), the organization of the army, the importance of the Battle of Megiddo (Thutmose III), other campaigns and expeditions in Thutmose III's reign, other achievements (i.e., legacy) by Thutmose III, Amenhotep II's Levantine campaigns, Thutmose IV's ascension to the throne, the nature of the Amarna Letters, Egypt's relations with its Canaanite vassals (via the Amarna Letters), Egypt's relations with neighbouring kingdoms (via Amarna Letters, etc.), temple cults and designs (e.g., Amun-Re), temple priesthoods (positions and roles), typical morning rituals in temple cults, typical offering rituals and variance in temples, features of Dynasty 18 rock-cut private tombs at Thebes, specific burial goods for Dynasty 18 tombs, afterlife destinations in Book of the Dead, three basic types of composition of the Book of the Dead, characteristic burial assemblage from royal tomb(s) versus private elite tombs, key features in the Amduat, five types of commemorative scarabs of Amenhotep III (and their purpose), and the status of Queen Tiye in contrast to other queens.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Study guide to Test 3 in Anth.310 (Imperial & Post-Imperial Egypt), focusing upon 25 topic areas from the reign of Akhenaten (Amarna period) through the early Ramesside period (Ramesses III-VI), summarizing the ppt. lectures on... more
ABSTRACT: Study guide to Test 3 in Anth.310 (Imperial & Post-Imperial Egypt), focusing upon 25 topic areas from the reign of Akhenaten (Amarna period) through the early Ramesside period (Ramesses III-VI), summarizing the ppt. lectures on these topics: different aspects of Egypt's Levantine empire, Luxor-Karnak Temples (Birth Room; Opet Festival), Akhenaten's physical traits (in relation to potential Marfens syndrome), art and architectural innovations in Akhenaten's reign, main differences between Aten cult and traditional cults, key features in workmens' housing and elite housing at Amarna, main events and achievements in the reigns of Tutankhamun and Horemheb, main features typifying Ramesside private rock-cut tombs at Thebes, main features and significance of Sety I's cult temple and Osireion at Abydos, Ramesses II and the Battle of Kadesh, other major achievements in reign of Ramesses II, main developments in late Dynasty 19 (Merenptah; Amenmesse - Sety II; Siptah - Tawosret), the Sea Peoples (Ramesses III), other major troubles during Ramesses III's reign, the end of Ramesses III's reign.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Study guide to Test 4 in Anth.310 (Imperial & Post-Imperial Egypt), focusing upon 30 topic areas from late Ramesside Egypt to 332 BCE and summarizing the information from the ppt. lectures on these topics: e.g., history (... more
ABSTRACT: Study guide to Test 4 in Anth.310 (Imperial & Post-Imperial Egypt), focusing upon 30 topic areas from late Ramesside Egypt to 332 BCE and summarizing the information from the ppt. lectures on these topics: e.g., history ( internal development;, international relations), art, architecture, literature (Journey of Wenamon), religion, trends within various periods, and other topics.
Research Interests:
Course description: This course covers the rise and fall, and the diverse achievements of a number of past societies (i.e., “civilization”) in Ancient Syria-Palestine: the first half of the course begins with the Neolithic period (ca.... more
Course description:
This course covers the rise and fall, and the diverse achievements of a number of past societies (i.e., “civilization”) in Ancient Syria-Palestine: the first half of the course begins with the Neolithic period (ca. 8,500-4,300 BCE), including the ancient city of Jericho, progresses through the innovations of the Chalcolithic Period (4,300-3,300 BCE), and focuses on the Bronze Age (3,300-1,200 BCE); the course’s second half builds upon this foundation, examining the emergence and fluctuating fortunes of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah in the Iron Age (1,200-586 BCE), culminating in the Assyrian and Babylonian invasions, occupation, and ultimately the destruction of Judah and Jerusalem ca. 586 BCE. Both halves of the course touch upon such aspects as history, society/culture, settlements, agriculture, industries and crafts, trade, warfare, language, religion, and art. Some questions addressed during the course include the origins of agriculture, urban life, the Israelites, and the Exodus tradition, and the historicity of the bible and diverse controversial topics investigated by Biblical scholars, archaeologists, and related experts/disciplines.
For undergraduates (Anth.340), the overall course requirements include class attendance / participation (10%), written responses to 7 in-class documentaries (20%), 4 tests/quizzes (40%), and an 8-10 page research paper (30% [2,000-2,500 words]); graduate students (Anth.640) write a longer research paper (70% [20-25 pages]) in-lieu of the four tests/quizzes, while attending/participating (10%) and submitting documentary responses (20%).
Course objectives:
This course aims (1) to educate students in the main archaeological, cultural, and related developments in Palestine, and some adjacent regions, including various key issues, from 10,000 BCE to 586 BCE, with the inclusion of historical data in pertinent periods. The five to six documentaries and the written responses to them serve (2) to illustrate and reinforce selected time periods and topics, providing diverse specialist views and general narration. The study guides and four tests are designed (3) to aid students in focusing upon and memorizing the salient data and broader trends that characterize each time span, including society, architecture, material culture, technology, trade, art, religion, and other aspects. The research essay should enable students (4) to focus in more depth and in a more critical fashion upon a topic of interest that is not covered in sufficient depth in the class, and will include in-class and posted guidance, with graded feedback, to assist in college essay composition. Last, (5) this course aims to provide a sufficient broad and fairly comprehensive overview, as a “gateway course,” to enable students to assess whether or not they wish to pursue more advanced graduate studies regarding this topic area, or an aspect of this academic field.
This course covers the rise and fall, and the diverse achievements of a number of past societies (i.e., “civilization”) in Ancient Syria-Palestine: the first half of the course begins with the Neolithic period (ca. 8,500-4,300 BCE), including the ancient city of Jericho, progresses through the innovations of the Chalcolithic Period (4,300-3,300 BCE), and focuses on the Bronze Age (3,300-1,200 BCE); the course’s second half builds upon this foundation, examining the emergence and fluctuating fortunes of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah in the Iron Age (1,200-586 BCE), culminating in the Assyrian and Babylonian invasions, occupation, and ultimately the destruction of Judah and Jerusalem ca. 586 BCE. Both halves of the course touch upon such aspects as history, society/culture, settlements, agriculture, industries and crafts, trade, warfare, language, religion, and art. Some questions addressed during the course include the origins of agriculture, urban life, the Israelites, and the Exodus tradition, and the historicity of the bible and diverse controversial topics investigated by Biblical scholars, archaeologists, and related experts/disciplines.
For undergraduates (Anth.340), the overall course requirements include class attendance / participation (10%), written responses to 7 in-class documentaries (20%), 4 tests/quizzes (40%), and an 8-10 page research paper (30% [2,000-2,500 words]); graduate students (Anth.640) write a longer research paper (70% [20-25 pages]) in-lieu of the four tests/quizzes, while attending/participating (10%) and submitting documentary responses (20%).
Course objectives:
This course aims (1) to educate students in the main archaeological, cultural, and related developments in Palestine, and some adjacent regions, including various key issues, from 10,000 BCE to 586 BCE, with the inclusion of historical data in pertinent periods. The five to six documentaries and the written responses to them serve (2) to illustrate and reinforce selected time periods and topics, providing diverse specialist views and general narration. The study guides and four tests are designed (3) to aid students in focusing upon and memorizing the salient data and broader trends that characterize each time span, including society, architecture, material culture, technology, trade, art, religion, and other aspects. The research essay should enable students (4) to focus in more depth and in a more critical fashion upon a topic of interest that is not covered in sufficient depth in the class, and will include in-class and posted guidance, with graded feedback, to assist in college essay composition. Last, (5) this course aims to provide a sufficient broad and fairly comprehensive overview, as a “gateway course,” to enable students to assess whether or not they wish to pursue more advanced graduate studies regarding this topic area, or an aspect of this academic field.
ABSTRACT: This lecture (subdivided into parts 1a-1b) provides a summary of the course requirements and information in general, plus a broad introduction to the re-discovery and evolving archaeological study of and approaches to Ancient... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture (subdivided into parts 1a-1b) provides a summary of the course requirements and information in general, plus a broad introduction to the re-discovery and evolving archaeological study of and approaches to Ancient Syria-Palestine (also termed the Levant and Canaan), which formed part of the Ancient Near East. It continues with an overview of the diverse topography, climate, fauna, flora, metals and minerals, and other resources in this and neighbouring regions. The course itself will focus mainly on the Neolithic through 586 B.C., and mainly upon "Palestine," but with some coverage of Egypt (e.g., Hyksos period), Arabia, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon, Southeast Anatolia (Turkey/Asia Minor), and the empires of Assyria and Babylonia. UPDATES: The course is offered every two years within a classroom setting, and is updated variously every two years. The revisions to the 2014 version are minimal (i.e., mostly formatting) here in the 2016 Fall version of lectures 1a-b. NEW: Aug. 2020 revisions.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This lecture (titled "no. 2" here) is part 1b of the subdivided introductory overview to the course and the geography of Ancient Syria-Palestine (Levant; Canaan), in the western portion of the Ancient Near East. It continues... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture (titled "no. 2" here) is part 1b of the subdivided introductory overview to the course and the geography of Ancient Syria-Palestine (Levant; Canaan), in the western portion of the Ancient Near East. It continues with some coverage of the essay requirements in the course. UPDATES: The course is offered every two years within a classroom setting, and is updated variously every two years. The revisions to the 2014 version are minimal (i.e., mostly formatting) here in the 2016 Fall version of lectures 1a-b. NEW: Revised Aug. 28, 2020.
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: Lecture-3 provides a broad overview of the Neolithic period in the Levant, including the Natufian, Pre-pottery Neolithic, and Pottery Neolithic. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-3 provides a broad overview of the Neolithic period in the Levant, including the Natufian, Pre-pottery Neolithic, and Pottery Neolithic. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. In the case of my knowledge of ancient Syria-Palestine, fortunately I originally pursued a virtual specialist undergraduate and graduate degrees in this subject (under John S. Holladay), alongside my main focus in Egyptian Archaeology), subsequently examined Egypt's presence and influence in the Levant from 1550-525 BC (for my doctoral dissertation), and have since maintained my interest and research in Egypt's relations with this region (especially during the Old Kingdom [EB Age] and Late Period [Iron Age to Persian period]). UPDATES: The course is offered every two years within a classroom setting, and is updated variously every two years. The revisions to this 2014 version are more substantial (added slides in Fall 2020 edition).
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, and 13 moreLevantine Archaeology, Agriculture, Neolithic Archaeology, Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Neolithic, Lebanon, Syria, Israel and Palestine (History and Archaeology), Pre-Pottery Neolithic, Archaeology of the Levant, Jericho, Origins of Domesticated Plants and Development of Food producing Economies, and Gobleki Tepe
SUMMARY: Lecture-4 provides a broad overview of the Chalcolithic period in the Levant, including settlement patterns, settlement layout (with variants), cultic structures (En-Gedi; Cave of Treasure), material culture (pottery; stone;... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-4 provides a broad overview of the Chalcolithic period in the Levant, including settlement patterns, settlement layout (with variants), cultic structures (En-Gedi; Cave of Treasure), material culture (pottery; stone; copper; art; ivory; sculpture), burial customs, subsistence economy, and its origins and collapse. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. In the case of my knowledge of ancient Syria-Palestine, fortunately I originally pursued a virtual specialist undergraduate and graduate degrees in this subject (under John S. Holladay), alongside my main focus in Egyptian Archaeology), subsequently examined Egypt's presence and influence in the Levant from 1550-525 BC (for my doctoral dissertation), and have since maintained my interest and research in Egypt's relations with this region (especially during the Old Kingdom [EB Age] and Late Period [Iron Age to Persian period]). REVISED: Sept., 2020.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, and 19 moreChalcolithic Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Ancient Art, Copper extraction and production, Copper, Copper age, Ghassulian, Ancient linens, Wadi Faynan, Ivory Carving, Archaeology of the Levant, Subterranean architecture, Teleilat Ghassul - Art & Ritual In the Chalcolithic Southern Levant, Lost wax casting, En Gedi temple (Chalcolithic Age), Cave of the Treasure (Chalcolithic Age), Nahal Mishmar (Chalcolithic Age), and Shiqmim (Chalcolithic Age)
Anth.340 Ppt. lecture-5: EB I Syria-Palestine: Chalcolithic decline, drier climate, rise of Proto-urban agrarian & unfortified towns, new crops, plow?, cross-desert trade & water management (Jawa); housing, temples, burials, material culture, and relations with Egypt (by G. Mumford; Sept., 2020)more
SUMMARY: Lecture-5 provides a broad overview of the Early Bronze I (EB I) in the Levant, including neighboring areas, the collapse of Chalcolithic, the rise of EB I, chronology, settlement patterns, urban layout, burial customs, material... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-5 provides a broad overview of the Early Bronze I (EB I) in the Levant, including neighboring areas, the collapse of Chalcolithic, the rise of EB I, chronology, settlement patterns, urban layout, burial customs, material culture, origins of EB I culture, cross-cultural relations with Egypt, and assessing Egypt's role in SW Levant. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. In the case of my knowledge of ancient Syria-Palestine, fortunately I originally pursued a virtual specialist undergraduate and graduate degrees in this subject (under John S. Holladay), alongside my main focus in Egyptian Archaeology), subsequently examined Egypt's presence and influence in the Levant from 1550-525 BC (for my doctoral dissertation), and have since maintained my interest and research in Egypt's relations with this region (especially during the Old Kingdom [EB Age] and Late Period [Iron Age to Persian period]). UPDATES: The course is offered every two years within a classroom setting, and is updated variously every two years. The revisions to this 2014 version are mostly formatting, but do include the addition of a two slide summary of the main points in the lecture. The 2016 Fall version of this ppt has added several more slides (e.g., EB Age I drawings from paving stones in a stratum XIX shrine at Megiddo [Loud 1948, Megiddo vol. II]), new formatting, some corrections/updates, and a series of summary slides and information at the end of the lecture. REVISED: Sept. 2020, including incorporating more images.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, and 29 moreAncient Near East, Ancient Art, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, Climate Change and Environmental Archaeology, Irrigation Water Management (Archaeology), Viticulture, Early Bronze Age, Ebla, 1) cultural interconnections and trade (Egypt and Levant), Water Management History, Megiddo, Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant, Late Chalcolithic, History and Archaeology of Canaan, Archaeology of the Levant, Proto urbanization, Ancient Climate Change, Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai, Bab Edh Dhra, Canaanite Art and Iconography, Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age Transition In Southern Levant, Desert Travel, Tel Erani, en-Besor (Early Bronze Age I), Jawa (Early Bronze I desert town, Jordan), Chalcolithic decline, collapse, and nawamis (Bedouin tombs, Sinai, Chalcolithic-EB Age I)
SUMMARY: Lecture-6 provides part-1 of a broad overview of the Early Bronze II-III (EB II-III) in the Levant, including the rise of urban society, settlement patterns across various regions (including the Negev), agriculture (and the rise... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-6 provides part-1 of a broad overview of the Early Bronze II-III (EB II-III) in the Levant, including the rise of urban society, settlement patterns across various regions (including the Negev), agriculture (and the rise of horticulture), settlement layouts (e.g., fortifications; socially stratified housing types; palaces; temples; shrines; granaries; public drainage; industrial areas [potter's workshop; olive oil installations]; public reservoirs), and material culture (pottery; metallurgy: copper production & caches). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. In the case of my knowledge of ancient Syria-Palestine, fortunately I originally pursued a virtual specialist undergraduate and graduate degrees in this subject (under John S. Holladay), alongside my main focus in Egyptian Archaeology), subsequently examined Egypt's presence and influence in the Levant from 1550-525 BC (for my doctoral dissertation), and have since maintained my interest and research in Egypt's relations with this region (especially during the Old Kingdom [EB Age] and Late Period [Iron Age to Persian period]). UPDATES: The course is offered every two years within a classroom setting, and is updated variously every two years. REVISED: Sept. 2020 (mostly formatting changes).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Earthquake Engineering, and 34 moreUrban History, Levantine Archaeology, Military Architecture, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Prehistoric Fortification (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Ancient Warfare, Ancient Metallurgy, Fortifications, Copper extraction and production, Copper, Copper age, Sinai, 1) cultural interconnections and trade (Egypt and Levant), Megiddo, Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Archaeology of the Levant, Granaries, Khirbet Kerak Ware, Ancient Water Management, History of Architecture and Town Planning, Copper Smelting, Ancient Temples, Arad, Pottery technology, Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant, Ancient Earthquakes, Ancient City-States, Ancient City Walls, Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai, Public Granaries, Town Planning in Ancient Times, and Beth Yerah / Beit Yareh (EB Age II-III)
SUMMARY: Lecture-7 provides a continuation of a broad overview of the Early Bronze II-III (EB II-III) in the Levant, including Early Bronze Age Syria-Palestine, including Levantine exports to Egypt, Egyptian imports to the Levant,... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-7 provides a continuation of a broad overview of the Early Bronze II-III (EB II-III) in the Levant, including Early Bronze Age Syria-Palestine, including Levantine exports to Egypt, Egyptian imports to the Levant, Egyptian Dyns.1 & 2-6 exploitation of South Sinai, other international relations (Aegean?; Syria; Mesopotamia), burial customs, the Egyptian portrayal of Asiatics (and Bedu), the geo-political landscape in the EB II-III southern Levant, and the collapse of EB III (including climate change and other factors). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. In the case of my knowledge of ancient Syria-Palestine, fortunately I originally pursued a virtual specialist undergraduate and graduate degrees in this subject (under John S. Holladay), alongside my main focus in Egyptian Archaeology), subsequently examined Egypt's presence and influence in the Levant from 1550-525 BC (for my doctoral dissertation), and have since maintained my interest and research in Egypt's relations with this region (especially during the Old Kingdom [EB Age] and Late Period [Iron Age to Persian period]). REVISED: Sept. 2020 (new slides and updated chronology).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Levantine Archaeology, and 18 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Ancient trade (Archaeology), Mortuary archaeology, Lebanon, Syria, Israel and Palestine (History and Archaeology), Ebla, 1) cultural interconnections and trade (Egypt and Levant), Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Ancient Trade Routes, Archaeology of the Levant, Tell Mardikh, and Bronze Age Collapse
SUMMARY: Lecture-8 provides a broad overview of the Early Bronze IV (EB IV / MB I) in the Levant, including its diverse terminology, settlement patterns, burial customs, material culture (pottery; metallurgy), transportation, chronology,... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-8 provides a broad overview of the Early Bronze IV (EB IV / MB I) in the Levant, including its diverse terminology, settlement patterns, burial customs, material culture (pottery; metallurgy), transportation, chronology, varying interpretations of the shift from urban to mostly non-urban life (including past climate change), and a case study on events in neighbouring Egypt and Sinai. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. In the case of my knowledge of ancient Syria-Palestine, fortunately I originally pursued a virtual specialist undergraduate and graduate degrees in this subject (under John S. Holladay), alongside my main focus in Egyptian Archaeology), subsequently examined Egypt's presence and influence in the Levant from 1550-525 BC (for my doctoral dissertation), and have since maintained my interest and research in Egypt's relations with this region (especially during the Old Kingdom [EB Age] and Late Period [Iron Age to Persian period]). UPDATES: Revised Sept. 2020.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Climate Change, Levantine Archaeology, and 21 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Climate Change and Environmental Archaeology, Societal Collapse, Shaft tombs, Sinai, Levant, Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Dolmens, Archaeology of Societal Collapse, History and Archaeology of Canaan, Archaeology of the Levant, Negev, Dolmens and megaliths, Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai, Ain Samiya goblet (EB IV-MB I Palestine/Canaan links to Mesopotamia), and Caliciform culture (EB IV-MB I Canaan)
SUMMARY: Lecture-9 provides a broad overview of Middle Bronze IIA (MB IIA) in the Levant, including a brief overview, its chronology, settlement patterns, urban layout (fortifications; gateways; etc.), extramural temples, burial customs,... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-9 provides a broad overview of Middle Bronze IIA (MB IIA) in the Levant, including a brief overview, its chronology, settlement patterns, urban layout (fortifications; gateways; etc.), extramural temples, burial customs, material culture (e.g., pottery; metallurgy), writing, trade/exchange with Egypt (e.g., Sinuhe; cross-cultural relations in general), and its chronology, This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: Revised formatting, adding in some new slides, correcting some text, etc. (Oct. 2020).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, and 27 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hyksos, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, Middle Bronze Age, Foreign Relations and Cross-Cultural contact, Mortuary archaeology, Execration figures, Fortifications, Amorites, Siege Warfare, Megiddo, Chariot in the Ancient Near East, Tel Dan, Wheel-Made Pottery, History and Archaeology of Canaan, Archaeology of the Levant, Avaris, High Places, Egyptian Execration texts, Middle Bronze Age Levant, Siege Weapons, Hazor, The Tale of Sinuhe Pdf, City Gates, and Tel Hefer (Tel el-Ifshar)
SUMMARY: Lecture-10 provides a broad overview of Middle Bronze IIB-C (MB IIB-C) in the Levant, including a brief overview, its origins, the Hyksos ("Rulers of Foreign Lands"), internal chronology, settlement patterns, urban layout (e.g.,... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-10 provides a broad overview of Middle Bronze IIB-C (MB IIB-C) in the Levant, including a brief overview, its origins, the Hyksos ("Rulers of Foreign Lands"), internal chronology, settlement patterns, urban layout (e.g., fortifications; gateways; courtyard palaces [Bit-hilani]; migdol/tower-temples; diverse housing; etc.), burial customs, material culture (e.g., pottery; faience; metallurgy; art; jewelry; seals), writing, potential roots of later Biblical traditions, and the collapse of MB Age, This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: The 2016 revisions include some new slides, a number of corrections/updates, and a series of summary slides and other information: E.g., clarification on Late M.K./"Hyksos" and "rampart" versus MK-2IP/later "(cultic) enclosure" debate at Heliopolis and Tell el-Yahudiyeh. UPDATED: Revised formatting, adding in some new slides, correcting some text, etc. (Oct. 2020).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Levantine Archaeology, and 34 moreSettlement Patterns, Military Architecture, Cross-Cultural Studies, Biblical Archaeology, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Canaanite Languages, Hyksos, Fortified Settlements (Archaeology), Cultural interrelations in the eastern Mediterranean from the BA to the EIA, Egypt and Canaan, Middle Bronze Age, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Irrigation Water Management (Archaeology), History of military Engineering, Fortifications, Amorites, Chronology, Baal, Ancient chronology, Ancient Canaanite Religion, Chariots, Archaeology of the Levant, History of Architecture and Town Planning, Egyptian god Seth, Orthostats, Chariots, Bronze Age, Proto Canaanite, Hazor, History of military architecture, Tell El-Yahudiyeh Ware, Proto-sinaitic Inscriptions, Minoan frescoes in Levant, migdol temples Canaan, and Canaanite burials
SUMMARY: Lecture-11 provides a broad overview of Canaan and late Middle Kingdom Egypt (MB IIA/B), the fall/decline of the Middle Kingdom, the rise of the Hyksos and Second Intermediate Period (especially at Tell ed-Dab'a), the rise of the... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-11 provides a broad overview of Canaan and late Middle Kingdom Egypt (MB IIA/B), the fall/decline of the Middle Kingdom, the rise of the Hyksos and Second Intermediate Period (especially at Tell ed-Dab'a), the rise of the reduced, indigenous Egyptian kingdom of the Thebans (in central-southern Egypt), the Theban struggle to reunite Egypt, and the final expulsion of the Hyksos and foundation of an Egyptian empire in Canaan, This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: Oct. 2020 (revised formatting, some text and some images).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Cross-Cultural Studies, and 33 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Aegean Egyptian Interrelatlations, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, Hyksos, Second Intermediate Period (Egyptology), Kerma, Egypt and Canaan, Middle Bronze Age, Imperialism, Egypt and Nubia, Baal, PYRAMID, Byblos, Survey TeD/Avaris, Avaris, Kushite Archaeology, 17th Dynasty, 13th Dynasty, ancient Egypytian pyramids, Donkeys, Battles In the Ancient World, Seth Temple at Avaris, Late Middle Kingdom Egypt, King Ahmose, Tell El-Yahudiyeh Ware, Seqenenre, Kamose (Dynasty 17, Egypt), Rulers of Foreign Lands (Hyksos), Colossal statues, khendjer (Dyn.13 pharaoh, Egypt), Merneferre Ay (Dyn.13 pharaoh), and donkey burials (Middle Bronze Age; Levant; Egypt)
SUMMARY: Lecture-12 provides historical background to New Kingdom Egypt's presence in the LB Age Levant (i.e., selected Egyptian rulers and their campaigns into Canaan), Egypt's changing imperial approach to and infrastructure in Canaan,... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-12 provides historical background to New Kingdom Egypt's presence in the LB Age Levant (i.e., selected Egyptian rulers and their campaigns into Canaan), Egypt's changing imperial approach to and infrastructure in Canaan, the indigenous LB Age Canaanite political infrastructure, and the diverse ethnic makeup of Canaan. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: Revised text and formatting mostly (Sept.-Oct. 2020). ADDED section on relations between Byblos and Egypt at end, plus augmenting Ugarit section with texts dealing with Egypto-Ugarit relations (esp. in lB 2B).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Ancient Near East, and 15 moreLate Bronze Age archaeology, Egypt and Canaan, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Ancient Warfare, Imperialism, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Amurru, Ugarit, Byblos, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Habiru, Archaeology of the Levant, and New Kingdom Egyptian Warfare
SUMMARY: Lecture-13 provides an overview of settlement patterns in LB Age Canaan, the urban layout of settlements, including mostly non-fortified sites, retained gateways, diverse housing, and various types of temples (including Canaanite... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-13 provides an overview of settlement patterns in LB Age Canaan, the urban layout of settlements, including mostly non-fortified sites, retained gateways, diverse housing, and various types of temples (including Canaanite Migdol/tower temples, hybrid Egypto-Canaanite temples, Aegean-style temples, and other forms. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. REVISED: Sept.-Oct. 2020, mainly formatting, some new text, and slides.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Settlement Patterns, and 21 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Town planning, Palaces and City Archaeology, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Archaeology of the Levant, Amman Airport Temple, Votive offerings, History of Architecture and Town Planning, Shrines and sanctuaries, Lachish, Egyptian Temples, Hazor, Temples In Southern Levant, Canaanite Temples, migdol temples Canaan, Tell Mevorakh (LB Age temple), Fosse Temple (Lachish, Late Bronze Age), and Egypto-Canaanite temples (Late Bronze Age)
SUMMARY: Lecture-14 provides an overview of Canaanite religion (selected deities and their attributes), some LB Age material culture (e.g., pottery; foreign forms [trade]; metallurgy; art; sculpture; seals; ivory carving; clay/ceramic... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-14 provides an overview of Canaanite religion (selected deities and their attributes), some LB Age material culture (e.g., pottery; foreign forms [trade]; metallurgy; art; sculpture; seals; ivory carving; clay/ceramic sculpture), writing & literature, burial customs, and features in Egypt's Empire in North Sinai and Canaan (e.g., forts) --especially in the Ramesside period (LB IIB - Iron IA). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: Oct. 2020 reformatting, including new slides and text.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), and 38 moreMaritime History, Levantine Archaeology, Ugaritic Language, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Canaanite Languages, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, ANE Cylinder Seals, Ancient Shipwrecks, Ancient Metallurgy, Fortifications, Mycenaean pottery, Alphabetic Writing, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Ancient Fortifications, Canaanite Religion in OT Times, Ancient Canaanite Religion, Ivory Carving, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Archaeology of the Levant, Scarabs, Cape Gelidonya, North Sinai, Mycenaean Larnakes, Canaanite Pottery, Cypriot Pottery, Scarabs Seals, Proto Canaanite, Tell Heboua, Ulu Burun, Anthropoid Clay Cofins, Canaanite Languages and Epigraphy, Proto-sinaitic Inscriptions, Tjaru (Tell Heboua, North Sinai, Egypt), Ways of Horus (North Sinai), double pithos burials (Canaan; Late Bronze Age), and bench tombs (Canaan; LB Age)
SUMMARY: Lecture-15 continues the overview of New Kingdom Egypt's presence in Canaan, looking at forts across North Sinai and in Canaan, and then looks at Egypt's involvement in South Sinai (especially turquoise and copper mining at... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-15 continues the overview of New Kingdom Egypt's presence in Canaan, looking at forts across North Sinai and in Canaan, and then looks at Egypt's involvement in South Sinai (especially turquoise and copper mining at Serabit el-Khadim, and maintaining a temple to Hathor and Sopdu), Egypt's activity in the southern Arabah (copper mining; maintaining a small Hathor shrine at Timna), and concluding with an overview on Egypt and the Sea Peoples (under Ramesses III during Iron IA). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: The 2020 revisions include new formatting, text and images, plus some recent archaeological findings.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, and 29 moreAncient Near East, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Early Iron Age, Fortifications, Copper extraction and production, Copper, the Sea Peoples, XIX - XX Dynasty in Egypt, the Hittites, the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Medittaranean, Sinai, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Arabian Peninsula in Antiquity, History of Pre-Islamic Arabia, Sea Peoples, Jaffa (Tel Yafo), Hathor, Archaeology of the Levant, Votive offerings, Negev, Copper Smelting, Forts, Ancient Copper Mining, South Sinai, Egyptian Temples, Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai, Arabah Valley, Deir el-Balah (Canaan; LB Age - Iron 1A), Tel Mor (Canaan; LB Age fort, etc.), Tell Sera (LB Age Egyptian fort), Tell Aphek (LB Age Egyptian fort, etc.), and Beth Shan (LB Age Egyptian relations, etc.)
SUMMARY: Lecture-16 provides an overview on cross-cultural relations between Egypt and the Levant, especially regarding trade in the LB Age through Iron IA (ca. 1550 - 1150+ BC), and furnishes some case studies by this writer, focusing on... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-16 provides an overview on cross-cultural relations between Egypt and the Levant, especially regarding trade in the LB Age through Iron IA (ca. 1550 - 1150+ BC), and furnishes some case studies by this writer, focusing on the Amman Airport structure and the Red Sea trade (including aromatics). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: The 2020 revisions provide some new formatting, some corrections or augmentation of existing text in key areas, and a few new slides and text.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, and 18 moreAncient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Ancient trade (Archaeology), Sinai, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Amman Airport Temple, Votive offerings, Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai, Red Sea Trade, Midianite Ware, Timna, and Serabit el-Khadim (pharaonic temple, turquoise mining, Sinai, Egypt)
SUMMARY: Lecture-17 continues the discussion about the arrival of the Sea Peoples in the Levant, especially the Peleset (Philistines), who have definite observable traits from the Mycenaeans (including Mycenaean Crete), the Philistine... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-17 continues the discussion about the arrival of the Sea Peoples in the Levant, especially the Peleset (Philistines), who have definite observable traits from the Mycenaeans (including Mycenaean Crete), the Philistine settlement in the southwest coastal plain in the Levant, their material culture (e.g., pottery [Bichrome ware]; artistic motifs; some elite, Aegean-style chamber tombs with benches; various Aegean-style temples; Mycenaean-derived figurines; seals similar to Cypro-Minoan script; etc.), and some remains from settlements at Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gezer, Tell Qasile, and elsewhere. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: Adding in selected references at end, some text edits, and some new formatting (2020).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Levantine Archaeology, and 23 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Aegean Archaeology, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), the Sea Peoples, XIX - XX Dynasty in Egypt, the Hittites, the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Medittaranean, Philistines, Sea Peoples, Ekron, Iron Age Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, Tell Qasile, Tjeker/Teukroi, Votive offerings, Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, The Philistines and Sea Peoples Cultures, Ceramics of Ancient Israel and Philistia, Philistia, Peleset, bench tombs (Canaan; LB Age), Ashdod (Canaan; Philistia), Ashkelon (Canaan; Philistia), and Tel Miqne-Ekron (Philistia)
Anth.340 Ppt. lecture-18: Origins of Israelites, Iron Age 1 (1200-1000 BC): Approaches, sources & varying evidence for/contra captivity, Exodus, sojourn & conquest; Iron 1B settlement, dispersal, layout, components, roots, religion, material culture & neighbours (by G. Mumford; revised Nov. 2020)more
SUMMARY: Lecture-18 discusses the origins of the Israelites, including the first mention of "Israel" in Merenptah's "Israel" Stela, the current status regarding minimal to no archaeological evidence for an Exodus (also postulated as being... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-18 discusses the origins of the Israelites, including the first mention of "Israel" in Merenptah's "Israel" Stela, the current status regarding minimal to no archaeological evidence for an Exodus (also postulated as being a later remembrance of Hyksos expulsion), the state of evidence regarding the sojourn in Sinai (also minimal/no archaeological evidence), the "Exodus Papyrus" (noting the escape and tracking of two fugitives from Egypt), the conquest account (which also contains conflicting data in the archaeological record), the emergence of numerous, small, hill country and other settlements (i.e., typically small, agrarian enclosures with some terracing in areas, herding, semi-nomadic roots in settlement design, forest clearance in newly occupied terrain, simple pottery and other artefacts with clear Canaanite roots), and the emergence of a more complex, Israelite polity by 1000 BC. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATED: Nov. 2020, re-formatting, and some new slides and text.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Phoenicians, Levantine Archaeology, and 34 moreBiblical Studies, Biblical Archaeology, Archaeology of ethnicity, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Egypt and Canaan, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Transjordan, Jerusalem, Exodus, Canaanite, Philistines, Ancient Israelites, Hyksos, Exodus, History and Archaeology of Canaan, Archaeology of the Levant, Israelite Origins, Jericho, Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, Arad, Merneptah, Hazor, Shasu, Shiloh, Merenptah, Mount Ebal, Berlin Statue Base (New Kingdom fragmentary reference to Israel), Apiru Bedu Hapiru Bedu (Late Bronze Age Canaan), Kadesh Barnea (NE Sinai; NW Negev), Amalekite (Canaan; Negev), Jebusite (Canaan; early Israel), Tell Masos (Negev), Shiloh (Canaan; Israel), and Bull Site (Iron Age 1 cult site; Canaan; Israel)
SUMMARY: Lecture-19 discusses the Iron IIA period (1000-925 BC), equated with the reigns of King Saul, David, and Solomon, including the emergence of a major Israelite kingdom centred at Jerusalem, the apparent retention of a Canaanite,... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-19 discusses the Iron IIA period (1000-925 BC), equated with the reigns of King Saul, David, and Solomon, including the emergence of a major Israelite kingdom centred at Jerusalem, the apparent retention of a Canaanite, Migdol-type temple plan (with Phoenician design elements) in Solomon's temple, a unified building plan within various fortifications built in Israelite territory (e.g., casemate walls; 6-chambered gates [Hazor; Gezer; Megiddo]), Biblical accounts of a campaign by an Egyptian pharaoh (Shishak), which is confirmed largely by Sheshonq II's Karnak Temple campaign records, a stela fragment found ex-situ at Megiddo, and some private texts alluding to a campaign into this region. In addition, the lecture covers Solomon's debated Red Sea trade with Arabia via Ezion-Geber (which was initially equated with period I at Tell el-Kheleifeh, but has been called into question owing to the loss of much of the period I material culture and apparent lack, even in recent excavations beside this site, of any definite 10th century BC pottery). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: Nov. 2020, some new formatting, new text and slides, minor edits and corrections.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Phoenicians, and 49 moreArchaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Hebrew Bible, Israel/Palestine, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Jerusalem, Ancient Near Eastern History, Fortifications, Solomon King, Sinai, King David, Megiddo, King Solomon, Jerusalem Archaeology, History of King David, Archaeology of the Levant, Tell Qasile, Phoenician trade, Negev, Kingdom of Judah, Shishak, King Saul (Hebrew Bible), Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, Negev Bedouin, Arad, Shishak Sheshonk Shoshenk Shoshenq, Lachish, Gezer, The Temple of Solomon, King Saul (Hebrew Bible / Old Testament), Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai, Bit Hilani, Ashlar Masonry, Hazor, Negev Archaeology, Tell Beit Mirsim, Egyptian Shishak, Bit-hilani Palace, Tel Masos, migdol temples Canaan, Kadesh Barnea (NE Sinai; NW Negev), Ezion-Geber (Solomon; Red Sea; Iron Age), Central Negev highlands (Iron Age IIA), Metsudat Akrab (Negev; Iron 2A fort), Kadesh Barnea (Iron Age fort), and Ein Qudeirat (Iron Age fort)
SUMMARY: Lecture-20 discusses the Iron IIB-C periods (925-586 BC), equated with the Divided Monarchies of Israel and Judah, including a broad, historical overview from 925 to 586 BC, following the kings of Judah, kings of Israel, and some... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-20 discusses the Iron IIB-C periods (925-586 BC), equated with the Divided Monarchies of Israel and Judah, including a broad, historical overview from 925 to 586 BC, following the kings of Judah, kings of Israel, and some neighbouring polities (e.g., Egypt; Aram-Damascus; Assyria). The lecture also touches upon the increasing Assyrian campaigns against the western Levant, such as the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC, between Shalmaneser III and a coalition of 12 Levantine states, the later siege and Sargon II's ultimate defeat of Samaria and the northern kingdom of Israel (which became an Assyrian province), Sennacherib's 701 BC defeat of Hezekiah (especially at Lachish, but including Jerusalem's surrender), Assyria's decline in the Levant, Egypt's re-vitalized Levantine involvement (under Psamtik I and Necho II in early Dynasty 26/Saite period [late 7th century BC]), and Nebuchhadnezzar II's subsequent defeat of Assyria, the Babylonian takeover of the Assyrian Empire, and Assyrian campaigns against and destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: Nov., 2020, adding in many new images, text revisions, and much new formatting.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, and 15 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Assyrian Empire, Neo Babylonian Empire, Iron Age Levant, Edom and Moab, Edom, Hezekiah, Shishak Sheshonk Shoshenk Shoshenq, Josiah, King of Judah, Iron Age II Divided Monarchy, King Omri of Samaria, Sennacherib's 701 campaign, and Aram Damascus
SUMMARY: Lecture-21 discusses the Iron IIB-C periods (925-586 BC), equated with the Divided Monarchies of Israel and Judah, including a discussion regarding archaeological finds in the Northern kingdom of Israel, at Omri and Ahab's royal... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-21 discusses the Iron IIB-C periods (925-586 BC), equated with the Divided Monarchies of Israel and Judah, including a discussion regarding archaeological finds in the Northern kingdom of Israel, at Omri and Ahab's royal capital at Samaria (e.g., the palace; the Samaria Ostraca; regional administration), settlement patterns and use of solid wall fortifications and water cisterns (e.g., Hazor; Megiddo); the beginning of a discussion on the Southern Kingdom of Judah, including Jerusalem, its expansion, fortifications, and growing affluence, a nearby military stronghold and subsequent royal retreat at Ramat Rahel, and featuring the Assyrian siege and capture of Lachish. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATED: New formatting, additional images and text, some new slides and text, revisions, etc. November 2020.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 33 moreLevantine Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Fortified Settlements (Archaeology), Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Assyrian Empire, Saite Period, Ancient Warfare, Jerusalem, Fortifications, Samaria, Siege Warfare, Megiddo, Ramat Rahel, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Jerusalem Archaeology, Neo Babylonian Empire, Iron Age Levant, History of Jerusalem, Archaeology of the Levant, Fortified Architecture, Kingdom of Judah, Psycological Warfare, Lachish letters, Lachish, Jezreel, Psycological Conflict, Iron Age II Divided Monarchy, Ancient Samaria, Hazor, Dan (Iron Age, Israel), Tirzah (Iron Age, Israel), and 701 BC (Sennacherib campaign)
SUMMARY: Lecture-22 discusses the Iron IIB-C periods (925-586 BC), equated with the Divided Monarchies of Israel and Judah, including a discussion regarding settlement patterns and selected sites in the Negev (e.g., Arad fort and its... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-22 discusses the Iron IIB-C periods (925-586 BC), equated with the Divided Monarchies of Israel and Judah, including a discussion regarding settlement patterns and selected sites in the Negev (e.g., Arad fort and its ostraca; the fortified town at Beersheba; a fort at Horvat Uza; a fort at Kadesh-Barnea; a fortified hilltop shrine at Kuntellet 'Ajrud; a fortified port at Tell el-Kheleifeh), and various aspects of material culture (e.g., seal types and sequence (e.g., lamelech seal; scarab beetle type seals; later 12-petal rosette seals on pottery). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: Minor revisions in Nov. 2018.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Hebrew Bible, and 24 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Bible, Fortified Settlements (Archaeology), Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, History of architecture, Iron Age Levant, Negev, Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, Negev Bedouin, Arad, Archaeology of the Negev and Sinai, Iron Age II Divided Monarchy, Red Sea Trade, Kuntillet Ajrud, Negev Archaeology, Edomites, Kadesh Barnea (NE Sinai; NW Negev), Kadesh Barnea (Iron Age fort), Hurvat Uza (Iron Age, Negev), Tell el-Kheleifeh (Ezion-Geber; Red Sea; Aqaba; Elat; Iron Age), Seals, seal impressions (Judah; Iron Age), Babylonian conquest (Jerusalem), and Khirbet et-Twein (Iron Age; Judean Desert)
Anth.340 Ppt. lecture-23: Israelite/Judean settlement types (capital; centres; rural), planning & components (fortifications; gates; streets; state buildings; storehouses; stables; water systems; housing; industry) in the Divided Monarchy, part-3, Iron 2B-C: 925-586 BC (by G. Mumford; revised 2018).more
SUMMARY: Lecture-23 discusses the Iron IIB-C periods (925-586 BC), equated with the Divided Monarchies of Israel and Judah, including a discussion regarding Judean settlement patterns, a "typical" settlement plan, the application of solid... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-23 discusses the Iron IIB-C periods (925-586 BC), equated with the Divided Monarchies of Israel and Judah, including a discussion regarding Judean settlement patterns, a "typical" settlement plan, the application of solid wall fortifications (albeit with a continuation of some casemate walls [less labour-intensive, cheaper, but easier to breach]), and urban layout (e.g., palace and podium construction [at Lachish]; ashlar masonry; sculpted window frames; proto-aeolic capitals; 4-chambered gates). This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: Dec. 2018, revised formatting and new images.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Architecture, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 31 moreLevantine Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Prehistoric Fortification (Archaeology), Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Cisterns (Archaeology), Ancient Industry, History of architecture, Ancient water systems, Ancient Engineering, Megiddo, Beer-Sheba, Siege of Lachish, Iron Age Levant, Market Places, Archaeology of Wells, Ancient water engineering, Kingdom of Judah, History of Urban Planning, Stables, Architecture and Public Spaces, Iron Age II Divided Monarchy, Bit Hilani, Four room House, Ashlar Masonry, Piazza, Beer Sheva, Tell Nebesheh, Tirzah (Iron Age, Israel), and Tell Dan (Canaan; Israel)
Anth.340 Ppt. lecture-24: Israelite/Judean cultic installations, furnishings, fittings & offerings; art (monuments; ivories; seals); pottery; metallurgy; trade; language/literature; and tombs, burials & furnishings in Divided Monarchy, part-4, Iron 2B-C: 925-586 BC (by G. Mumford; revised 2018).more
SUMMARY: Lecture-24 discusses the Iron IIB-C periods (925-586 BC), equated with the Divided Monarchies of Israel and Judah, including a discussion regarding Israelite material culture, the Dan shrine, Beersheba shrine (e.g., an altar of... more
SUMMARY: Lecture-24 discusses the Iron IIB-C periods (925-586 BC), equated with the Divided Monarchies of Israel and Judah, including a discussion regarding Israelite material culture, the Dan shrine, Beersheba shrine (e.g., an altar of cut stone [non-orthodox]), the Arad shrine (with possible allusions to an Asherah? of Yahweh [via two focal points within the sanctuary]; an orthodox altar of uncut stone), the Edomite shrine at Horvat Qitmit, material culture (e.g., figurines; seals; ivories; Phoenician influences; pottery; metallurgy), trade relations, ostraca/writing, and burial customs. This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: Revised Dec. 2018, with some new formatting.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 24 moreLevantine Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, Ancient Near Eastern Art, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Ancient Seals and Sealings, Terracotta Figurines, Anthropomorphic Figurines, Ancient Israel, Beer-Sheba, Iron Age Levant, Rock-cut Tombs, Kingdom of Judah, Iron Age trade, Edom and Moab, Phoenician ivories, Arad, Iron Age II Divided Monarchy, Beer Sheva, Tell Dan (Canaan; Israel), and Horvat Qitmit (Edomite shrine; Iron Age)
ABSTRACT: This ppt lecture provides a summary of my doctoral dissertation findings and an update on the Iron Age 1B through Neo-Babylonian to early Persian portions of Egypto-Asiatic relations: ca. 1150-525 BCE. To-date, there has been a... more
ABSTRACT: This ppt lecture provides a summary of my doctoral dissertation findings and an update on the Iron Age 1B through Neo-Babylonian to early Persian portions of Egypto-Asiatic relations: ca. 1150-525 BCE. To-date, there has been a greater focus on Egypto-Asiatic relations in the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1550–1150 BC) than during much of the succeeding Iron Age to early Persian periods (ca. 1150–525 BC). In regards to the Iron Age, the first few centuries of which have sometimes been labeled a “Dark Age,” most studies have relied more upon textual-pictorial evidence and have yet to explore the full potential offered by the extant archaeological record, especially regarding the quantification and analysis of diverse data. Although this deficiency is related to less pertinent archaeological and textual evidence having survived from the Iron Age, sufficient data remain to clarify diverse aspects of Egypt’s relations with the Levant. The following lecture summarizes some of these issues, covering the sources, methodology, and an overview of the types of Egyptian relations with Syria-Palestine, the types of materials, products, persons, and influences dispersed within the Near East in occupation, cultic, mortuary and other contexts. A series of summary slides appear at the end of the ppt. (this lecture is posted elsewhere independently, but lacks the summary slides).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Near Eastern Archaeology, and 14 moreArchaeology of Ancient Israel, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, Third Intermediate Period, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Saite Period, 1) cultural interconnections and trade (Egypt and Levant), Egyptian-Levantine Relations, Kingdom of Judah, Wenamon, and Kushite and Saite Periods
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, KULTUR: Rise of Civilizations (shown in-class; plus online link [50 minutes]), and several other recommended and related... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, KULTUR: Rise of Civilizations (shown in-class; plus online link [50 minutes]), and several other recommended and related documentaries (last page). The documentary covers mainly the rise of the domestication of animals, and crops, plus the rise of urban centres (Neolithic through Early Bronze Age/Other) in the Near East, Jordan, plus Indus Valley, China and central America. These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. I place other recommended documentaries at the end, plus some links, covering the same time period and subject area (REVISED: Sept. 8, 2018)
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, Art History, and 14 moreLevantine Archaeology, Mesoamerican Archaeology, Documentary Film, Rise of Civilization (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Indus Valley Civilization, Development of Early Writing Systems, Ancient Egypt, Early Urbanization, Early Neolithic pottery technology, Domestication, Ancient China, Jericho, and colin renfrew
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, National Geographic: Egypt's Lost Rival, featuring a MB-LB Age Canaanite city-sate at Qatna (shown in-class; also available online... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, National Geographic: Egypt's Lost Rival, featuring a MB-LB Age Canaanite city-sate at Qatna (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjTaOj09oUs [46 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Oct. 12, 2018, adding time markers for each question, adding a new question, some text revisions, and links to selected other documentaries and some volumes on Qatna.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Funerary Archaeology, and 15 moreAncient Near East, Documentary Film, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Qatna, Archaeology of destruction, Bronze Age Amber Trade, Hittites, Thutmose III, Documentary Archaeology, Middle Bronze Age Syria, Cuneiform Archives, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Palaces, Amenhotep II, and Elephants in Antiquity
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, KULTUR: First Merchants (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjHiRCFz0Oo [46.36 minutes]).... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, KULTUR: First Merchants (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjHiRCFz0Oo [46.36 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED Fall 2018: This documentary contains much useful information for the East Mediterranean (Ulu Burun shipwreck), Ancient Egypt and Near East, and other regions (China and Central America), but does make reference to the "Cocaine mummies." I have used this opportunity to caution students about such findings, adding a side note to the question sheet (Q.26+) and a full page discussion on such assessments and indicators of long-distance trade in antiquity, including some references, web links, and other documentaries dealing with ancient trade and shipping.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Anthropology, Silk Road Studies, and 15 moreMonetary history, Documentary Film, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Ancient Egypt, Jade, Movement of obsidian, Copper ingots, Çatal Hüyük, Spice Trade, Opium Trade, Barter Exchange, Moluccas, Ulu Burun, Zanzibar copal, and cocaine mummies
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, KULTUR: Ancient Jerusalem (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Q4mcFIXeIQ [46.19 minutes]).... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, KULTUR: Ancient Jerusalem (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Q4mcFIXeIQ [46.19 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. UPDATED: Summary sheet pdf alongside question sheet pdf.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions, plus a separate pdf with the answers (i.e., summarized data), drawn from the video, (shown in-class; also available online via... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions, plus a separate pdf with the answers (i.e., summarized data), drawn from the video, (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ih9JqwkEqg [105+ minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. UPDATED: Summary sheet pdf alongside question sheet pdf.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: The documentary focuses upon the excavations of copper mines, a copper smelting camp, and an affiliated workers' cemetery at Khirbet en-Nehas (Wadi Feynan, Jordan), including a mainly 10th century BC date (multiple radiocarbon... more
ABSTRACT: The documentary focuses upon the excavations of copper mines, a copper smelting camp, and an affiliated workers' cemetery at Khirbet en-Nehas (Wadi Feynan, Jordan), including a mainly 10th century BC date (multiple radiocarbon dates; material culture), questions regarding the ethnic and political affiliations of this site (e.g., Edomite?; Israelite?; other), and a general coverage on the biblical and archaeological materials concerning David, Solomon, and the 10th century BC in general. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions, plus a separate pdf with the answers (i.e., summarized data), drawn from the video, These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. NEW: Sept. 21, 2018 (including further references).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Hebrew Language, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 14 moreLevantine Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Documentary Film, Copper extraction and production, Philistines, King David, King Solomon, Archaeology of Jordan, Wadi Faynan, Shishak, Edom and Moab, Copper Smelting, hebrew Ostracon, and Shishak Sheshonk Shoshenk Shoshenq
ABSTRACT: Brief study guide notes to key geographic features and places, and key characteristics of the Natufian culture/period, the Neolithic (PPNA-B; PNA-B), Chalcolithic, and Early Bronze Age I in Syria-Palestine. REVISED: Oct. 2018.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Brief study guide with (selected) main characteristics of the Early Bronze Age II-III (3000 - 2300 BCE), Early Bronze Age IV / Middle Bronze Age I (EB IV/MB I) (2300 - 2000 BCE), Middle Bronze Age IIA (2000 - 1800/1750 BCE),... more
ABSTRACT: Brief study guide with (selected) main characteristics of the Early Bronze Age II-III (3000 - 2300 BCE), Early Bronze Age IV / Middle Bronze Age I (EB IV/MB I) (2300 - 2000 BCE), Middle Bronze Age IIA (2000 - 1800/1750 BCE), Middle Bronze Age IIB-C (1800/1750 - 150 BCE), indigenous features in Late Bronze Age Canaan (1550-1200 BCE), and Egyptian components in Late Bronze Age Canaan (1550 - 1200 BCE). REVISED: Oct. 2018.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Study guide to selected characteristics of Syria-Palestine regarding trade/commerce during the Late Bronze Age to Iron Age IA (1550 - 1150 BCE), the Sea Peoples and collapse of the Bronze Age (1200 - 1150 BCE), the origins and... more
ABSTRACT: Study guide to selected characteristics of Syria-Palestine regarding trade/commerce during the Late Bronze Age to Iron Age IA (1550 - 1150 BCE), the Sea Peoples and collapse of the Bronze Age (1200 - 1150 BCE), the origins and settlement of the Philistines in southwest Palestine (1200 - 1000 BCE), the traditions and evidence for the Exodus, sojourn, and conquest of/by the Ancient Israelites (1300 - 1000 BCE), the emerging and varying archaeological evidence for the Ancient Israelite settlement in Palestine (1200 - 1000 BCE), and the United Monarchy of Saul, David and Solomon, and archaeological and other evidence, during Iron Age 2A (1000 - 925 BCE).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern History, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Mycenaean pottery, Philistines, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, Sea Peoples, Ancient Israelites, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Archaeology of the Levant, and Iron Age IIA (Levant)
ABSTRACT: Study guide to various aspects of the Divided Monarchy of Ancient Israel and Judah, including (1) eight selected main aspects of history during the period of the Divided Monarchy (925 - 586 BCE), (2) selected characteristics of... more
ABSTRACT: Study guide to various aspects of the Divided Monarchy of Ancient Israel and Judah, including (1) eight selected main aspects of history during the period of the Divided Monarchy (925 - 586 BCE), (2) selected characteristics of the Israelite settlements of Samaria, Jezreel, Dan, Hazor, and Megiddo (925-720 BCE), (3) selected characteristics of the Judean settlements of Jerusalem, Ramat Rahel, Lachish, and other Judean towns, (4) the settlement patterns in the Northern Negev in general, and specific characteristics of the settlements at Arad, Beer Sheba, Kadesh-Barnea (Ain el-Qudeirat), Kuntillet Ajrud, and Tell el-Kheleifeh ("Ezion-Geber"?), (5) diverse aspects of the material culture of Israel and Judah during 925-586 BCE, including seal motifs, fortification types, city gate designs, ashlar masonry, pillared buildings (stables versus storehouses), water supply systems, temples, burials, and the 4-room house, and (6) Egypto-Levantine relations during 925 - 586 BCE (e.g., trade, campaigns, alliances, migrants, refugees, etc.). REVISED: Nov., 2018.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Assyrian Empire, Settlement archaeology, Fortifications, Ancient water systems, Iron Age Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, Kingdom of Judah, Lachish, Ancient Samaria, Ashlar Masonry, Hazor, and Kadesh Barnea (NE Sinai; NW Negev)
Course description: This 400/600-level course introduces diverse aspects of Ancient Egypt via a thematic approach, designed with a distinct and separate coverage from the more in-depth archaeological-historical materials provided in both... more
Course description: This 400/600-level course introduces diverse aspects of Ancient Egypt via a thematic approach, designed with a distinct and separate coverage from the more in-depth archaeological-historical materials provided in both ANTH.309 (Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids: Prehistory-Dyn.17) and ANTH.310 (Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt: Dyns.18-31). It features eight to nine documentary class days covering the rediscovery of Ancient Egypt (e.g., Geography; Champollion’s decipherment of hieroglyphs; Belzoni’s discovery of Ancient Egyptian sites and monuments; Petrie’s innovative approaches in archaeology; Howard Carter’s discovery of Tutankhamun); twelve lectures illuminate multiple aspects of Ancient Egyptian civilization (e.g., society; religion; architecture; trade; daily life); the course also contains eight classes introducing students to reading basic Egyptian hieroglyphs. Hence, ANTH.446/646 serves to complement and stand alone from other existing UAB courses on Ancient Egypt. Grades are calculated from class lecture attendance and participation (12%), student-friendly in-class instruction/seminars and in-class exercises on Egyptian hieroglyphs (8%), four/five documentary response questions (4% each [20%]), two exams (15% apiece [30%]), and one 10-page essay (30%) [graduate students: 15-page essay]. UPDATED: Oct. 17, 2019.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-1 introduces the syllabus and course materials in general, including the broad themes covered by R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-1 introduces the syllabus and course materials in general, including the broad themes covered by R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered again in Spring 2015. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision. UPDATED: Oct. 17, 2019, with some new formatting and edits.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-2 introduces Egyptology and Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 1 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-2 introduces Egyptology and Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 1 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered again in Spring 2015. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision. UPDATED Oct. 17, 2019. adding new formatting and selected sources.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-3 introduces a historical background to Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 2 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-3 introduces a historical background to Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 2 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered again in Spring 2015. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision. UPDATED: Oct. 17, 2019, new formatting and adding in selected sources.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, Old Kingdom (Egyptology), and 10 moreSecond Intermediate Period (Egyptology), Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, New Kingdom (Egyptology), Third Intermediate Period, Ancient Egyptian History, Saite Period, Egyptian Prehistory, Middle Kingdom (Egyptology), First Intermediate Period, and Late Period in ancient Egypt
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-4 introduces the geography of Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 3 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-4 introduces the geography of Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 3 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered again in Spring 2015. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision. UPDATED: Oct. 17, 2019.: reformatted, new text, and selected sources.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-5 introduces the society and government in Ancient Egypt and an additional section on law, crime, and punishment in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-5 introduces the society and government in Ancient Egypt and an additional section on law, crime, and punishment in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 4 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered again in Spring 2015. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision. UPDATED: Oct. 17, 2019, minor edits, and new formatting, plus selected sources at end of lecture.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-6 introduces the religion of the living in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 5 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-6 introduces the religion of the living in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 5 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered again in Spring 2015. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision. UPDATED: Oct. 17, 2019, some new formatting and selected sources at end of lecture.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-7 introduces funerary beliefs and customs in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 6 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-7 introduces funerary beliefs and customs in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 6 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered again in Spring 2015. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision. UPDATED: Oct. 17, 2019, some new formatting, edits, and selected sources at end of lecture.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-8 introduces architecture and building in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 7 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-8 introduces architecture and building in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 7 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered again in Spring 2015. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-9 introduces the written evidence in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 8 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-9 introduces the written evidence in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 8 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered again in Spring 2015. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision. UPDATED: Nov. 15, 2017 --new formatting.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Egyptology, Writing Systems & Decipherment, Strabo, Plutarch, and 16 moreHistory of Egyptology, Diodorus Siculus, Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, Ancient Egyptian Literature, Ancient Education, Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts, Book of the Dead, Ancient Egyptian language, Ancient Egypt, Papyrus, Egyptian Hieroglyphs, Egyptian scribes, Ancient Literature, Ancient Libraries, Thomas Young, and Champollion
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-10 introduces the army and navy in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 9 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-10 introduces the army and navy in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 9 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered in alternate years and updated periodically. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision.
Research Interests: History, Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, Egypt and Canaan, and 8 moreWarfare in ancient Egypt, Ancient Egyptian Military, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Egyptian Imperialism, Egyptian fortresses, New Kingdom Egyptian Warfare, Fortresses In Egypt and Sudan, and Ancient Egyptian Navy
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-11 introduces foreign trade and transport in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 10 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-11 introduces foreign trade and transport in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 10 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered again in Spring 2015. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-12 introduces the economy and industry in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 11 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-12 introduces the economy and industry in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 11 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered again in Spring 2015. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-13 introduces everyday life in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 12 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt... more
ABSTRACT: Power point lecture-13 introduces everyday life in Ancient Egypt (in a summary form with text and pertinent illustrations), following the broad themes covered by chapter 12 in R. David (2007), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (revised edition). Many of the power point slides/pages were extracted from my pre-existing and on-going, more detailed lectures on Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids (Anth.309), and Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt (Anth.310), which in-turn represent an expansion and modification of varied past lectures (at WLU; UCLA; UT; UWS; UAB). In some areas, I follow more closely the data presented by R. David (e.g., the history of Egyptology; past-present research on mummification), while for other chapters I have edited and re-arranged my existing power points to fit the textbook and this course’s thematic approach. This course actually began as Anth.207 (Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology), but after I expanded this material into two more detailed, and more chronological courses (Anth.309; 310), I realized a need for an additional course that incorporated (1) a brief thematic overview of Ancient Egypt (e.g., geography; history; social organization; architecture & art; cultic & mortuary religion; language & literature; military; trade; economy & industry; daily life), (2) some featured documentaries and response sheets on early to recent explorers and Egyptologists (e.g., Belzoni; Champollion; Budge; Petrie; Carter; others), and (3) a brief introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphs (Collier & Manley, How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Hence, the development of the current course, which received very good reviews in Fall 2012 and will be offered again in Spring 2015. In addition to these lectures, I have uploaded copies of my in-class power points following Collier & Manley’s chapters 1-8, and extracted exercise worksheets from their chapters for use in-class, while requiring my students to work through Collier and Manley’s chapters at home and pre-prepare the exercise for in-class sessions. Collier and Manley’s excellent, introductory text, other textbook choices (see the separate syllabus), the aforementioned documentaries, and other Egyptological materials have sufficed to enthuse a few undergraduate students from UAB to pursue more detailed graduate training in Egyptian archaeology and languages. Hopefully, these lectures may be of assistance to others in looking at various aspects of Ancient Egypt, in designing and improving upon such a thematic approach, or in providing any feedback regarding any omissions or errors that may have crept into the course materials. I try to revise this material each time I teach the course (usually in alternate years), and remain indebted to my initial teachers, diverse Egyptological sources, online materials (mainly used for illustrative and educational purposes), and other dialogue with my students and colleagues for feedback and ideas incorporated into the course’s design and revision.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Study guide to first half of the semester, drawn from power point lectures and chapters 1-6 in the textbook (David, Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt), namely covering (1) Egyptology and, archaeology in Egypt, (2) historical... more
ABSTRACT: Study guide to first half of the semester, drawn from power point lectures and chapters 1-6 in the textbook (David, Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt), namely covering (1) Egyptology and, archaeology in Egypt, (2) historical background (e.g., a summary of Predynastic through pharaonic periods), (3) geography of Ancient Egypt (e.g., topography; climate; flora; fauna; agriculture; resources; etc.), (4) society and government, (5) religion of the living (e.g., state; deities; priesthood; rituals; equipment; myths; etc.), and (6) funerary beliefs (e.g., tomb; afterlife beliefs; solar cult; funerary art; burial goods; Osiris; mummification),
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: Study guide to second half of the semester, drawn from power point lectures and chapters 7-12 textbook (David, Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt), namely covering (7) architecture and building (e.g., architectural types;... more
ABSTRACT: Study guide to second half of the semester, drawn from power point lectures and chapters 7-12 textbook (David, Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt), namely covering (7) architecture and building (e.g., architectural types; workforce; materials and construction; different types of structures), (8) written evidence (e.g., language; decipherment; scribes; education; various types of literature and examples), (9) the army and navy (e.g., expeditions; professional army; known officials; police; frontier defenses; battles; weaponry; equipment; navy), (10) foreign trade and transport (e.g., land; riverine; maritime; trade/exchange; trading expeditions), (11) economy and industry (e.g., various types), and everyday life (e.g., family; childhood through old age; other aspects).
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This documentary gives a nice summary of Ancient Egypt's environment, the annual Nile floods, the vegetative and climatic cycle (flood season; dry season; etc.), and the roots of Ancient Egyptian culture, religion, mythology,... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary gives a nice summary of Ancient Egypt's environment, the annual Nile floods, the vegetative and climatic cycle (flood season; dry season; etc.), and the roots of Ancient Egyptian culture, religion, mythology, etc., that came from the fauna and flora along the Nile and in the adjacent deserts. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: "Nile: Crocodile and Kings" (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kG_N6UjnPQM [48 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: (Belzoni Part-1): The Pharaoh and the Showman"; This video concentrates upon the initial collection of Egyptian antiquities (on... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: (Belzoni Part-1): The Pharaoh and the Showman"; This video concentrates upon the initial collection of Egyptian antiquities (on behalf of the British Consul, Henry Salt) by Giovani Belzoni in the early 1800s, and interactions and problems with a rival collector Bernardino Drovetti. This episode especially features collecting a colossal statue of Ramesses II from Luxor and Belzoni’s discovery and recording of the tomb of Sety I (Dynasty 19) in the Valley of the Kings (shown in-class; available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ST1tU-uabZQ [57 minutes]), and BBC (Belzoni Part-2): "The Temple of the Sands"; This video concentrates upon Belzoni’s further explorations south of Luxor, up the Nile in northern Sudan, at Philae and Abu Simbel, and especially his initial clearance and exploration of Ramesses II’s rock-cut, royal cult temple at Abu Simbel. He continues to compete with the French Proconsul, Drovetti (shown in-class; available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7eYVsuL-IT0 [57 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
PLEASE NOTE: For a more balanced view on Drovetti, see R. T. Ridley, Napoleon's Proconsul in Egypt: The life and times of Bernardino Drovetti. London: The Rubicon Press.
PLEASE NOTE: For a more balanced view on Drovetti, see R. T. Ridley, Napoleon's Proconsul in Egypt: The life and times of Bernardino Drovetti. London: The Rubicon Press.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC (Champollion Part 1): "The Mystery of the Rosetta Stone"; This video introduces the early years of and rivalry between... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC (Champollion Part 1): "The Mystery of the Rosetta Stone"; This video introduces the early years of and rivalry between Jean-François Champollion and Thomas Young in the early 1800s, in the advent of the race to decipher Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zdewWi-j4U [56 minutes]), and BBC (Champollion Part 2): "The Secrets of the Hieroglyphs"; This video continues coverage on Jean-François Champollion and Thomas Young’s study and decipherment of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, including a later expedition to Egypt by Champollion (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3r1XvzfRPU [57 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This video concentrates upon two interwoven aspects, namely Wallis Budge's obtaining the papyrus "Book of the Dead" in the late 1800s, and what the Book of the Dead represents. Hence, one could go through the video to search... more
ABSTRACT: This video concentrates upon two interwoven aspects, namely Wallis Budge's obtaining the papyrus "Book of the Dead" in the late 1800s, and what the Book of the Dead represents. Hence, one could go through the video to search for one of two things, either early Egyptologists and the rediscovery of Ancient Egypt, or an overview of a New Kingdom religious text pertaining to mortuary beliefs for private (and also royal) individuals in the New Kingdom and later periods. This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, History Channel: "The Egyptian Book of the Dead" (shown in-class; available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-F4LTjWRSQ [83 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: "Flinders Petrie: The Man Who Discovered Egypt" (shown in-class; also available online via http://movzap.com/3a8ycus4d5vx [52... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC: "Flinders Petrie: The Man Who Discovered Egypt" (shown in-class; also available online via http://movzap.com/3a8ycus4d5vx [52 minutes]; selected segments also appear via Youtube). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC (Howard Carter Part 1): "The Search for Tutankhamun"; This video covers the early realization in the late 1800s of the existence... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, BBC (Howard Carter Part 1): "The Search for Tutankhamun"; This video covers the early realization in the late 1800s of the existence of Tutankhamun, the excavation of the Valley of the Kings in the early 1900s, and Howard Carter’s discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BFUiE2MWR_8 [58 minutes]), and BBC (Howard Carter Part 2): "The Curse of Tutankhamun"; This video continues Howard Carter’s work in Tutankhamun’s tomb, including the compilation of a team of diverse specialists, the meticulous work required in recording, conserving, and removing items, and Carter’s political and administrative issues with the Egyptian Antiquities Organization and French officials (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aaNA4CRjNA [56 minutes]). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This lecture (nos.1-2) introduces the course (Anth.416/516), beginning with the instructor's background, key resources, the syllabus and course requirements, and continuing with sections on the geography and resources of Ancient... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture (nos.1-2) introduces the course (Anth.416/516), beginning with the instructor's background, key resources, the syllabus and course requirements, and continuing with sections on the geography and resources of Ancient Mesopotamia and adjacent regions. The lecture concludes with a summary of the main periods and timeline covered by the course, namely the Neolithic through Persian Empire. The course and this lecture represents a first time teaching of this topic by the instructor (Mumford), and will inevitably undergo many revisions and expansions as it proceeds through a second (Spring 2020) and third (Spring 2022) course offering. REVISED: 2020 adding 4 slides, revisions, etc.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, and 16 moreLandscape Archaeology, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mesopotamian history, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern History, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Zagros Mountains, Mesopotamia, Sealand, Tigris River, Euphrates, Taurus Mountains, and Tigris Euphrates Basin
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 3) focuses mainly upon the early to recent re-discovery, explorations, and excavations of Ancient Mesopotamia, starting with medieval to early Renaissance travelers, concentrating upon the 1800s to early... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 3) focuses mainly upon the early to recent re-discovery, explorations, and excavations of Ancient Mesopotamia, starting with medieval to early Renaissance travelers, concentrating upon the 1800s to early 1900s, and finishing with post- World War II and more recent times. The lecture then proceeds to introduce selected sources for study, including primary resources (translations/textual-pictorial sources; archaeological reports) and peer-reviewed and professional secondary sources. REVISED: Adding new text, 9 slides, new formatting, etc. (completed Spring 2020; uploaded in Fall 2020)
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, and 35 moreNear Eastern Studies, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Ottoman Empire, Ancient Near East, Babylon, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Cuneiform, Ancient Near Eastern History, Ancient chronology, Gertrude Bell, Warka, Nimrud, ERNEST ALFRED THOMPSON WALLIS BUDGE, Nineveh, Ashur Excavation, Henry Layard, Balawat Inscription, Robert Koldewey, C. Leonard Woolley, Carsten Niebuhr, Eridu, Walter Andrae, Paul Emile Botta, Henry Rawlinson, Victor Place, Behistun inscription, Hormuzd Rassam, claudius rich, William Loftus, captain Felix Jones, George Smith Deluge Tablet, Ernest de Sarzec, Seton Lloyd, Maxwell Mallowan, and ottoman empire 1800s
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides an overview of the prehistory through Neolithic Near East, starting with the end of the Ice Age (20,000–10,000 BCE) and transition to a warmer climate (ca. 10,000 BCE). It looks at incipient food production... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture provides an overview of the prehistory through Neolithic Near East, starting with the end of the Ice Age (20,000–10,000 BCE) and transition to a warmer climate (ca. 10,000 BCE). It looks at incipient food production (ca. 10,000–8,500 BCE), providing a summary of the Natufian culture (ca. 10.000-8,500 BCE) in Syria-Palestine (Levant), and proceeds to the sites and cultures of Cayonu Tepesi (& Askli Hoyuk) (ca. 9,400 BCE), Gobekli Tepe III-(I) (ca. 9,600 – 8,000 BCE), Nevali Cori (ca. 8,600 – 7,900 BCE), and some other little known sites similar to these (in the same region and a similar date range). The lecture looks next at the Zagros Mountain and foothills' region, focusing briefly on Zawi Chemi culture (PPN-A: ca. 9,000–8,000 BCE). In the next section, the remainder of the Neolithic Period (PPN.B-C and PN.A-B) is introduced (ca. 8,500/8,000–7,000; 7,000-5,400+ BCE), starting with an overview of Pre-Pottery Neolithic, moving next to looking at Pre-Pottery Neolithic Jericho. We shift to the Pottery Neolithic, reviewing the PN.A-B in the Levant, before shifting eastward to Mesopotamia. Regarding Mesopotamia, the area and time period are subdivided into several cultures. including Umm Dabaghiyeh, (b) Hassuna Culture, (c) Samarra Culture, Halaf Culture, and Hajji-Mohammed Culture / Early Ubaid culture. The next lecture will continue with Late Ubaid and Uruk cultures. Please note: This lecture still needs various additions, and will be refined for its 2020 offering (it has drawn on and modified selected parts of my Anth.340 and Anth.245 lectures on the Neolithic in Palestine and Anatolia in conjunction with many more added materials on the Mesopotamian Neolithic). REVISED Oct. 2020: Adding 17 new slides, revising text and re-formatting.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, and 23 moreMesopotamian Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Origins of Agriculture, Plant domestication (Prehistoric Archaeology), Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Animal domestication, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Göbekli Tepe, Natufian, Domestication, Natufian culture in the Levant, Halaf culture, Samarran Culture, Hassuna Culture, Halafian culture, Cayonu Tepesi, Nevali Cori, Zawi Chemi culture, Early Ubaid culture, Umm Dabaghiyeh, Tell al-Sawwan, and Arpachiyeh
ABSTRACT: This lecture begins with an overview of Ubaid Culture, especially during the Late Ubaid period, including temples (e.g., Eridu), housing, and material culture. It continues with an initial brief overview of Uruk Culture and... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture begins with an overview of Ubaid Culture, especially during the Late Ubaid period, including temples (e.g., Eridu), housing, and material culture. It continues with an initial brief overview of Uruk Culture and early urbanization in the Near East, summarizes some of the trends during the Uruk period, and then shifts to the Mid-Late Uruk period of expansion, including Susa (Southwest Iran), Gawra Culture (especially at Tepe Gawra), northern Mesopotamia (looking briefly at Tell Brak), and the Upper Euphrates. Starting with Habuba Kabira, Uruk culture's expansion and/or influence is examined further along the Upper Euphrates, visiting Hacinebi B, Hassek Hoyuk, Arslantepe, and Norsuntepe, while brief mention is made of the minimal Uruk culture contact and influence in the early Kura Araxes culture (eastern Anatolia; especially at Sos Hoyuk). This assessment of Uruk cultural contact and/or influence looks at Chalcolithic (Ghassulian) to Early Bronze Age I period Palestine, and late Predynastic through early Dynasty 1 Egypt. The overview switches briefly to viewing Egyptian contact with and influence in Palestine, Syria and possibly Mesopotamia during the Uruk period. REVISED: Adding 6 slides, new text, revised text and new formatting (completed Spring 2020, uploaded in Fall 2020).
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This lecture begins with an overview of the Jemdet Nasr period (ca. 3,100 – 2,900 BCE), looking at trends, the emergence of writing (including summing up briefly the prehistoric foundations), developments in art (particularly... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture begins with an overview of the Jemdet Nasr period (ca. 3,100 – 2,900 BCE), looking at trends, the emergence of writing (including summing up briefly the prehistoric foundations), developments in art (particularly that of early "rulers" portrayed in different roles), selected technologies, transportation, and religion, deities and rituals. The next section proceeds with the Early Dynastic Period (ca. 2,900 – 2,350 BCE), focusing mainly on Sumer and Akkad (Babylonia/southern Mesopotamia), looking at city states, social organization (especially the elite), city states and religion (e.g., patronage of temple cults and deities), Sumerian legends and history regarding the Early Dynastic period (e.g., Sumerian King List) and an extrapolated patchwork of contemporary textual-pictorial accounts regarding this turbulent period,. This overview continues with a glimpse at the late Early Dynastic, Royal cemetery at Ur, some palaces, temples, and art. The lecture concludes with Late Early Dynastic period trends and the end of the Early Dynastic period in Southern Mesopotamia. The NEXT lecture (no. 7) will continue with a view of areas outside southern Mesopotamia, including SW Iran (Elam), the Zagros Mts., Indus Valley, Northern Mesopotamia, Eastern Anatolia, Syria, and Palestine, looking at some of the Sumerian exports and influences, plus some exports to Sumer, within these various regions.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Near East, and 33 moreAncient Near Eastern Languages, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern Art, Cuneiform, Ancient Near Eastern History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Early Dynastic Sumer, Gilgamesh Epic, Enlil, Ancient Near Eastern Religions, Sumer, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Nippur, Royal cemetery at Ur, Inanna, Human Sacrifice, Akkad, Ancient Temples, Palaces, Epic of Gilgamesh, Ancient transportation, Ancient Tin Sources, Lugalzagesi, Enki, Eridu, Queen Puabi, Jemdet Nasr, Shamash, Lagash, Khafajah, Tell Asmar, Royal Cemetery of Ur, Meskalamdug, and Urnanshe
ABSTRACT: This lecture continues from lecture 6 (which focused on Early Dynastic Sumer & Akkad), and examines various geographic and cultural areas beyond southern Mesopotamia, ca, 2,900 - 2,350 BC. Brief overviews are provided starting... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture continues from lecture 6 (which focused on Early Dynastic Sumer & Akkad), and examines various geographic and cultural areas beyond southern Mesopotamia, ca, 2,900 - 2,350 BC. Brief overviews are provided starting with Southwest Iran (Proto-Elamite culture), the Zagros Mountains and Iranian Plateau to the east, and links with the Indus Valley (Harappan Culture: ancient Meluha) via the Persian/Arabian Gulf (e.g., ancient Dilmun & Magan). The focus switches to northern Mesopotamia (e.g., Ninevite 5 and Metallic greay ware cultures), the Transcaucasian region (Kura-Araxes culture), east Central Anatolia (e.g., Arslantepe; Norsuntepe), and Southeast Anatolia (i.e., northern fringe of Syria), and Cilicia. An overview is then provided regarding the kingdoms of Mari (Euphrates) and Ebla in western Syria, plus an overview of Palestine during the Early Bronze Age, with a more specific summary of the interconnections between these regions and Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. The lecture ends with a summation of the collapse of the Early Bronze Age III in the Levant in particular, ca. 2,300 - 2,200 BCE. The end-of-lecture summary has yet to be completed, but may await the second offering of this course in Spring 2020.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, and 25 moreAncient Near East, Archaeology of Oman, Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern Art, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Indus Valley Civilization, Ancient Near Eastern History, Meluhha, Ebla, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Proto-Elamite Period, Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant, Kura-Araxes Culture, Tepe Yahya, Early Bronze Age Syria, Ninevite 5 Period, Mari-Tell Hariri (Syria), Godin Tepe, Dilmun, Scarlet Ware, Metallic grey ware, Zanzibar copal, Tell Gubba, and Tell Razuk (Mesopotamia)
ABSTRACT: This lecture proceeds with covering the Akkadian through Neo-Sumerian periods (ca. 2,334/2,288 - 2,000 BCE). It starts with a brief reminder regarding the wide range in absolute dates for 3rd through 2nd millennium BCE... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture proceeds with covering the Akkadian through Neo-Sumerian periods (ca. 2,334/2,288 - 2,000 BCE). It starts with a brief reminder regarding the wide range in absolute dates for 3rd through 2nd millennium BCE Mesopotamia and a quick overview of the foundations of the Akkadian Empire. The lecture turns to the Akkadian Empire, beginning with Sargon, and continuing with the reigns of Rimush, Manishtushu, Naram-Sin, and Shar-Kali-Sharri, and then concludes with a summary of trends for the last kings of Agade/Akkad. The next section incorporates some discussion of the "Gutian Period," during which Gudea of Lagash is covered briefly (but to be expanded in future). The next section concerns the Third Dynasty of Ur (also termed the Neo-Sumerian period), and concentrates on Ur-Nammu, Shulgi, Amar-Sin / Amar-Suen, Shu-Sin, and Ibbi-Sin. Other aspects of the preceding Akkadian through Ur III periods are dealt with in several overviews, including the rise of Elam & the Elamites, the Amorites (including references to an attempt to prevent their infiltration by creating a huge ditch and earthworks), the Hurrians, the Kingdom of Mari, and the Kingdom of Ebla. The lecture concludes with an examination of Southeast Anatolia and Palestine during the late EB Age (EB IV/MB I), with a particular focus upon interactions with and influences from Mesopotamia.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, and 44 moreBorder Studies, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Mesopotamia History, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near Eastern Languages, Nomadic Peoples, Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern Art, Neo-Sumerian Studies, Ancient Near Eastern History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Imperialism, Amorites, Borders and Frontiers, The Construction of Earthworks, Ebla, Ancient Near Eastern Religions, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Gudea, Early Bronze Age Syria, Ancient Nomads, Sargon of Akkad, Rimush, Naram-Sin, Uruk, Ur III period, Sumer, Akkad, Ur III, Akkadian Empire, Elamite civilization, History of the Neo-Sumerian Period, Lugalzagesi, Hurrians, Shulgi, Amar-Suena King of Ur, Manishtushu, Lagash, Gutians (Mesopotamia), Shar-kali-shari, Ur-Nammu, Shu-Sin, Ibbi-Sin (of Ur), border infiltration, and amorite wall
ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses mainly upon Mesopotamia and Syria during the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2,000 - 1,550 BCE), which translate into the Isin-Larsa period to Old Babylonian period. The lecture begins with a brief overview on the... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses mainly upon Mesopotamia and Syria during the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2,000 - 1,550 BCE), which translate into the Isin-Larsa period to Old Babylonian period. The lecture begins with a brief overview on the emergence of the Middle Bronze Age in this region, and the main sources for assessing the Middle Bronze Age. It proceeds to the Isin-Larsa period, looking at the kingdom of Isin, the kingdom of Larsa, and selected other City states during the Isin-Larsa period (ca. 2017–1763 BC) in southern Mesopotamia. The lecture shifts north to examine the kingdom of Eshnunna, the kingdom of Ashur (including a brief introduction to the Old Assyrian trade with Anatolia [covered more extensively in the next lecture]), and the kingdom of Mari. This section is concluded by an overview of trade and influence between the Near East and Dilmun, Magan and Meluhha during the MB Age. The lecture then moves to the advent of Hammurabi's reign and the Old Babylonian Empire. This section also looks at later rulers, including Samsu-iluna (ca. 1749 - 1712 BC), Ammisaduqa (ca. 1646 – 1626 BC), and Samsuditana (ca. 1625 – 1595 BC). The lecture ends with a brief look at the transition from the Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age. ADDED NOTE: Slight revision with trade section and two added slides.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, and 16 moreNear Eastern Studies, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Mesopotamia History, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Dilmun (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern History, Meluhha, Trading between Dilmun and Mesopotamia, Hammurabi, Isin-Larsa Period, The Code of Hammurabi, Dilmun, Eshnunna (Tell Asmar), Hammurabi (King of Babylon), and Laws of Hammurabi
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 10) furnishes a view of the Middle Bronze Age Near East --(and Egypt briefly)-- outside Mesopotamia. It first provides a brief summary and background regarding Middle Bronze Age eastern Syria and Mesopotamia... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 10) furnishes a view of the Middle Bronze Age Near East --(and Egypt briefly)-- outside Mesopotamia. It first provides a brief summary and background regarding Middle Bronze Age eastern Syria and Mesopotamia (as a review of lecture 9) and then proceeds with Syro-Mesopotamian interconnections with Anatolia during the Middle Bronze Age. In this section I draw upon the pertinent parts of another course lecture (I teach) on MB Age Anatolia, namely an overview of the Anatolian Middle Bronze Age and international relations (mainly Old Assyrian trade) with Kultepe-Kanesh, the role of Assyrians (and Syria-Mesopotamia) with other Anatolian communities in the central plateau region, some Syro-Mesopotamian influence in Anatolian Material culture, and the end of MB Age Anatolia and the collapse of Assyrian trade. The next section draws upon several pertinent lectures from my "Bible Lands" (Archaeology of Syria-Palestine) and Egypt courses, looking at Syro-Mesopotamian interconnections with Canaan (mainly Palestine) in the MB Age, including an emphasis upon Syro-Mesopotamian influence in Canaan, similarities and connections in fortifications and related aspects, in palace and elite architecture, in temple architecture, fittings and votives, in elite/royal tombs and burials, in southern Levantine material culture, and in language and writing. This section also examines some Middle Kingdom to Second Intermediate Period Egyptian relations with and influence in Palestine and Syria during the MB Age via literature (e.g., Story of Sinuhe), inscriptions (e.g., Execration Texts), historical texts (e.g., royal and private), and archaeological data. This section concludes with a very brief overview of some Canaanite presence and influence in Middle Kingdom to Second Intermediate Period Egypt (e.g., Avaris). The last section covers the end of the Middle Bronze Age, ca. 1,550 BC, in the Near East.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, and 23 moreAnatolian Studies, Anatolian Archaeology, Anatolian History, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near Eastern Languages, Hyksos, Anatolia, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Cultural Intermediaries, Ancient Near Eastern Art, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Middle Bronze Age, Ancient Anatolia, Ancient Near Eastern History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Old Assyrian Karu/Colony Period in Anatolia, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Middle Bronze Age Syria, History and Archaeology of Canaan, Cross-cultural exchanges, Cross-cultural Exchange, and Kültepe/Kanesh
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 11) begins with a brief consideration of the various textual-pictorial and archaeological sources for, biases in, and approaches to reconstructing LB Age cross-cultural relations. It continues with an overview... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 11) begins with a brief consideration of the various textual-pictorial and archaeological sources for, biases in, and approaches to reconstructing LB Age cross-cultural relations. It continues with an overview of the political landscape of the East Mediterranean and Near East during this period, and then the different chronologies and cross-cultural comparisons during the Late Bronze Age. The next section entails selected historical and archaeological data (especially the Amarna Letters) regarding the diverse relations between the East Mediterranean and Near East, including Egypt’s New Kingdom relations with Near Eastern states and peoples, vassal city-states (in Egypt's northern, Canaanite empire), and contact with neighbouring peoples, kingdoms and empires (e.g., the Aegean; Arzawa; Hatti; Cyprus [Alashiya]; Mitanni; Assyria; and Babylonia). The lecture proceeds with assessing maritime and some overland trade with and between neighbouring states and peoples by looking at the Uluburun and Cape Gelidoniya shipwrecks (off the coast of southwest Turkey) and the Red Sea and overland connections with Punt and Arabia during the Late Bronze Age. This lecture draws upon selected materials (i.e., ppt. slides) extracted, re-formatted, and revised from other courses I teach (e.g., Anth.310: Imperial & post-imperial Egypt; Anth.340: Archaeology & history of Bible Lands), plus the addition of new materials and a re-organization of the presentation to follow the course textbook's coverage of the Ancient Near East during the LB Age. A later lecture will focus on Mesopotamia itself (e.g., Assyria; Babylonia; Elam).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, and 30 moreNear Eastern Studies, Anatolian Studies, International Trade, Levantine Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology, Cross-Cultural Studies, Ancient Near East, Amarna Letters, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), History of Diplomacy, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Ancient trade (Archaeology), Ancient Anatolia, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age, 1) cultural interconnections and trade (Egypt and Levant), Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ramesses III, Arabian Peninsula in Antiquity, ancient Red sea ports, Ancient Trade Routes, Archaeology of the Levant, Cape Gelidonya, Red Sea Trade, and Ulu Burun
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 12) begins with a summary of the different, contemporary Late Bronze Age chronologies and rulers of Egypt and Near Eastern States. It continues with a substantial section focusing upon Egypt's New Kingdom... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 12) begins with a summary of the different, contemporary Late Bronze Age chronologies and rulers of Egypt and Near Eastern States. It continues with a substantial section focusing upon Egypt's New Kingdom historical and archaeological presence in the Levant during the LB through Iron 1A periods (1550-1150 BCE): Late Bronze Age 1A (1550-1470 BCE), LB 1B (1470-1400 BCE), LB IIA (1400-1300 BCE), LB IIB (1300-1200 BCE), and Iron IA (1200-1150 BCE), each of which is subdivided into various military campaigns and other activities and influences by individual, New Kingdom pharaohs. This chronological coverage is followed by an overview of these historical events summarized by the impact of both individual military campaigns and activities and their clustering into the main subdivisions during the LB Age to Iron 1A, plus an assessment of the comparative dispersal of Egyptian royal name items to the Near East expressed by annual averages and by the main subdivisions during the LB Age to Iron 1A periods. This infrastructure of Egypt's northern empire is examined, as are the different ethnic groups composing Canaan (e.g., Canaanites; Hurrians; 'Apiru; Shasu), and the significance of Canaan to Egypt. The next major section summarizes different aspects of the Levant, especially regarding Syro-Mesopotamian features and influences, looking at settlement patterns, occupation history at sites, fortifications, town planning, palaces, elite homes, and migdol temples; and continuing with an overview of selected pottery types, metallurgy, art and decoration, sculpture, glyptic art (seals), ivory carving, metal artwork, clay sculpture, writing (language and literature), and mortuary religion (i.e., burial customs). The last section looks at the Hittites and the Near East (especially Syria), ca. 1550 – 1200 BCE, starting with a brief summary of the Hittite Old Kingdom (ca. 1650–1500 BCE) and "Middle" Kingdom (1500 – 1420 BCE), and focusing upon the Hittite Empire (New Kingdom) from 1420–1205+? BCE, particularly emphasizing interactions with Syria-Mesopotamia, and Egypt --where pertinent (e.g., Battle of Kadesh). This coverage adds a look at Hittite religion, mortuary practices, and art and architecture in relation to the Near East in general, plus a discussion of Hittite trade and exchange with its neighbours. This lecture follows the course textbook in many areas, and draws upon (selectively) and re-formats and augments the instructor's existing lectures on New Kingdom Egypt (Anth.310), Late Bronze Age Canaan (Anth.340), and Late Bronze Age Anatolia (Anth.245), with some new materials as well as major reformatting to follow this course's subject area and coverage.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, and 21 moreLevantine Archaeology, Hittite, Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, Ancient Near Eastern History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Hittite archaeology, The Hittites, Foreign relations during Ancient Egypt`s New Kingdom, History and Archaeology of Canaan, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Archaeology of the Levant, New Kingdom Egyptian Warfare, Hurrian Culture, Shasu, and Apiru Bedu Hapiru Bedu (Late Bronze Age Canaan)
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 13) covers the events leading up to the "collapse" of the Late Bronze Age in the East Mediterranean and Near East, ca. 1200 BCE (or 1177 BCE): The lecture begins with a brief perspective from Ancient Egypt,... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 13) covers the events leading up to the "collapse" of the Late Bronze Age in the East Mediterranean and Near East, ca. 1200 BCE (or 1177 BCE): The lecture begins with a brief perspective from Ancient Egypt, namely Ramesses III's inscriptions from Medinet Habu, and then proceeds to look at the overall developments in the Aegean (especially the Mycenaeans), Anatolia (primarily the Hittite Empire), the northern Levant (particularly Cyprus and Ugarit), and the southern Levant (Egypt's northern Empire [temp. Ramesses III]). The lecture turns to cover the aftermath of the Sea Peoples’ movements against Egypt and Canaan (during Ramesses III's reign), the Iron Age IA (1200–1150 BCE) period of Egypt's dwindling northern Empire. The lecture looks next at the later Iron Age I (i.e., Iron 1B: ca. 1150-1000 BCE) in Canaan, furnishing a look at the legacy of the Canaanites, the Peleset (Philistines) and other elusive “Sea Peoples” in the Near East, plus a brief overview of the emergence of the early Israelites in the southern Levant. NOTE: Many materials are drawn from other lectures from courses I teach that touch on this topic (Anth.240: The Aegean & Anatolia; Anth.310: Imperial Egypt; Anth.340: Bible Lands), but I have also updated many sections with new materials from a recent article (publication pending Fall 2018). I also provide a selected bibliography at the end of the lecture.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, and 22 moreLevantine Archaeology, Cypriot Archaeology, Cyprus Studies, Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Aegean Archaeology, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Aegean Late Bronze Age, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Hittite archaeology, Philistines, The Hittites, Sea Peoples, Hittites, Ugarit, Ancient Israelites, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, and Bronze Age Collapse
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 14) looks at four eastern regions of the Near East during the Late Bronze Age, namely (1) the Kingdom of Mittani/Maitani (also termed Nahrin, Naharin, the “Land of the Hurrians,” and Hanigalbat), (2) the... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 14) looks at four eastern regions of the Near East during the Late Bronze Age, namely (1) the Kingdom of Mittani/Maitani (also termed Nahrin, Naharin, the “Land of the Hurrians,” and Hanigalbat), (2) the Kingdom of Assyria, (3) the Kingdom of Kassite Babylonia (Third Dynasty of Babylon …), and (4) Elam and the Elamites (Susa and Anshan …). The "Sea Peoples" movements, raids, and settlement (see last lecture: no.13) do not really affect these regions directly --(other than the ripple effect via changing polities, new hybrid societies, some changing trade networks and commodities)-- and the kingdom of Assyria survives, albeit entering into a "Dark Age" of sorts (see next lecture: no. 15). In future course offerings, this lecture will be augmented significantly, but the current materials offer a basic look at the Late Bronze Age within Mesopotamia and related regions.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, and 26 moreMesopotamian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hurrian, Assyria, Babylon, Elamite, Elam, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Assyrian archaeology, Assyrian Empire, Assyrian Studies, The archaeology of Mitanni, Ancient Near Eastern History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Kassites, Mesopotamia, Middle Assyrian period, Elamite studies, Mitanni, Near East Ancient Babylonian Kassites, Hanigalbat, Chogha Zanbil, Art of Kassites, Kassite History, Mittani, and Kassite period
ABSTRACT: The following lecture (no. 15) begins with a summary of the nature of a "Dark Age" covering Mesopotamia and adjacent regions, namely a period of roughly three centuries from ca. 1200-900 BCE. Despite a decrease in... more
ABSTRACT: The following lecture (no. 15) begins with a summary of the nature of a "Dark Age" covering Mesopotamia and adjacent regions, namely a period of roughly three centuries from ca. 1200-900 BCE. Despite a decrease in textual-pictorial sources, some Assyrian kings are better known and revitalized Assyria briefly, including Tiglath-pileser I (1114-1076 BCE). The lecture proceeds next to cover the Neo-Assyrian period/empire, the advent of which is usually equated with King Ashur-dan II (ca. 934–912 BCE). The remainder of the lecture provides a summary of the achievements of and events affiliated with a sequence of 18 Assyrian rulers --in relation to Babylonia, Elam, and other lands (e.g., the Levant): Adad-Nirari II (911–891 BC); Tukulti-Ninurta II (890–884 BC); Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 BC); Shalmaneser III (858-824 BC); Shamsi-Adad V (823-811 BC); Adad-nirari III (810-783 BC); Shalmaneser IV (782-773 BC); Ashur-Dan III (772-755 BC); Ashur-Nirari V (754-745 BC); Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 BC); Shalmaneser V (726-722 BC); Sargon II (721-705 BC); Sennacherib (704-681 BC); Esarhaddon (681/680-669 BC); Ashurbanipal (668-?627 BC); Ashur-Etelli-ilani (?627-?624 BC); Sin-Sharra-Ishkun (?623-612 BC); and Ashur-uballit II (612-610 BC). The lecture concludes with the last years in which an allied Egyptian (Saite) army and Assyrian force holdout in West Syria (610-605 BC) prior to the Neo-Babylonian's final defeat of this residual Neo-Assyrian-Egyptian alliance in 605 BC.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, and 25 moreLevantine Archaeology, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Mesopotamia History, Empires, Ancient Near East, History of Imperialism, Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Assyrian Empire, Saite Period, Neo-Assyrian studies, Ancient Warfare, Ancient Near Eastern History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Ashurbanipal, Esarhaddon, tiglath-pileser III, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Sennacherib & Neo Assyrian Empire, Archaeology of the Levant, Elamite civilization, Shalmaneser III, sargon II, and Kushite and Saite Periods
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 16) covers the Neo-Babylonian Empire, starting with the transitory reign of King Nabopolassar (Nabu-apla-usur) (ca. 626/625-605 BC), an individual who began as an official serving the Assyrians and gradually... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture (no. 16) covers the Neo-Babylonian Empire, starting with the transitory reign of King Nabopolassar (Nabu-apla-usur) (ca. 626/625-605 BC), an individual who began as an official serving the Assyrians and gradually became independent, initiating a small kingdom in southern Babylonia that grew into an autonomous Babylonian kingdom and then challenged and ultimately defeated the Assyrian Empire by 610 BCE. The lecture proceeds with a brief coverage of his son, King Nebuchadnezzar II (Nabu-kudurru-usur; 604-562 BC), and a series of other Neo-Babylonian rulers: King Amel-Marduk (biblical: Evil-Merodach; ca. 561-560 BC), King Nergal-Shar-Usur (Neriglissar; Nergal-sherezer; ca. 559-556 BC), King Labashi-Marduk (ca. 555 BC), and King Nabonidus (ca. 555-539 BC), the latter of whom lost his kingdom to Cyrus II (the Great), who incorporated the Neo-Babylonian Empire into the expanding Persian Empire. Please Note: This lecture will also be expanded in future course revisions/offerings.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, and 27 moreLevantine Archaeology, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Mesopotamia History, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Jerusalem, Ancient Near Eastern History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Neo-Babylonian period, Siege Warfare, Arabian Peninsula in Antiquity, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Jerusalem Archaeology, Neo Babylonian Empire, Archaeology of the Levant, Egyptian-Levantine Relations, Fall of Assyria, Lachish letters, Nabonidus, Hamath, Nebuchadnezzar, Lachish, Merodach-baladan, Kushite and Saite Periods, Carchemish, Nebuchadnezzar II, and Nabopolassar
ABSTRACT: This lecture is normally shown in two separate lectures in my Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt course (Anth.310), posted elsewhere in my Academia courses. I have placed it here for convenience (in the Mesopotamia/Ancient Near... more
ABSTRACT: This lecture is normally shown in two separate lectures in my Imperial and Post-Imperial Egypt course (Anth.310), posted elsewhere in my Academia courses. I have placed it here for convenience (in the Mesopotamia/Ancient Near East course section on the Persian Empire). I will be creating another lecture (no. 18), in the following year, dealing with a summary of the Persian Empire within the Near East for future offerings of this course.
Research Interests:
COURSE DESCRIPTION (updated and expanded): “War & Peace in Ancient Mesopotamia” (ca. 10,000 - 323 BCE) begins with an introduction to the advent of farming, urban life, various crafts, writing, and other innovations in the region of the... more
COURSE DESCRIPTION (updated and expanded):
“War & Peace in Ancient Mesopotamia” (ca. 10,000 - 323 BCE) begins with an introduction to the advent of farming, urban life, various crafts, writing, and other innovations in the region of the "Two Rivers," namely the Tigris and Euphrates' flood plain. It proceeds with the rise and fall of early state complex societies and empires in the Bronze and Iron Ages, and terminates in the Persian period. Although providing much focus on diverse issues dealing with war, alliances, diplomacy, treaties, and peace, this course also integrates a comprehensive background context and overview of other aspects of past societies in this region, including history, archaeology, language, literature, religion, architecture, art, material culture, and trade. The course material is introductory, with no specific prerequisite, but a prior enrolment in either ANTH.245 (Peoples of the Mediterranean), or ANTH.340 (Archaeology & History of Bible Lands), is helpful since these courses introduce past societies from contemporary, adjacent regions frequently in direct contact with Ancient Mesopotamia.
OVERALL COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This course aims (1) to educate students in the broad archaeological, cultural, and related developments in Ancient Mesopotamia and selected adjacent regions, including various key issues, from 10,000 BCE to 332 BCE, with the addition of historical data in pertinent periods. The documentaries and written responses serve (2) to illustrate and reinforce selected time periods and topics, providing visual references, specialist views, and general narration. (3). The in-class seminars and (4) class member presentations are designed to provide students with more in-depth understanding regarding key concepts and subject materials, and experience in presenting one’s essay research and results. The mid-term and end-of-term examinations, accompanied by pre-posted, focus-learning guides, should (5) aid students in focusing upon, comprehending, and memorizing the most salient data and broader trends that characterize each period’s time span (within the Neolithic to 323 BCE area coverage), including society, architecture, material culture, technology, art, religion, and other aspects. The research essay enables students (6) to explore in more depth and in a more critical fashion a topic of interest not covered in sufficient detail in class, including guidance and feedback to assist in learning and refining the composition of college essays. This course also aims (7) to provide a sufficiently comprehensive overview as a “gateway” course to allow students to assess whether they wish to pursue more advanced studies regarding this cultural area, period, or a related aspect.
ADDED RESOURCE LIST: The syllabus contains an updated temporary extensive list of key resources being compiled in Sterne Library (UAB), which include a listing of reviewed documentaries, lectures (mostly from the Great Courses), books, articles, and other materials. These materials are being transferred into a separate, larger resource guide to aid students in using and optimizing the fledgling Sterne Library collections on the Ancient Near East: Arabia, Mesopotamia, Levant, Anatolia, Iran, and a bit on the Indus Valley as well.
“War & Peace in Ancient Mesopotamia” (ca. 10,000 - 323 BCE) begins with an introduction to the advent of farming, urban life, various crafts, writing, and other innovations in the region of the "Two Rivers," namely the Tigris and Euphrates' flood plain. It proceeds with the rise and fall of early state complex societies and empires in the Bronze and Iron Ages, and terminates in the Persian period. Although providing much focus on diverse issues dealing with war, alliances, diplomacy, treaties, and peace, this course also integrates a comprehensive background context and overview of other aspects of past societies in this region, including history, archaeology, language, literature, religion, architecture, art, material culture, and trade. The course material is introductory, with no specific prerequisite, but a prior enrolment in either ANTH.245 (Peoples of the Mediterranean), or ANTH.340 (Archaeology & History of Bible Lands), is helpful since these courses introduce past societies from contemporary, adjacent regions frequently in direct contact with Ancient Mesopotamia.
OVERALL COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This course aims (1) to educate students in the broad archaeological, cultural, and related developments in Ancient Mesopotamia and selected adjacent regions, including various key issues, from 10,000 BCE to 332 BCE, with the addition of historical data in pertinent periods. The documentaries and written responses serve (2) to illustrate and reinforce selected time periods and topics, providing visual references, specialist views, and general narration. (3). The in-class seminars and (4) class member presentations are designed to provide students with more in-depth understanding regarding key concepts and subject materials, and experience in presenting one’s essay research and results. The mid-term and end-of-term examinations, accompanied by pre-posted, focus-learning guides, should (5) aid students in focusing upon, comprehending, and memorizing the most salient data and broader trends that characterize each period’s time span (within the Neolithic to 323 BCE area coverage), including society, architecture, material culture, technology, art, religion, and other aspects. The research essay enables students (6) to explore in more depth and in a more critical fashion a topic of interest not covered in sufficient detail in class, including guidance and feedback to assist in learning and refining the composition of college essays. This course also aims (7) to provide a sufficiently comprehensive overview as a “gateway” course to allow students to assess whether they wish to pursue more advanced studies regarding this cultural area, period, or a related aspect.
ADDED RESOURCE LIST: The syllabus contains an updated temporary extensive list of key resources being compiled in Sterne Library (UAB), which include a listing of reviewed documentaries, lectures (mostly from the Great Courses), books, articles, and other materials. These materials are being transferred into a separate, larger resource guide to aid students in using and optimizing the fledgling Sterne Library collections on the Ancient Near East: Arabia, Mesopotamia, Levant, Anatolia, Iran, and a bit on the Indus Valley as well.
Research Interests: History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Anatolian Archaeology, and 20 moreMesopotamian Archaeology, Mesopotamia History, Achaemenid Persia, Ancient Near East, Ancient Persia, Assyria, Sumerian & Akkadian literature, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Old Babylonian period, Assyrian archaeology, Assyrian Empire, Neo-Assyrian studies, Indus Valley Civilization, Ancient Near Eastern History, Neo-Babylonian period, Mesopotamia, Sumer, History of Pre-Islamic Arabia, Ancient Near East, Ancient Syria, and Ancient Syria and Northern Mesopotamia
ABSTRACT: This guide serves as a recently completed aid in studying for Test-1, which covers Ancient Mesopotamia and adjacent regions from Prehistory through the Early Bronze Age (ca. 10,000 - 2,000 BCE).
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT: This guide serves as a preliminary aid in studying for Test-2, which covers Ancient Mesopotamia and adjacent regions from the Middle Bronze Age through the Persian Period (ca. 2,000-323 BCE). In future a series of summary notes... more
ABSTRACT: This guide serves as a preliminary aid in studying for Test-2, which covers Ancient Mesopotamia and adjacent regions from the Middle Bronze Age through the Persian Period (ca. 2,000-323 BCE). In future a series of summary notes will be added to each period to aid in concentrating upon the main points per period.
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains 50 sequential questions drawn from the TimeLife documentary, "Mesopotamia: Return to Eden" (episode 1 in the TimeLife series on Lost Civilizations, 1995), and a reflection question at the... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains 50 sequential questions drawn from the TimeLife documentary, "Mesopotamia: Return to Eden" (episode 1 in the TimeLife series on Lost Civilizations, 1995), and a reflection question at the end. The question sheet aids in furnishing a summary of the documentary's coverage and sequence of specific topics. The documentary is a little dated, but it does provide an overview of some early exploration, excavation, discoveries (e.g., Leonard Woolley and Ur), and other issues relating to the emergence of Near Eastern Archaeology and some questions and topics of interest to a broad audience (e.g., Eden; Flood Story and Epic of Gilgamesh; Tower of Babel; Hammurabi's Law Code; Moabite Stone; Assyrian siege of Lachish; Dead Sea Scrolls). It looks at Neo-Babylonia, the fall of Jerusalem and Exilic period (586+ BC), the compilation of biblical texts in Babylon, the Assyrians, the Sumerians, and the postulated location of "Eden" (perhaps fitting ancient Dilmun). For a more thorough treatment on this, see Susan Pollock, 1999. Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden that Never Was. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. YouTube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6tGyQqfXoSw
Research Interests: Mesopotamian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Documentary Film, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), and 22 moreDilmun (Archaeology), Assyrian Empire, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Neo-Babylonian period, Mesopotamia, Sumer, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Qumran biblical scrolls, Tower of Babel, Garden of Eden, Nineveh, Biblical Flood, Epic of Gilgamesh, Hezekiah, King of Judah, The Code of Hammurabi, C. Leonard Woolley, Sumerian Flood Story, Bahrein, Sennacherib's 701 campaign, Laws of Hammurabi, Moabite Stone, and royal burials of Ur
ABSTRACT: In relation to the early influences of biblical texts in the emerging exploration and archaeology of Ancient Mesopotamia, this documentary -(including multiple interviewed specialists)-- assesses biblical texts, similarities... more
ABSTRACT: In relation to the early influences of biblical texts in the emerging exploration and archaeology of Ancient Mesopotamia, this documentary -(including multiple interviewed specialists)-- assesses biblical texts, similarities and differing details within various biblical and other tales (e.g., Adam and Eve; Lilith; Eden; Deluge/Flood), and the quest for Prester John, the Fountain of Youth, and Eden. It looks at the decipherment of cuneiform (Rawlinson), George Smith's discovery of the Mesopotamian Gilgamesh Epic in relation to biblical accounts about Eden/Paradise, the Flood Story, Creation myths, etc. It also examines postulated locations for "Eden" (see Zarins), such as ancient Sumeria, Dilmun, and (in passing) the Black Sea. In essence, it helps place the emergence of the study of Ancient Mesopotamia (and the Near East) in its broader context and perspective, introduces a few issues in studying both biblical and extra-biblical texts, and is a useful aid (via its narrative, specialist interviews and visuals) for introducing students and the public to one aspect of Ancient Mesopotamia and Near Eastern Studies. A recommendation to and/or summation of S. Pollock's book (1999. Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden that Never Was), is a crucial component to placing such documentaries in a broader and more scholarly perspective. Youtube LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbJ7Pc4_79c The question sheet aids in furnishing a summary of the documentary's coverage and sequence of specific topics.
Research Interests: Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Writing Systems & Decipherment, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, and 11 moreDocumentary Film, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Gilgamesh Epic, Creation myths, Sumer, Prester John, Garden of Eden, Biblical Deluge, Dilmun, Henry Rawlinson, and George Smith Deluge Tablet
ABSTRACT: This documentary (no. 3) contains mainly a series of hypothetical and chronological reenactments, following a few (fictional) family lineages across centuries and millennia, from early hunter-gatherers ca. 12,000 BP (10,000 BCE)... more
ABSTRACT: This documentary (no. 3) contains mainly a series of hypothetical and chronological reenactments, following a few (fictional) family lineages across centuries and millennia, from early hunter-gatherers ca. 12,000 BP (10,000 BCE) to early sedentary hunter-gatherer folks ca. 9,000 BP (7,000 BCE), tribal societies and chiefdoms (a bit later in the sequence), and early cities ca. 5,500+ BP (3,500 BCE in the documentary: Uruk phase in Mesopotamia). The question sheet aids in furnishing a summary of the documentary's coverage and sequence of specific topics. The reenactments are interwoven with narrative and accompanied by selected interviews with and commentaries by a number of specialists (e.g., Bar-Yosef; George Willcox; Jean Guilaine; Yves Coppens; Ian Hodder; Jean Denis Vigne; Philippe Andrieux; Jean Marie Durand), aiding in following a sequence of archaeological data, theories, and broader extrapolations (and sometimes less convincing scenarios) regarding the rise of agriculture and animal husbandry, the emergence of urban societies, and various other key innovations (e.g., metal working; writing). The documentary is a fairly decent visualization, albeit a major condensation and simplification (with a few technical errors in the narration/film: e.g., chronological misplacement of a chariot scene [presumably drawing upon the much later Ur III wagon depictions, or maybe even 4th millennium BCE+ European carts and wagons]), of the complex mechanisms and processes of change from the Neolithic through rise of early urban societies in the Ancient Near East (Despite some reservations, I'm using it in an introductory, college level survey of the Ancient Near East).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, and 13 moreNear Eastern Studies, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Urbanization, Documentary Film, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Prehistory, Early Urbanization, Uruk Period, Ancient Near Eastern Religions, Sumer, and Çatal Hüyük
ABSTRACT: Documentary no.4: National Geographic: Egypt's Lost Rival (Qatna) (45 minutes). Note: The narrator in this documentary tends to over simplify, generalize and aggrandize things. However, the various specialists and overall... more
ABSTRACT: Documentary no.4: National Geographic: Egypt's Lost Rival (Qatna) (45 minutes). Note: The narrator in this documentary tends to over simplify, generalize and aggrandize things. However, the various specialists and overall coverage are quite good and form a decent counterbalance. The documentary actually spans both Middle Bronze Age and Late Bronze Age Qatna –a Canaanite city-state and powerful kingdom located in Syria. NOTE: I formerly showed this documentary in my Archaeology & History of the Bible Lands' course (Anth.340: ca. 10,000 - 586 BCE), but have since shifted it to a new course on Ancient Mesopotamia (Anth.416/516). The question sheet aids in furnishing a summary of the documentary's coverage and sequence of specific topics. The
documentary looks at the palace complex (e.g., architectural layout; tablets; elephant bones), subterranean royal burials (virtually intact), trade relations (including Baltic amber), and the destruction of Qatna (e.g., burnt down palace) --looking at potential enemies (e.g., Egypt and Hatti), and ending with a look at tablets from Qatna that reveal a pending Hittite attack.
documentary looks at the palace complex (e.g., architectural layout; tablets; elephant bones), subterranean royal burials (virtually intact), trade relations (including Baltic amber), and the destruction of Qatna (e.g., burnt down palace) --looking at potential enemies (e.g., Egypt and Hatti), and ending with a look at tablets from Qatna that reveal a pending Hittite attack.
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, and 28 moreNear Eastern Studies, Levantine Archaeology, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Documentary Film, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, Ancient Near Eastern History, Amber, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Elephants, Late Bronze Age, Qatna, Middle and Late Bronze Age, The Hittites, Late Bronze Age Near East and Eastern Mediterranean, Bronze Age Amber Trade, Hittites, Middle Bronze Age Syria, History and Archaeology of Canaan, Sarcophagus, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Baltic amber, Rock-cut Tombs, Rock-Cut Chamber Tombs, Palaces, and Elite Burials
ABSTRACT: The following 160 questions follow the documentary (no.5), Cinema Epoch, 2004. The Hittites: A Civilization that Changed the World (120 min.). The question sheet aids in furnishing a summary of the documentary's coverage and... more
ABSTRACT: The following 160 questions follow the documentary (no.5), Cinema Epoch, 2004. The Hittites: A Civilization that Changed the World (120 min.). The question sheet aids in furnishing a summary of the documentary's coverage and sequence of specific topics. This documentary combines a series of interviews with many excellent and leading specialists in the Hittites, Egypt's relations with the Hitttites, and uses on-site visits to the actual monuments and sites. It interweaves very good re-enactments, sets, and visuals in general (attempting to portray the Hittite architecture and material culture accurately). I thoroughly enjoyed this documentary, which begins in the Middle Bronze Age and proceeds chronologically through the main reigns and events to the Late Bronze Age, including discussion and coverage on diverse aspects of Hittite society and culture. Weblink: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=19&v=rvyzw7dT7Ww (current active link; dvd available, but a bit harder to get). Another excellent documentary on the Hittites is "Lost Warrior Kingdom" (Nat. Geo. and European production), which may have a YouTube link, but is virtually impossible to find otherwise as a commercially available dvd; Michael Wood also has a very good, albeit bit older documentary, on the Hittites within his series: In Search of the Trojan War (which I still show in my Aegean-Anatolia course Anth.245).
Research Interests: History, Ancient History, Military History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, and 49 moreAnthropology, Near Eastern Studies, Anatolian Studies, Anatolian Archaeology, Anatolian History, History of Plague, Anatolian Languages, Hittite, Ramesses II, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near Eastern Languages, Documentary Film, Assyria, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern Art, History of Diplomacy, Ancient Anatolia, Ancient Near Eastern History, Hittite Religion, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Hittite archaeology, The Hittites, Ancient Near Eastern Religions, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Hittites, Ancient Near Eastern Treaties, Hattusa, Hittite History, Suppiluliuma I, Puduhepa, Hattussili III, Tudhaliya IV, Telepinu, Boğazköy, Hattusili, Battle of Qadesh, Ankhesenamon, Muwatali, Ankhesenamun, Muwatallis II (Hittite ruler, LB Age), Battle of Kadesh, Muršili II, History of Peace Treaties, King Mursilis II, Hattusili I, Mursili I, Hattusili III (Hittite ruler, LB Age), and Mursili III (Urhi Teshub)
ABSTRACT: The following 58 questions follow the documentary (no.6), PBS: The Lost Gardens of Babylon (60 minutes) (2014; 60 min.). The question sheet aids in furnishing a summary of the documentary's coverage and sequence of specific... more
ABSTRACT: The following 58 questions follow the documentary (no.6), PBS: The Lost Gardens of Babylon (60 minutes) (2014; 60 min.). The question sheet aids in furnishing a summary of the documentary's coverage and sequence of specific topics. A very good documentary detailing Stephanie Dalley's theory about the later traditions concerning the "(Hanging) Gardens of Babylon " as reflecting an actual origin and location in King Sennecherib's garden at Nineveh, over 100 years earlier (ca. early 7th century BCE) and at a site much further to the north (i.e., at Sennecherib's palace at Nineveh, in Assyria, versus in Nebuchadnezzar II's palace at Babylon). WEB LINK: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/the-lost-gardens-of-babylon-watch-the-full-episode/1203/. The documentary introduces some of the traditions and evidence concerning the location and date of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and proceeds to Dalley's research and theories for equating it with an earlier garden built by Sennacherib beside his palace at Nineveh: This earlier garden is attested from diverse evidence in the British Museum (e.g., a cuneiform prism; palace wall panels), publications on earlier excavations at Nineveh, recent visits to and assessments of key sites in Iraq (e.g., Khinis; Jerwan; Nineveh), plus consultation with other specialists (e.g., Dr. Jason Ur: using Corona satellite imagery analysis and landscape interpretation). A very enjoyable documentary showing features and issues in both Ancient and modern Iraq.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Near Eastern Studies, and 36 moreAssyriology, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Documentary Film, Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Assyria, Irrigation Engineering, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Assyrian archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern Art, Assyrian Empire, Neo-Assyrian studies, Ancient Near Eastern History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Ancient water systems, Ancient Water Technology, Assyrian art, Aqueducts, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, archaeology in Iraq, Sennacherib rock reliefs, imagery of Sennacherib water systems, Sennacherib, Southwest Palace, Nineveh, Sennacherib & Neo Assyrian Empire, Archeology and Satellite Imagery, Nineveh, Neo Assyrians, Ancient and Medieval Gardening, Sennacherib's Gardens, hanging gardens of Babylon, Ancient garden, archimedes screw, Ancient Canals, Khinis (Assyria; Iraq), and Jerwan (Assyria; Iraq)
ABSTRACT: The following 83 questions follow the documentary (no.7), National Geographic, Quest for the Phoenicians (55 minutes). It is a good documentary detailing diverse aspects of the heritage and achievements of the Phoenicians: WEB... more
ABSTRACT: The following 83 questions follow the documentary (no.7), National Geographic, Quest for the Phoenicians (55 minutes). It is a good documentary detailing diverse aspects of the heritage and achievements of the Phoenicians: WEB LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBObLQZdeq8. The question sheet aids in furnishing a summary of the documentary's coverage and sequence of specific topics. The documentary introduces the Phoenicians' Canaanite background, geographic dispersal and trading network, and legacy via mostly hostile and biased Greek and Roman accounts. The film's focus includes and interweaves (1) R. Ballard's past-current maritime investigation of known and sought after Phoenician shipwrecks (e.g., SW coast of the southern Levant; the Malta-Carthage trade route), (2) two geneticists' --(i.e., Pierre Zalloua and Spencer Wells)-- study of modern DNA from residents in modern Carthage, Tyre, and elsewhere (in comparison to samples from a tooth from a Phoenician royal burial of King Tabnit), (3) Paco Giles' excavations of a Phoenician cultic deposit in Gorham's Cave at Gibraltar, (4) Claude Dumet Sirhal's five seasons of excavations of a Phoenician cemetery and other Canaanite remains at Sidon, and (5) a Lebanese ship builders's reconstruction and sailing of a replica Phoenician ship. The documentary incorporates various discussions by other specialists, Larry Stager, Glenn Markoe, and Ian Morris, plus coverage of the biblical traditions regarding the Phoenicians, Herodotus' references to Phoenician voyages, the sites of Carthage and the Temple of Eshmun, and other aspects about Phoenician ships, navigation, trade, and rivalries with Rome.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, and 33 moreNear Eastern Studies, Phoenicians, Levantine Archaeology, Population Genetics, Lebanon, Ancient Near East, Ancient DNA (Archaeology), Carthage (Archaeology), Documentary Film, Ancient DNA Research, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Ancient Shipwrecks, Phoenician sanctuary, Ancient Mediterranean ports, Ancient Near Eastern Religions, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Carthage, Tophets, Sidon, Ancient Harbors, Archaeology of the Levant, Tyre, Phoenician trade, Ancient Warships, Ancient Ports and Harbours, Jezebel, Maritime Navigation, Ghoram's Cave (Gibraltar; Phoenician site), Temple of Eshmun (Phoenicia), and King Tabnit (Phoenicia)
ABSTRACT: The following 112 questions follow the documentary (no.8), Kultur: Persepolis ... (60 minutes). The question sheet aids in furnishing a summary of the documentary's coverage and sequence of specific topics. A good documentary... more
ABSTRACT: The following 112 questions follow the documentary (no.8), Kultur: Persepolis ... (60 minutes). The question sheet aids in furnishing a summary of the documentary's coverage and sequence of specific topics. A good documentary detailing various aspects of the Persians, especially at Persepolis, but also at Susa, Behistun, Naqsh-i Rustam, Babylon, Choga Zanbil etc. A commercially available dvd, plus a 1-2 minute online overview by Kultur (WEB LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gav5S_osQ9A), but no other obvious Youtube link to this documentary in April 2018 (Of note: One "duplicate" title did appear via Youtube, but it is actually the incorrect video, namely another video on this site, but it did feature Persepolis). Regarding the documentary this response sheet follows, it provided lots of CGI reconstructions of Persepolis by a professional project using the original archaeological publications, an architectural model, on-site data collection, and other resources. Various other okay to good documentaries are also available on the Persian Empire, but this one fit the course best.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Anthropology, Art History, and 23 moreNear Eastern Studies, Achaemenid Persia, Ancient Near East, Documentary Film, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern Art, Achaemenid History, Ancient Near Eastern History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Achaemenid archaeology, Ancient Iran, Persepolis, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Achaemenid Art and Archaeology, Darius I, Persian Art, Persepolis Film, Palaces, The Building Program of Persepolis, Chogha Zanbil, Behistun inscription, Susa (Ancient Elam), and Naqsh-i Rustam (Ancient Iran; Persia)
COURSE SUMMARY: The Vikings are most popularly thought of as warriors raiding settlements along the northern coastline of Europe during the Viking Age (ca. 793 – 1050 AD), but their society and activities extended well beyond this time... more
COURSE SUMMARY: The Vikings are most popularly thought of as warriors raiding settlements along the northern coastline of Europe during the Viking Age (ca. 793 – 1050 AD), but their society and activities extended well beyond this time frame and scope. This course furnishes a broad overview of the Vikings, beginning with the roots of Norse culture in Scandinavia, their social structure, subsistence, art, architecture, technology, religion, language, and literature, and their broad interactions as raiders, traders, and explorers in the world beyond Scandinavia, including their expansion westward into parts of Europe, the British Isles, Iceland, and Greenland. Additional discussion will cover their variously hostile through peaceful interactions with the indigenous peoples in Greenland, the Arctic, Labrador and Newfoundland (ca. 1000 – 1450+ AD), their demise in Greenland, and the evidence for Norse explorations, exploitation, and influence in northeast North America, ranging from the eastern Arctic through Newfoundland, and perhaps beyond.
OVERALL COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims (1) to educate students in the broad historical, archaeological, cultural, and related topics regarding the Viking period and world, furnishing a fairly comprehensive and introductory overview. (2) The documentaries and written responses serve to illustrate and reinforce selected topics, providing visual references, specialist views, and general narration. (3-4). The in-class seminars and class member presentations are designed to provide students with more in-depth understanding regarding key concepts and subject materials, and experience in presenting one’s essay research and results. (5). The mid-term and end-of-term examinations, accompanied by pre-posted, focus-learning guides, should aid students in focusing upon, comprehending, and memorizing the most salient data and broader trends that characterize the Viking World. (6). The research essay enables students to explore in more depth and in a more critical fashion a topic of interest not covered in sufficient detail in class, including guidance and feedback to assist in learning and refining the composition of college essays. (7). This course also aims to provide a sufficiently comprehensive overview as a “gateway” course to allow students to assess whether they wish to pursue additional and more advanced studies regarding this cultural area, period, and/or a related aspect.
PLEASE NOTE: This course is still under construction, but its materials and power points will be posted upon its completion. It is currently being taught as a directed reading course.
OVERALL COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims (1) to educate students in the broad historical, archaeological, cultural, and related topics regarding the Viking period and world, furnishing a fairly comprehensive and introductory overview. (2) The documentaries and written responses serve to illustrate and reinforce selected topics, providing visual references, specialist views, and general narration. (3-4). The in-class seminars and class member presentations are designed to provide students with more in-depth understanding regarding key concepts and subject materials, and experience in presenting one’s essay research and results. (5). The mid-term and end-of-term examinations, accompanied by pre-posted, focus-learning guides, should aid students in focusing upon, comprehending, and memorizing the most salient data and broader trends that characterize the Viking World. (6). The research essay enables students to explore in more depth and in a more critical fashion a topic of interest not covered in sufficient detail in class, including guidance and feedback to assist in learning and refining the composition of college essays. (7). This course also aims to provide a sufficiently comprehensive overview as a “gateway” course to allow students to assess whether they wish to pursue additional and more advanced studies regarding this cultural area, period, and/or a related aspect.
PLEASE NOTE: This course is still under construction, but its materials and power points will be posted upon its completion. It is currently being taught as a directed reading course.
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: This presentation accompanied a separate power point presentation (by S. Parcak: on satellite remote sensing in archaeology), and provides (1) some background information on the presenter (G. Mumford), namely my experience in... more
SUMMARY: This presentation accompanied a separate power point presentation (by S. Parcak: on satellite remote sensing in archaeology), and provides (1) some background information on the presenter (G. Mumford), namely my experience in survey, excavation, and the broader region (Egypt & Near East), (2) an overview regarding some approaches to finding new archaeological sites, (3) the need for cataloguing already known archaeological sites (i.e., generating a more comprehensive data base), (4) the importance of recognizing many archaeological site types (including realizing the scope and limitations of aerial and satellite surveys: e.g., finding rock art; lithic scatters), (5) using known and dated key site features to assess potential new sites (i.e., maximizing one's potential archaeological site identifications from aerial and satellite imagery prior to ground-truthing/verification), (6) the need for more ground survey and excavation with and by UAE officials and regional specialists, (7) the need for more/advanced training in specialized archaeological skill sets for local/regional antiquities' officials and archaeology students, (8) some potential desired needs and models for increased cultural heritage preservation and education/tourism, and (9) a summary of various options for satellite remote sensing work in/with UAE officials and regional specialists. The ppt. also incorporated images and materials from the presenters' project work (Tell Tebilla, East Delta, Egypt; Ras Budran, South Sinai, Egypt), as well as generic through specific imagery regarding other aspects of the presentation. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: See Spectral Globe Technologies folder in my Academia profile (Gregory Mumford) for SGT website link and/or pamphlet summary.
Research Interests:
SUMMARY: This brochure was developed to provide brief background information for antiquities' officials, archaeologists in general, interested lay persons, and others (e.g., Cultural resource Management; Heritage Tourism) regarding key... more
SUMMARY: This brochure was developed to provide brief background information for antiquities' officials, archaeologists in general, interested lay persons, and others (e.g., Cultural resource Management; Heritage Tourism) regarding key issues about heritage loss and conservation via locating and mapping unknown and little known archaeological sites and thereby enabling federal through municipal officials and/or governments to implement protective measurements.
SUMMARY: Spectral Globe Technologies (SGT) detects and maps historical and cultural remains, such as ancient settlements and cemeteries, through the use of a variety of satellite technologies that act like a "space-based x-ray" for seeing... more
SUMMARY: Spectral Globe Technologies (SGT) detects and maps historical and cultural remains, such as ancient settlements and cemeteries, through the use of a variety of satellite technologies that act like a "space-based x-ray" for seeing buried archaeological sites and above ground landscape features. ... SGT employs a variety of NASA-derived and commercial satellite technologies to visualize landscapes and to detect a range of these features. These features span prehistoric through historic remains, and may include recent activities, and range from fragmentary through entire settlements (e.g., villages; towns; cities), diverse burials (e.g., ancient through recent tombs, graves, and cemeteries), sometimes monumental architecture (e.g., remains of lost fortifications, amphitheaters, temples, and pyramid foundations), and other traces of past human activities (e.g., ancient caravan routes across deserts). Typically ancient through more recent cultural sites are altered, buried, or otherwise obscured by modern buildings, vegetation, and other natural and human-engineered processes/agents. Locating these features is critical to having a better understanding of our individual past, regional and national identities, and humanity’s collective history on our planet. Implementing cultural heritage detection, protection, and conservation in conjunction with responsible modern construction and development projects can also aid in developing heritage tourism and other sustainable local through national industries.
Research Interests:
WEBSITE SECTIONS & SUMMARY: (1). Author and publisher: Gordon Mumford is the author of award-winning, creatively written non-fiction books about his experiences as a teenager in the Merchant Navy during WWII and his adventures in East... more
WEBSITE SECTIONS & SUMMARY:
(1). Author and publisher: Gordon Mumford is the author of award-winning, creatively written non-fiction books about his experiences as a teenager in the Merchant Navy during WWII and his adventures in East Africa in the 1950s. He is a 20th century man. His books are best read in chronological order.
* The Black Pit and Beyond
* The Sampan Girl
* Dangerous Waters
* White Man's Drum
* Drums of Rebellion
(2). Merchant Navy: ... the Wartime Merchant Navy pages of Gordon Mumford in WWII.
* About the WWII British / Allied Merchant Navy.
* About WW II Merchant ships.
* Awards for Bravery.
* Battle of Atlantic and Convoy ONS15.
* Photo Galleries.
* Merchant seamen held as Prisoners of War.
* Radio Officers.
* Survival at Sea.
* WW II Bookshelf
* Website Links.
* Tribute to Douglas Crook, 2nd mate on ss Scottish Heather.
* Rolls of Honour commemorate 15 ships and more than 500 seamen lost from Convoy ONS154 (1942).
* Roll of Honour for ss Empire Path (1944).
* Roll of Honour for mv Luling (1945).
(3). African adventures:
These pages contain photographs and stories of East Africa's bygone days.
* African Bookshelf
* Beaches, Hotels, and Resorts
* East African Reunions
* Farms and Farm Maps
* Game Parks
* Homes and Gardens
* Lakes and Lake Boats
* Mountains
* Nigerian Rivers
* Northern Frontier District
* Schools in East Africa
* Towns and Cities of East Africa (Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, and Zanzibar).
* Transportation by air, lakes and rivers, sea, rail, and road.
* Web sites about East Africa.
* Web sites for individual schools and their alumni,
(4). Kenya Korner: Kenya Korner is a password-protected list of names of former East African residents who wish to connect with friends from their East African days.
(1). Author and publisher: Gordon Mumford is the author of award-winning, creatively written non-fiction books about his experiences as a teenager in the Merchant Navy during WWII and his adventures in East Africa in the 1950s. He is a 20th century man. His books are best read in chronological order.
* The Black Pit and Beyond
* The Sampan Girl
* Dangerous Waters
* White Man's Drum
* Drums of Rebellion
(2). Merchant Navy: ... the Wartime Merchant Navy pages of Gordon Mumford in WWII.
* About the WWII British / Allied Merchant Navy.
* About WW II Merchant ships.
* Awards for Bravery.
* Battle of Atlantic and Convoy ONS15.
* Photo Galleries.
* Merchant seamen held as Prisoners of War.
* Radio Officers.
* Survival at Sea.
* WW II Bookshelf
* Website Links.
* Tribute to Douglas Crook, 2nd mate on ss Scottish Heather.
* Rolls of Honour commemorate 15 ships and more than 500 seamen lost from Convoy ONS154 (1942).
* Roll of Honour for ss Empire Path (1944).
* Roll of Honour for mv Luling (1945).
(3). African adventures:
These pages contain photographs and stories of East Africa's bygone days.
* African Bookshelf
* Beaches, Hotels, and Resorts
* East African Reunions
* Farms and Farm Maps
* Game Parks
* Homes and Gardens
* Lakes and Lake Boats
* Mountains
* Nigerian Rivers
* Northern Frontier District
* Schools in East Africa
* Towns and Cities of East Africa (Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, and Zanzibar).
* Transportation by air, lakes and rivers, sea, rail, and road.
* Web sites about East Africa.
* Web sites for individual schools and their alumni,
(4). Kenya Korner: Kenya Korner is a password-protected list of names of former East African residents who wish to connect with friends from their East African days.